Stuart Bedford est archéologue à l’Australian National University et à l’Institut Max Planck pour... more Stuart Bedford est archéologue à l’Australian National University et à l’Institut Max Planck pour les sciences de l’histoire humaine, spécialiste de la préhistoire du Pacifique. Il a publié de nombreux travaux sur divers aspects de l’archéologie au Vanuatu, depuis la période d’occupation initiale Lapita à celle des contacts européens et de la colonisation, y compris l’archéologie des sites rituels et monumentaux de l’archipel. Nicolas Cauwe est archéologue, conservateur des collections de Pré..
Micronesia began to be peopled earlier than other parts of Remote Oceania, but the origins of its... more Micronesia began to be peopled earlier than other parts of Remote Oceania, but the origins of its inhabitants remain unclear. We generated genome-wide data from 164 ancient and 112 modern individuals. Analysis reveals five migratory streams into Micronesia. Three are East Asian related, one is Polynesian, and a fifth is a Papuan source related to mainland New Guineans that is different from the New Britain–related Papuan source for southwest Pacific populations but is similarly derived from male migrants ~2500 to 2000 years ago. People of the Mariana Archipelago may derive all of their precolonial ancestry from East Asian sources, making them the only Remote Oceanians without Papuan ancestry. Female-inherited mitochondrial DNA was highly differentiated across early Remote Oceanian communities but homogeneous within, implying matrilocal practices whereby women almost never raised their children in communities different from the ones in which they grew up.
Pour une histoire de la préhistoire océanienne, 2020
S’inscrivant au sein du nouveau mouvement historiographique sur l’archéologie du Pacifique, cet o... more S’inscrivant au sein du nouveau mouvement historiographique sur l’archéologie du Pacifique, cet ouvrage propose une réflexion particulière sur l’histoire de l’archéologie océanienne francophone, qu’elle soit française, belge ou relative aux archipels francophones du Pacifique. 13 contributions croisent les diverses perspectives d’archéologues, d’historiens, d’anthropologues, de conservateurs et d’écrivains. Les auteur.e.s interrogent le contexte épistémologique, les acteurs, les pratiques et les institutions qui ont concouru à ouvrir ce nouveau champ de recherche et à lui faire une place dans le paysage institutionnel de la science française et internationale. Ce volume est le fruit d’un colloque organisé à Marseille en mai 2016 à l’initiative du projet CBAP The Collective Biography of Archaeology in the Pacific - a Hidden History porté par The Australian National University, et en collaboration avec le laboratoire du CREDO (Centre de Recherche et de Documentation sur l’Océanie, UMR 7308) et l’équipe d’Ethnologie Préhistorique du laboratoire ArScAn (Archéologie et Sciences de l’Antiquité, UMR 7041). Les thèmes abordés vont de l’histoire des idées et l’analyse épistémologique à l’approche biographique de la « science vécue » ; de la mise en contexte et la réévaluation de collections ou textes anciens à la réflexion sur les dangers du présentisme et le potentiel des analyses historiographiques pour développer des perspectives de recherche innovantes en archéologie. Les études rassemblées dans ce volume démontrent tout l’intérêt d’appliquer un regard critique et historiquement informé sur notre propre passé disciplinaire. Elles permettent à chacun de questionner l’héritage intellectuel, sociopolitique et même idéologique et personnel porté plus ou moins consciemment par nos travaux, qui à leur tour participent à la circulation et à la transmission des savoirs et des pratiques. Ces questions de représentation touchent aussi à l’utilisation et l’intégration des récits archéologiques dans les discours nationalistes, colonialistes ou post-colonialistes et identitaires. Elles évoquent enfin la responsabilité que la science et les scientifiques peuvent endosser dans la diffusion et la clarification de certaines idées et connaissances
PliSt-i^Eb M Ik QjDOx Bulletin of lhe Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology (2000), 24: 1... more PliSt-i^Eb M Ik QjDOx Bulletin of lhe Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology (2000), 24: 125-132 The mystery of the Ujir site: insights into the early historic maritime settlement of the Aru Islands, Maluku Peter Veth School of ... The largest fort has been overbuilt by a mosque. ...
