Marjeta Pisk

Prispevek obravnava procese nacionalizacije ljudske kulture, s posebnim poudarkom na ljudski pesemski tradiciji Goriških brd. Procesi nacionalizacije in "kultivacije kulture" so namreč na obmejnih področjih jasneje razvidni in temeljijo predvsem na razločevanju na osnovi jezika in oblik ljudske duhovne kulture.

This article presents three examples of Slovenian–Italian cross-border heritage initiatives. The ZBORZBIRK project linked thirty-four collections from the border area. The Walk of Peace trail from the Alps to the Adriatic connects the most important remnants and monuments of the Isonzo Front in Slovenia and Italy. The municipalities in Brda/Collio are working to nominate the cultural landscape of this area for the UNESCO World Heritage List. The comparison presents the scope of the cross-border initiatives, the actors, their motivations, the actions taken, and their longevity—that is, the imprints in the cultural heritage discourse between the tourism industry and identity politics.

IZVLE^EK V ~lanku je obravnavana etiologija razmaha praznovanj osebnih praznikov-predvsem petdesete in drugih okroglih obletnic rojstva-v zadnjih desetletjih 20. stoletja. Pri tem je posebne pozornostidelèna vloga personificiranega "Abrahama" ter njena povezava s popestritvenim programom (narodno-)zabavnih zasedb. V nadaljevanju so izpostavljeni razli~ni vidiki in pogledi na postavljanje rojstnodnevnih mlajev ter njihove tradicionalne vloge. Klju~ne besede: rojstnodnevna praznovanja, abrahamovanje, 'Abraham', rojstnodnevni mlaji, (narodno-)zabavne zasedbe ABSTRACT The article addresses the etiology of the proliferation of celebrating personal anniversaries-especially fiftieth birthdays and other jubilees-in the last decades of the 20th century. Special attention is dedicated to the role of a personified "Abraham" and its connections with the entertainment programs of folk-pop music bands. The article further describes different aspects and views of settin...

Rokopisne pesmarice so pomemben, a premalo upoštevan vir raziskovanja cerkvenih in ljudskih nabožnih pesmi ter procesa ponarodevanja avtorskih pesmi. V članku so analizirani vzroki za nezanimanje raziskovalcev za to področje in predstavljene dileme žanrskega razmejevanja v rokopisnih pesmaricah, v katerih so zapisane tako avtorske cerkvene kot ljudske pesmi. Vprašanja razmerij med institucionalno religioznim in ljudskim dopolnjujejo prepletanja med pisnim in ustnim.***Manuscript songbooks as a very important source have only partly been taken into account in research on church songs and religious folk songs and in the process of folklorization of art songs. This article analyzes the reasons for researchers’ lack of interest of in this topic, and it presents the problems of genre demarcation in manuscript songbooks, which contain both church songs and folk songs. Discussion of the relations between institutional religious and folk elements are complemented by the interplay between wr...

The trajectories of social actions comprising nature conservation and regional economic development in the Slovenian-Austrian-Hungarian tri-border area discussed in this paper are closely linked to the landscape of the Slovenian-Austrian-Hungarian border. Processual understanding bounds landscape to human activities and other non-human agents, all of whom constitute the landscape-in-the-making. The Őrség National Park and Goričko Landscape Park, as designated nature reserves, are subject to human influences through their protection and, as intrinsically objects of human agency, are rich sites of social production and interaction. The cross-border initiative of the Trilateral Goričko–Raab–Őrség Nature Park is analyzed through the politics of European integration and territorial cooperation in the peripheral regions and their financial programs. Through field research and interviews with social actors, the complexity of the obstacles that hinder the functioning and effective managemen...

... When Matej Hubad found out that Kokošar had left the collection to Pahor, as the former vice president of the committee he asked Pahor for a copy of the collection in 1927. ... Štrekelj, Karel 1898 Slovenske narodne pesmi I (Slovenian Folk Songs I). Ljubljana: Rudolf Milic. ...

The article focuses on short folklore forms recorded in the Gorica Hills (slv. Goriška brda) in the 20th and early 21st centuries, which can be considered as non-linguistic or non-ethnically bound folklore features. The language of these folklore forms is a mixture of the dialectal forms of the contact languages (Slovene, Italian, partly Friulian). Using the examples of the collected material, we analyse in which genres of the short folklore forms multilingualism appears, what function it has and how the characteristics of the territory are reflected in them. We compare sources or parallels in published Slovenian and Italian material, and analyse the material in the context of research on literary children’s folklore in Slovenia. The study of bilingual and multilingual folklore forms from Goriška brda focuses on the question of whether and why multilingualism is best preserved in short folklore forms and especially in children’s folklore.

