Research Interests: History and Prehistory
Stuart Bedford est archéologue à l’Australian National University et à l’Institut Max Planck pour les sciences de l’histoire humaine, spécialiste de la préhistoire du Pacifique. Il a publié de nombreux travaux sur divers aspects de... more
Stuart Bedford est archéologue à l’Australian National University et à l’Institut Max Planck pour les sciences de l’histoire humaine, spécialiste de la préhistoire du Pacifique. Il a publié de nombreux travaux sur divers aspects de l’archéologie au Vanuatu, depuis la période d’occupation initiale Lapita à celle des contacts européens et de la colonisation, y compris l’archéologie des sites rituels et monumentaux de l’archipel. Nicolas Cauwe est archéologue, conservateur des collections de Pré..
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Micronesia began to be peopled earlier than other parts of Remote Oceania, but the origins of its inhabitants remain unclear. We generated genome-wide data from 164 ancient and 112 modern individuals. Analysis reveals five migratory... more
Micronesia began to be peopled earlier than other parts of Remote Oceania, but the origins of its inhabitants remain unclear. We generated genome-wide data from 164 ancient and 112 modern individuals. Analysis reveals five migratory streams into Micronesia. Three are East Asian related, one is Polynesian, and a fifth is a Papuan source related to mainland New Guineans that is different from the New Britain–related Papuan source for southwest Pacific populations but is similarly derived from male migrants ~2500 to 2000 years ago. People of the Mariana Archipelago may derive all of their precolonial ancestry from East Asian sources, making them the only Remote Oceanians without Papuan ancestry. Female-inherited mitochondrial DNA was highly differentiated across early Remote Oceanian communities but homogeneous within, implying matrilocal practices whereby women almost never raised their children in communities different from the ones in which they grew up.
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Research Interests: Geography and Archaeology
Research Interests: Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Ethics, Research Ethics, Professional Ethics, and 15 moreArchaeogenetics, Human Remains (Anthropology), Ancient DNA (Archaeology), Ancient DNA Research, Medicine, Multidisciplinary, Nature, Prehistory, aDNA Analysis, Engineering Ethics, Ancient DNA, Human Remains and Ethics, Human remains in Archaeology, Stakeholder, and Archeology
S’inscrivant au sein du nouveau mouvement historiographique sur l’archéologie du Pacifique, cet ouvrage propose une réflexion particulière sur l’histoire de l’archéologie océanienne francophone, qu’elle soit française, belge ou relative... more
S’inscrivant au sein du nouveau mouvement historiographique sur l’archéologie du Pacifique, cet ouvrage propose une réflexion particulière sur l’histoire de l’archéologie océanienne francophone, qu’elle soit française, belge ou relative aux archipels francophones du Pacifique. 13 contributions croisent les diverses perspectives d’archéologues, d’historiens, d’anthropologues, de conservateurs et d’écrivains. Les auteur.e.s interrogent le contexte épistémologique, les acteurs, les pratiques et les institutions qui ont concouru à ouvrir ce nouveau champ de recherche et à lui faire une place dans le paysage institutionnel de la science française et internationale. Ce volume est le fruit d’un colloque organisé à Marseille en mai 2016 à l’initiative du projet CBAP The Collective Biography of Archaeology in the Pacific - a Hidden History porté par The Australian National University, et en collaboration avec le laboratoire du CREDO (Centre de Recherche et de Documentation sur l’Océanie, UMR 7308) et l’équipe d’Ethnologie Préhistorique du laboratoire ArScAn (Archéologie et Sciences de l’Antiquité, UMR 7041). Les thèmes abordés vont de l’histoire des idées et l’analyse épistémologique à l’approche biographique de la « science vécue » ; de la mise en contexte et la réévaluation de collections ou textes anciens à la réflexion sur les dangers du présentisme et le potentiel des analyses historiographiques pour développer des perspectives de recherche innovantes en archéologie. Les études rassemblées dans ce volume démontrent tout l’intérêt d’appliquer un regard critique et historiquement informé sur notre propre passé disciplinaire. Elles permettent à chacun de questionner l’héritage intellectuel, sociopolitique et même idéologique et personnel porté plus ou moins consciemment par nos travaux, qui à leur tour participent à la circulation et à la transmission des savoirs et des pratiques. Ces questions de représentation touchent aussi à l’utilisation et l’intégration des récits archéologiques dans les discours nationalistes, colonialistes ou post-colonialistes et identitaires. Elles évoquent enfin la responsabilité que la science et les scientifiques peuvent endosser dans la diffusion et la clarification de certaines idées et connaissances
Research Interests: Humanities, Art, Francophone, History of Archeology, Pacific Archaeology, and 14 morePacific History, Vanuatu, Histoire Des Sciences, Anthropologie, Archéologie, Histoire, Biographie, Nouvelle-Calédonie, Pacifique, épistémologie, Historiographie, Océanie, Polynésie Française, and History Archaeology
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PliSt-i^Eb M Ik QjDOx Bulletin of lhe Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology (2000), 24: 125-132 The mystery of the Ujir site: insights into the early historic maritime settlement of the Aru Islands, Maluku Peter Veth School of ...... more
PliSt-i^Eb M Ik QjDOx Bulletin of lhe Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology (2000), 24: 125-132 The mystery of the Ujir site: insights into the early historic maritime settlement of the Aru Islands, Maluku Peter Veth School of ... The largest fort has been overbuilt by a mosque. ...