In 1982 an initial sourcing of 13 obsidians and volcanic glasses from Tikopia in the Solomon Isla... more In 1982 an initial sourcing of 13 obsidians and volcanic glasses from Tikopia in the Solomon Islands suggested that four specimens came from Bismarcks sources, with Talasea in West New Britain being the most likely, and the rest came from the Banks Islands. Reanalysis now attributes ten pieces to Banks Islands sources and three to sources in the Admiralty Islands.
Stuart Bedford est archéologue à l’Australian National University et à l’Institut Max Planck pour... more Stuart Bedford est archéologue à l’Australian National University et à l’Institut Max Planck pour les sciences de l’histoire humaine, spécialiste de la préhistoire du Pacifique. Il a publié de nombreux travaux sur divers aspects de l’archéologie au Vanuatu, depuis la période d’occupation initiale Lapita à celle des contacts européens et de la colonisation, y compris l’archéologie des sites rituels et monumentaux de l’archipel. Nicolas Cauwe est archéologue, conservateur des collections de Pré..
Micronesia began to be peopled earlier than other parts of Remote Oceania, but the origins of its... more Micronesia began to be peopled earlier than other parts of Remote Oceania, but the origins of its inhabitants remain unclear. We generated genome-wide data from 164 ancient and 112 modern individuals. Analysis reveals five migratory streams into Micronesia. Three are East Asian related, one is Polynesian, and a fifth is a Papuan source related to mainland New Guineans that is different from the New Britain–related Papuan source for southwest Pacific populations but is similarly derived from male migrants ~2500 to 2000 years ago. People of the Mariana Archipelago may derive all of their precolonial ancestry from East Asian sources, making them the only Remote Oceanians without Papuan ancestry. Female-inherited mitochondrial DNA was highly differentiated across early Remote Oceanian communities but homogeneous within, implying matrilocal practices whereby women almost never raised their children in communities different from the ones in which they grew up.
Pour une histoire de la préhistoire océanienne, 2020
S’inscrivant au sein du nouveau mouvement historiographique sur l’archéologie du Pacifique, cet o... more S’inscrivant au sein du nouveau mouvement historiographique sur l’archéologie du Pacifique, cet ouvrage propose une réflexion particulière sur l’histoire de l’archéologie océanienne francophone, qu’elle soit française, belge ou relative aux archipels francophones du Pacifique. 13 contributions croisent les diverses perspectives d’archéologues, d’historiens, d’anthropologues, de conservateurs et d’écrivains. Les auteur.e.s interrogent le contexte épistémologique, les acteurs, les pratiques et les institutions qui ont concouru à ouvrir ce nouveau champ de recherche et à lui faire une place dans le paysage institutionnel de la science française et internationale. Ce volume est le fruit d’un colloque organisé à Marseille en mai 2016 à l’initiative du projet CBAP The Collective Biography of Archaeology in the Pacific - a Hidden History porté par The Australian National University, et en collaboration avec le laboratoire du CREDO (Centre de Recherche et de Documentation sur l’Océanie, UMR 7308) et l’équipe d’Ethnologie Préhistorique du laboratoire ArScAn (Archéologie et Sciences de l’Antiquité, UMR 7041). Les thèmes abordés vont de l’histoire des idées et l’analyse épistémologique à l’approche biographique de la « science vécue » ; de la mise en contexte et la réévaluation de collections ou textes anciens à la réflexion sur les dangers du présentisme et le potentiel des analyses historiographiques pour développer des perspectives de recherche innovantes en archéologie. Les études rassemblées dans ce volume démontrent tout l’intérêt d’appliquer un regard critique et historiquement informé sur notre propre passé disciplinaire. Elles permettent à chacun de questionner l’héritage intellectuel, sociopolitique et même idéologique et personnel porté plus ou moins consciemment par nos travaux, qui à leur tour participent à la circulation et à la transmission des savoirs et des pratiques. Ces questions de représentation touchent aussi à l’utilisation et l’intégration des récits archéologiques dans les discours nationalistes, colonialistes ou post-colonialistes et identitaires. Elles évoquent enfin la responsabilité que la science et les scientifiques peuvent endosser dans la diffusion et la clarification de certaines idées et connaissances
PliSt-i^Eb M Ik QjDOx Bulletin of lhe Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology (2000), 24: 1... more PliSt-i^Eb M Ik QjDOx Bulletin of lhe Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology (2000), 24: 125-132 The mystery of the Ujir site: insights into the early historic maritime settlement of the Aru Islands, Maluku Peter Veth School of ... The largest fort has been overbuilt by a mosque. ...
In 1982 an initial sourcing of 13 obsidians and volcanic glasses from Tikopia in the Solomon Isla... more In 1982 an initial sourcing of 13 obsidians and volcanic glasses from Tikopia in the Solomon Islands suggested that four specimens came from Bismarcks sources, with Talasea in West New Britain being the most likely, and the rest came from the Banks Islands. Reanalysis now attributes ten pieces to Banks Islands sources and three to sources in the Admiralty Islands.
A significant number of fish remains were uncovered between 1999 and 2003 at the archaeological s... more A significant number of fish remains were uncovered between 1999 and 2003 at the archaeological site of Arapus, on Efate Island, Central Vanuatu, during a joint Australian National University - Vanuatu National Museum research project. The studied ichthyofauna sample was collected in two test pits excavated in 2001 and is mainly associated with the Arapus layers, dated around 2800 BP. It offers an outline of the taxa captured at the time of the initial occupation of the site and provides an opportunity to characterize the associated fishing methods. A total of 630 fish bones have been identified to the family, genus and species-level and the spatial context and different biotopes have also been taken into account to interpret the sample composition. The assemblage is dominated by the Acanthuridae family, or surgeonfishes, and covers a wide range of taxa, herbivores as well as carnivores and omnivores. Fishing in Arapus seems to have been relatively generalist and exclusively coastal: the reef flats, the fringing reefs and the Port Havannah protected bay close to the site were exploited. Technologies such as hooks and lines, and fish-traps, better adapted to the site's neighbouring marine environments than gill nets, might have been used. The results obtained support current knowledge about first millennium BC fishing in southern Melanesia but also bring new information to bear on the techniques used in Vanuatu during that time.
Following the recent development of Pacific archaeology historiographies, this volume focuses on the history of francophone archaeology in the Pacific, whether French, Belgian, Swiss or relative to francophone archipelagos in Oceania. Following a workshop organised in Marseille, France, in May 2016, 13 contributions offer here the diverse perspectives of archaeologists, historians, cultural anthropologists, museum curators and writers. The authors consider the epistemology, actors, practices and institutions that contributed to open this new field of research and to position it on the French and international scientific scene. Various themes are considered, from intellectual history and epistemology to the biographical approach; from the contextualisation and re-evaluation of ancient collections and texts to reflections on the danger of presentism and the potential of historiographic analyses in developing innovative research perspectives in archaeology. The studies that are gathered here demonstrate the interest in viewing our own disciplinary past through a critically and historically informed prism. They enable each of us to question the intellectual, socio-political and even ideological and personal ‘baggage’ more or less consciously hidden in our research. They also evoke the responsibility that science and scientists can assume in the diffusion and clarification of specific ideas or information.
Traduction en français de l'editorial et des résumés des articles du JPA 8 (1).
Les neuf article... more Traduction en français de l'editorial et des résumés des articles du JPA 8 (1).
Les neuf articles de ce numéro spécial offrent, pour la première fois dans la région, une gamme variée d'études de cas touchant à l'historiographie de notre discipline, de l'Australie occidentale au Pacifique Oriental et du milieu du XIXe siècle jusqu'aux années 1960. De façon essentielle, ces articles couvrent non seulement la littérature anglophone sur le sujet, mais aussi les très importantes littératures de langue allemande et francophones.