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Research Interests: Geography and Excavation
In 1982 an initial sourcing of 13 obsidians and volcanic glasses from Tikopia in the Solomon Islands suggested that four specimens came from Bismarcks sources, with Talasea in West New Britain being the most likely, and the rest came from... more
In 1982 an initial sourcing of 13 obsidians and volcanic glasses from Tikopia in the Solomon Islands suggested that four specimens came from Bismarcks sources, with Talasea in West New Britain being the most likely, and the rest came from the Banks Islands. Reanalysis now attributes ten pieces to Banks Islands sources and three to sources in the Admiralty Islands.
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... Lapita Site, South Efate, Vanuatu 217 cemetery extending only really into the southwestern corner of the 100 m2 area. Two outliers were found in the rest of the excavated area, an inhumation burial in a solution hole in the far... more
... Lapita Site, South Efate, Vanuatu 217 cemetery extending only really into the southwestern corner of the 100 m2 area. Two outliers were found in the rest of the excavated area, an inhumation burial in a solution hole in the far northeast corner and a possibly later cremation ...
Research Interests: Geography and Archaeology
Dermot Casey (1897–1977) is known in Australian archaeology, if he is remembered at all, for being someone who assisted the premier prehistorian of Australia, John Mulvaney, in his excavations of the late 1950s and 1960s and whose... more
Dermot Casey (1897–1977) is known in Australian archaeology, if he is remembered at all, for being someone who assisted the premier prehistorian of Australia, John Mulvaney, in his excavations of the late 1950s and 1960s and whose collaboration Mulvaney greatly valued. But when Casey began his collaboration with Mulvaney he was already 58 years old and had had a continuing and significant archaeological career, involving work in England and South Asia with Mortimer Wheeler, as well as in Australia. He had been a key figure both before and after World War 2 in the development of Australian archaeology. His role is virtually unknown, however, not least because he was a man of independent means who did not need to work for a living. His selflessness was partly because that privilege gave him a keen sense of service to society, seen in both world wars and in his archaeological practice.
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52 Remembering and forgetting lie at the heart of Marek E. Jasinski‘s research into the Norwegian PoW experience (Revenge of memories – Nazi construction plants and PoW camps in Norway). As on Alderney, the role of the slave workers is... more
52 Remembering and forgetting lie at the heart of Marek E. Jasinski‘s research into the Norwegian PoW experience (Revenge of memories – Nazi construction plants and PoW camps in Norway). As on Alderney, the role of the slave workers is hidden behind the massive surviving concrete structures they lost their lives in building. The Nazi legacy stands firm, but the injustices behind it are forgotten and need to be re-told and the sites interpreted appropriately. The definition of others‘ based on race and religion allowed the Nazi exploitation of the slave workers, and similar definitions of other‘ fuel extremist views in Norway to this day. Archaeologists exposing the past can help to create tolerant environments in the present. Creating closure in the present is the ambition of Andrzej Ossowski, Krzysztof Szwagrzyk and Piotr Brzezinski in their work locating, exhuming and identifying victims of Communist imprisonment and execution (Contemporary totalitarian systems‟ victims‟ identific...
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In this paper, we will present preliminary results of spatial distribution of Lapita pottery at the Teouma burial site on Efate Island in Vanuatu. Based on reassembling of pots over the last ten years at the Vanuatu Culture Centre and GIS... more
In this paper, we will present preliminary results of spatial distribution of Lapita pottery at the Teouma burial site on Efate Island in Vanuatu. Based on reassembling of pots over the last ten years at the Vanuatu Culture Centre and GIS recording we argue that this excavation offers a possibility to discuss the spatial distribution of pottery and aspects of ritual burial patterns of the Lapita Culture 3000 years ago. Lapita pottery at the site reveals aspects of contemporaneity between grave groups, behavioral, technical and ritual choices in the use of pots and aspects of complex spatial activity patterns in the burial rites.
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Research Interests: Geography and Archaeology
The research conducted by Jose Garanger in central Vanuatu (1963-1967), led to the discovery and archaeological study of a number of burials on the islands of Efate and Tongoa, and contributed to increased knowledge of burial practices of... more
The research conducted by Jose Garanger in central Vanuatu (1963-1967), led to the discovery and archaeological study of a number of burials on the islands of Efate and Tongoa, and contributed to increased knowledge of burial practices of second millennium AD communities of the archipelago. The discovery in 2004 of the early Lapita cemetery at Teouma, on Efate Island, supplements this knowledge with a new data set. The cemetery, currently known by about fifty funerary features, is characterized by diverse body orientations and positions, and homogenous but complex body and bone treatments. Relying primarily on these two sets of data, this paper outlines a diachronic analysis of the Vanuatu prehistoric burial practices using five attributes of the funerary system that were assessed as significant by Jose Garanger: body and bone treatment, original position of the deceased, ornaments and associated artefacts, use of multiple burial and burial orientation.
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Remaining healthy was a major consideration for both indigenous and European peoples in the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu) during early contact. While local communities were often devastated by introduced disease, new missionaries sought... more
Remaining healthy was a major consideration for both indigenous and European peoples in the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu) during early contact. While local communities were often devastated by introduced disease, new missionaries sought practical ways to overcome the impact of tropical ailments that they considered to undermine the effectiveness of their activities. From the early 1850s onwards, Presbyterian missionaries in the southern New Hebrides began to construct 'healthy' homes, of which the surviving masonry mission house at Anelcauhat, Aneityum (1852-3) forms the earliest standing example. This paper draws on the results of both above-and in-ground archaeological recording to examine how the surviving structure reflects nineteenth-century ideas about illness and well-being before discussing the wider trajectory of such house construction, and associated matters connected with local communities, health and architecture that potentially impacted on missionary endeavour.
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Faunal remains from archaeological sites on Buka, Nissan, and Tikopia Islands. Southwest Pacific include a number of taxa not previously recorded from those islands. These are Rattus praetor for both Nissan and Tikopia, and Thylogale... more
Faunal remains from archaeological sites on Buka, Nissan, and Tikopia Islands. Southwest Pacific include a number of taxa not previously recorded from those islands. These are Rattus praetor for both Nissan and Tikopia, and Thylogale brunii. Unicomys poneeleti. and Uromys salebrosus for Buka. R. praetor and T. brunii were probably introduced into the region by humans during the mid Holocene. Following the initial expansion in the ranges of these taxa, some island populations became extinct.
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A significant number of fish remains were uncovered between 1999 and 2003 at the archaeological site of Arapus, on Efate Island, Central Vanuatu, during a joint Australian National University - Vanuatu National Museum research project.... more
A significant number of fish remains were uncovered between 1999 and 2003 at the archaeological site of Arapus, on Efate Island, Central Vanuatu, during a joint Australian National University - Vanuatu National Museum research project. The studied ichthyofauna sample was collected in two test pits excavated in 2001 and is mainly associated with the Arapus layers, dated around 2800 BP. It offers an outline of the taxa captured at the time of the initial occupation of the site and provides an opportunity to characterize the associated fishing methods. A total of 630 fish bones have been identified to the family, genus and species-level and the spatial context and different biotopes have also been taken into account to interpret the sample composition. The assemblage is dominated by the Acanthuridae family, or surgeonfishes, and covers a wide range of taxa, herbivores as well as carnivores and omnivores. Fishing in Arapus seems to have been relatively generalist and exclusively coastal: the reef flats, the fringing reefs and the Port Havannah protected bay close to the site were exploited. Technologies such as hooks and lines, and fish-traps, better adapted to the site's neighbouring marine environments than gill nets, might have been used. The results obtained support current knowledge about first millennium BC fishing in southern Melanesia but also bring new information to bear on the techniques used in Vanuatu during that time.
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Introduction to the volume - available online here: http://www.mshp.upf.pf/fr/editions-de-la-msh-p Following the recent development of Pacific archaeology historiographies, this volume focuses on the history of francophone archaeology... more
Introduction to the volume - available online here:
http://www.mshp.upf.pf/fr/editions-de-la-msh-p
Following the recent development of Pacific archaeology historiographies, this volume focuses on the history of francophone archaeology in the Pacific, whether French, Belgian, Swiss or relative to francophone archipelagos in Oceania. Following a workshop organised in Marseille, France, in May 2016, 13 contributions offer here the diverse perspectives of archaeologists, historians, cultural anthropologists, museum curators and writers. The authors consider the
epistemology, actors, practices and institutions that contributed to open this new field of research and to position it on the French and international scientific scene.