This special edited issue of the Journal of Pacific Archaeology
comes from a session at the Austr... more This special edited issue of the Journal of Pacific Archaeology comes from a session at the Australian Archaeology Association Conference ‘On the Edge’, held in December 2015 in Fremantle, Western Australia. The session was entitled On the Edge of Archaeology: The Historiography of Australian, Pacific and Southeast Asian Archaeology. It was organised by Emilie Dotte-Sarout and Matthew Spriggs as an initiative of the Australian Research Council Laureate Project ‘the Collective Biography of Archaeology in the Pacific (CBAP)’, directed by Professor Matthew Spriggs at The Australian National University. The nine articles published here represent revised versions of papers delivered at the Conference. The papers in this issue provide for the first time in the region a diverse range of case studies in the historiography of our discipline, from Western Australia to the Eastern Pacific and from the mid-19th century up to the 1960s. Importantly, they cover not only the Anglophone literature on the topic, but also the essential German-speaking and Francophone ones.
More than 7000 years ago, groups of early farmers (the Linearbandkeramik, or LBK) spread over vas... more More than 7000 years ago, groups of early farmers (the Linearbandkeramik, or LBK) spread over vast areas of Europe. Their cultural characteristics comprised common choices and styles of execution, with a central meaning and functionality attached to ‘doing things a certain way’, over an enormous geographical area. However, recent evidence suggests that the reality was much more varied and diverse. The central question of this book is the extent to which notions of ‘uniformity’ and ‘diversity’ have caused a wider shift in archaeological perspective.
Using the LBK case study as a starting point, the volume brings together contributions by international specialists tackling the notion of cultural diversity and its explanatory power in archaeological analysis more generally. Through discussions of the domestic architecture, stone tool inventory, pottery traditions, landscape use and burial traditions of the LBK, this book provides a crucial reappraisal of the culture’s potential for adaptability and change.
Papers in the second part of the volume are devoted to archaeological case studies from around the globe in which the tension between diversity and uniformity has also proved controversial, including the Near Eastern Halaf culture, the North American Mississippian, the Pacific expansion of the Lapita culture, and the European Bell Beaker phenomenon. All provide exciting theoretical and methodological contributions on how the appreciation of cultural diversity as a whole can be moved forward. These papers expose diversity and uniformity as cultural strategies, and as such provide essential reading for scholars in archaeology and anthropology, and for anyone interested in the interplay between material culture and human social change.
Political economy approaches have been criticized for their focus on top-down processes with insu... more Political economy approaches have been criticized for their focus on top-down processes with insufficient attention to non-elite agency. Here, we expand archaeological applications of political economy by integrating a bottom-up perspective on the construction of social power, drawing mainly from collective action theory and anarchist theory. An array of interacting agents, diverse interests, and decentralized powers exists in non-state societies. Social segments with countervailing interests and strategies confront, limit, and co-opt elite power. These countervailing forces are fundamental to political economies in these societies, and focusing on them illustrates the ways in which social power and cooperation actually work as differing interests and objectives exist in perpetual tension. The significance of these bottom-up forces is illustrated with synthetic summaries of three
The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Indigenous Australia and New Guinea, 2021
Most histories of Australian archaeology written in the past three decades imagine that the disci... more Most histories of Australian archaeology written in the past three decades imagine that the discipline came of age in (approximately) the year 1960. We are led to believe that systematic archaeological research, nuanced interpretations, and advocacy for the conservation of Aboriginal cultural heritage all date to the post-1960 era. Yet archaeological research in Australia has a lengthier and more complex genealogy. Here we use a series of case studies to explore the gradual development of the discipline during the twentieth century. We unpack key moments and projects during the early-to-mid twentieth century and examine the extent to which the so-called "professional" archaeologists of the 1960s overlapped with and depended upon the work of "amateur" scholars. We conclude by suggesting that the period of most rapid and significant change in archaeological thought and practice was precipitated by Aboriginal activism in the 1980s. Australia's First Peoples demanded control of research into their cultural heritage, a project which is ongoing today. Our discipline must encourage a culture of reflexivity on its current practices by coming to terms with rather than silencing its history (whether good, bad, or ugly).