Various themes are considered, from intellectual history and epistemology to the biographical approach; from the contextualisation and re-evaluation of ancient collections and texts to reflections on the danger of presentism and the potential of historiographic analyses in developing innovative research perspectives in archaeology. The studies that are gathered here demonstrate the
interest in viewing our own disciplinary past through a critically and historically informed prism. They enable each of us to question the intellectual, socio-political and even ideological and personal ‘baggage’ more or less consciously hidden in our research. They also evoke the responsibility that science and scientists can assume in the diffusion and clarification of specific ideas or information.
http://www.mshp.upf.pf/fr/editions-de-la-msh-p
Following the recent development of Pacific archaeology historiographies, this volume focuses on the history of francophone archaeology in the Pacific, whether French, Belgian, Swiss or relative to francophone archipelagos in Oceania. Following a workshop organised in Marseille, France, in May 2016, 13 contributions offer here the diverse perspectives of archaeologists, historians, cultural anthropologists, museum curators and writers. The authors consider the
epistemology, actors, practices and institutions that contributed to open this new field of research and to position it on the French and international scientific scene.
Various themes are considered, from intellectual history and epistemology to the biographical approach; from the contextualisation and re-evaluation of ancient collections and texts to reflections on the danger of presentism and the potential of historiographic analyses in developing innovative research perspectives in archaeology. The studies that are gathered here demonstrate the
interest in viewing our own disciplinary past through a critically and historically informed prism. They enable each of us to question the intellectual, socio-political and even ideological and personal ‘baggage’ more or less consciously hidden in our research. They also evoke the responsibility that science and scientists can assume in the diffusion and clarification of specific ideas or information.
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Traduction en français de l'editorial et des résumés des articles du JPA 8 (1). Les neuf articles de ce numéro spécial offrent, pour la première fois dans la région, une gamme variée d'études de cas touchant à l'historiographie de notre... more
Traduction en français de l'editorial et des résumés des articles du JPA 8 (1).
Les neuf articles de ce numéro spécial offrent, pour la première fois dans la région, une gamme variée d'études de cas touchant à l'historiographie de notre discipline, de l'Australie occidentale au Pacifique Oriental et du milieu du XIXe siècle jusqu'aux années 1960. De façon essentielle, ces articles couvrent non seulement la littérature anglophone sur le sujet, mais aussi les très importantes littératures de langue allemande et francophones.
Les neuf articles de ce numéro spécial offrent, pour la première fois dans la région, une gamme variée d'études de cas touchant à l'historiographie de notre discipline, de l'Australie occidentale au Pacifique Oriental et du milieu du XIXe siècle jusqu'aux années 1960. De façon essentielle, ces articles couvrent non seulement la littérature anglophone sur le sujet, mais aussi les très importantes littératures de langue allemande et francophones.
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This special edited issue of the Journal of Pacific Archaeology comes from a session at the Australian Archaeology Association Conference ‘On the Edge’, held in December 2015 in Fremantle, Western Australia. The session was entitled On... more
This special edited issue of the Journal of Pacific Archaeology
comes from a session at the Australian Archaeology
Association Conference ‘On the Edge’, held in December
2015 in Fremantle, Western Australia. The session was entitled
On the Edge of Archaeology: The Historiography of
Australian, Pacific and Southeast Asian Archaeology. It was
organised by Emilie Dotte-Sarout and Matthew Spriggs
as an initiative of the Australian Research Council Laureate
Project ‘the Collective Biography of Archaeology in the
Pacific (CBAP)’, directed by Professor Matthew Spriggs at
The Australian National University.
The nine articles published here represent revised
versions of papers delivered at the Conference.
The papers in this issue provide for the first time in the
region a diverse range of case studies in the historiography
of our discipline, from Western Australia to the Eastern
Pacific and from the mid-19th century up to the 1960s.
Importantly, they cover not only the Anglophone literature
on the topic, but also the essential German-speaking
and Francophone ones.
comes from a session at the Australian Archaeology
Association Conference ‘On the Edge’, held in December
2015 in Fremantle, Western Australia. The session was entitled
On the Edge of Archaeology: The Historiography of
Australian, Pacific and Southeast Asian Archaeology. It was
organised by Emilie Dotte-Sarout and Matthew Spriggs
as an initiative of the Australian Research Council Laureate
Project ‘the Collective Biography of Archaeology in the
Pacific (CBAP)’, directed by Professor Matthew Spriggs at
The Australian National University.
The nine articles published here represent revised
versions of papers delivered at the Conference.