Remaining healthy was a major consideration for both indigenous and European peoples in the New H... more Remaining healthy was a major consideration for both indigenous and European peoples in the New Hebrides (now Vanuatu) during early contact. While local communities were often devastated by introduced disease, new missionaries sought practical ways to overcome the impact of tropical ailments that they considered to undermine the effectiveness of their activities. From the early 1850s onwards, Presbyterian missionaries in the southern New Hebrides began to construct 'healthy' homes, of which the surviving masonry mission house at Anelcauhat, Aneityum (1852-3) forms the earliest standing example. This paper draws on the results of both above-and in-ground archaeological recording to examine how the surviving structure reflects nineteenth-century ideas about illness and well-being before discussing the wider trajectory of such house construction, and associated matters connected with local communities, health and architecture that potentially impacted on missionary endeavour.
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Following the recent development of Pacific archaeology historiographies, this volume focuses on the history of francophone archaeology in the Pacific, whether French, Belgian, Swiss or relative to francophone archipelagos in Oceania. Following a workshop organised in Marseille, France, in May 2016, 13 contributions offer here the diverse perspectives of archaeologists, historians, cultural anthropologists, museum curators and writers. The authors consider the
epistemology, actors, practices and institutions that contributed to open this new field of research and to position it on the French and international scientific scene.
Various themes are considered, from intellectual history and epistemology to the biographical approach; from the contextualisation and re-evaluation of ancient collections and texts to reflections on the danger of presentism and the potential of historiographic analyses in developing innovative research perspectives in archaeology. The studies that are gathered here demonstrate the
interest in viewing our own disciplinary past through a critically and historically informed prism. They enable each of us to question the intellectual, socio-political and even ideological and personal ‘baggage’ more or less consciously hidden in our research. They also evoke the responsibility that science and scientists can assume in the diffusion and clarification of specific ideas or information.
Les neuf articles de ce numéro spécial offrent, pour la première fois dans la région, une gamme variée d'études de cas touchant à l'historiographie de notre discipline, de l'Australie occidentale au Pacifique Oriental et du milieu du XIXe siècle jusqu'aux années 1960. De façon essentielle, ces articles couvrent non seulement la littérature anglophone sur le sujet, mais aussi les très importantes littératures de langue allemande et francophones.
comes from a session at the Australian Archaeology
Association Conference ‘On the Edge’, held in December
2015 in Fremantle, Western Australia. The session was entitled
On the Edge of Archaeology: The Historiography of
Australian, Pacific and Southeast Asian Archaeology. It was
organised by Emilie Dotte-Sarout and Matthew Spriggs
as an initiative of the Australian Research Council Laureate
Project ‘the Collective Biography of Archaeology in the
Pacific (CBAP)’, directed by Professor Matthew Spriggs at
The Australian National University.
The nine articles published here represent revised
versions of papers delivered at the Conference.
The papers in this issue provide for the first time in the
region a diverse range of case studies in the historiography
of our discipline, from Western Australia to the Eastern
Pacific and from the mid-19th century up to the 1960s.
Importantly, they cover not only the Anglophone literature
on the topic, but also the essential German-speaking
and Francophone ones.
Using the LBK case study as a starting point, the volume brings together contributions by international specialists tackling the notion of cultural diversity and its explanatory power in archaeological analysis more generally. Through discussions of the domestic architecture, stone tool inventory, pottery traditions, landscape use and burial traditions of the LBK, this book provides a crucial reappraisal of the culture’s potential for adaptability and change.
Papers in the second part of the volume are devoted to archaeological case studies from around the globe in which the tension between diversity and uniformity has also proved controversial, including the Near Eastern Halaf culture, the North American Mississippian, the Pacific expansion of the Lapita culture, and the European Bell Beaker phenomenon. All provide exciting theoretical and methodological contributions on how the appreciation of cultural diversity as a whole can be moved forward. These papers expose diversity and uniformity as cultural strategies, and as such provide essential reading for scholars in archaeology and anthropology, and for anyone interested in the interplay between material culture and human social change.