The papers in this issue provide for the first time in the
region a diverse range of case studies in the historiography
of our discipline, from Western Australia to the Eastern
Pacific and from the mid-19th century up to the 1960s.
Importantly, they cover not only the Anglophone literature
on the topic, but also the essential German-speaking
and Francophone ones.
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More than 7000 years ago, groups of early farmers (the Linearbandkeramik, or LBK) spread over vast areas of Europe. Their cultural characteristics comprised common choices and styles of execution, with a central meaning and functionality... more
More than 7000 years ago, groups of early farmers (the Linearbandkeramik, or LBK) spread over vast areas of Europe. Their cultural characteristics comprised common choices and styles of execution, with a central meaning and functionality attached to ‘doing things a certain way’, over an enormous geographical area. However, recent evidence suggests that the reality was much more varied and diverse. The central question of this book is the extent to which notions of ‘uniformity’ and ‘diversity’ have caused a wider shift in archaeological perspective.
Using the LBK case study as a starting point, the volume brings together contributions by international specialists tackling the notion of cultural diversity and its explanatory power in archaeological analysis more generally. Through discussions of the domestic architecture, stone tool inventory, pottery traditions, landscape use and burial traditions of the LBK, this book provides a crucial reappraisal of the culture’s potential for adaptability and change.
Papers in the second part of the volume are devoted to archaeological case studies from around the globe in which the tension between diversity and uniformity has also proved controversial, including the Near Eastern Halaf culture, the North American Mississippian, the Pacific expansion of the Lapita culture, and the European Bell Beaker phenomenon. All provide exciting theoretical and methodological contributions on how the appreciation of cultural diversity as a whole can be moved forward. These papers expose diversity and uniformity as cultural strategies, and as such provide essential reading for scholars in archaeology and anthropology, and for anyone interested in the interplay between material culture and human social change.
Using the LBK case study as a starting point, the volume brings together contributions by international specialists tackling the notion of cultural diversity and its explanatory power in archaeological analysis more generally. Through discussions of the domestic architecture, stone tool inventory, pottery traditions, landscape use and burial traditions of the LBK, this book provides a crucial reappraisal of the culture’s potential for adaptability and change.
Papers in the second part of the volume are devoted to archaeological case studies from around the globe in which the tension between diversity and uniformity has also proved controversial, including the Near Eastern Halaf culture, the North American Mississippian, the Pacific expansion of the Lapita culture, and the European Bell Beaker phenomenon. All provide exciting theoretical and methodological contributions on how the appreciation of cultural diversity as a whole can be moved forward. These papers expose diversity and uniformity as cultural strategies, and as such provide essential reading for scholars in archaeology and anthropology, and for anyone interested in the interplay between material culture and human social change.
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Political economy approaches have been criticized for their focus on top-down processes with insufficient attention to non-elite agency. Here, we expand archaeological applications of political economy by integrating a bottom-up... more
Political economy approaches have been criticized for their focus on top-down processes with insufficient attention to non-elite agency. Here, we expand archaeological applications of political economy by integrating a bottom-up perspective on the construction of social power, drawing mainly from collective action theory and anarchist theory. An array of interacting agents, diverse interests, and decentralized powers exists in non-state societies. Social segments with countervailing interests and strategies confront, limit, and co-opt elite power. These countervailing forces are fundamental to political economies in these societies, and focusing on them illustrates the ways in which social power and cooperation actually work as differing interests and objectives exist in perpetual tension. The significance of these bottom-up forces is illustrated with synthetic summaries of three
Most histories of Australian archaeology written in the past three decades imagine that the discipline came of age in (approximately) the year 1960. We are led to believe that systematic archaeological research, nuanced interpretations,... more
Most histories of Australian archaeology written in the past three decades imagine that the discipline came of age in (approximately) the year 1960. We are led to believe that systematic archaeological research, nuanced interpretations, and advocacy for the conservation of Aboriginal cultural heritage all date to the post-1960 era. Yet archaeological research in Australia has a lengthier and more complex genealogy. Here we use a series of case studies to explore the gradual development of the discipline during the twentieth century. We unpack key moments and projects during the early-to-mid twentieth century and examine the extent to which the so-called "professional" archaeologists of the 1960s overlapped with and depended upon the work of "amateur" scholars. We conclude by suggesting that the period of most rapid and significant change in archaeological thought and practice was precipitated by Aboriginal activism in the 1980s. Australia's First Peoples demanded control of research into their cultural heritage, a project which is ongoing today. Our discipline must encourage a culture of reflexivity on its current practices by coming to terms with rather than silencing its history (whether good, bad, or ugly).