Marjeta Pisk UDK 398.8(=163.6)"15/18" ZRC SAZU Glasbenonarodopisni inštitut LJUDSKA PESEM MED ZAVEZANOSTJO TRADICIJI IN NENEHNIM SPREMINJANJEM V članku je obravnavano dinamično razmerje med ohranjanjem tradicionalnih zvrsti in motivov ljudskih pesmi ter uvajanjem novih pesmi v obdobju med reformacijo in 19. stoletjem. Na to razmerje so vplivali spreminjajoči se dejavniki konteksta, v katerih so določene tradicije živele in so bile povezane tako z institucionalnimi okviri cerkva kot s splošnimi spremembami v življenju pevcev. Iz tega obdobja so ohranjeni predvsem zapisi nabožnih ljudskih pesmi v rokopisnih in tiskanih pesmaricah, zapisi posvetnih ljudskih pesmi pa so maloštevilni. Poleg omembe zapisov o ljudskopesemski dejavnosti v delih tedanjih piscev je orisano delovanje moritatlerjev, prosjakov in godcev, ki so s prenašanjem novic v obliki pesmi izboljševali svoj materialni položaj. V drugi polovici 18. stoletja se je izoblikovalo tudi prednostno zanimanje slovenske folkloristike za pripovedne pesmi. Ključne besede: ljudska pesem, tradicija, nove pesemske oblike, reformacija, 19. stoletje Ljudska pesem, ki nastane kot stvaritev posameznika in živi v skupnosti ter za katero je značilna pretežno spontana, nešolana, improvizatorična, ustvarjalna ali poustvarjalna dejavnost (Kumer 1988: 98-99), vseskozi niha med dolgoživo tradicijo na eni strani in razvojnim spreminjanjem zvrsti, oblik in melodij na drugi strani (Kumer 1988: 96). Prenašanje iz roda v rod ustvarja tradicionalnost, ki je za ljudsko pesem značilna, ni pa nujna (Kumer 1988: 96), kajti tudi ko pevci zavestno vztrajajo pri ohranitvi sprejetega, je vsaka ponovitev pesmi pravzaprav nova varianta. Ljudsko pesništvo se ohranja s pomočjo žanrskih pravil (Terseglav 1987: 40) in zaradi njegove funkcijske vpetosti v vsakdanje življenje. Posamična ljudska pesem pa živi, če ohranja pomembno vlogo v ritualnih praksah skupnosti ali če ima privlačno vsebino in je spevna ter jo sprejme širša skupnost.

Rokopisne pesmarice so pomemben, a premalo upoštevan vir raziskovanja cerkvenih in ljudskih nabožnih pesmi ter procesa ponarodevanja avtorskih pesmi. V članku so analizirani vzroki za nezanimanje raziskovalcev za to področje in predstavljene dileme žanrskega razmejevanja v rokopisnih pesmaricah, v katerih so zapisane tako avtorske cerkvene kot ljudske pesmi. Vprašanja razmerij med institucionalno religioznim in ljudskim dopolnjujejo prepletanja med pisnim in ustnim. Ključne besede: rokopisne pesmarice, cerkvene pesmi, ljudske pesmi, ustno in pisno, dediščina Manuscript songbooks as a very important source have only partly been taken into account in research on church songs and religious folk songs and in the process of folklorization of art songs. This article analyzes the reasons for researchers' lack of interest of in this topic, and it presents the problems of genre demarcation in manuscript songbooks, which contain both church songs and folk songs. Discussion of the relations between institutional religious and folk elements are complemented by the interplay between written and oral material. Rokopisne pesmarice, v katerih so bile zapisane tako pesmi, ki so se pele med (katoliškimi) bogoslužji, kot paraliturgične pesmi, romarske pesmi, pesmi na čast svetnikov in druge pesmi, ki so izraz vernosti ljudi in njihovega sodelovanja v katoliških verskih praksah, so bile kljub svoji številčnosti deležne le parcialnih obravnav (Kumer). Članek 1 se zato osredinja na rokopisne pesmarice kot pomemben vir raziskav in prikazuje kompleksnost razlogov, zakaj to obsežno presečišče institucionalnega in neinstitucionalnega, avtorskega in ljudskega ter pisnega in ustnega ni bilo deležno poglobljenih raziskav (prim. Leydi 1995: 228). S tem želi zapolniti vrzel v dosedanjih raziskavah folkloristike, ki je sicer obravnavala številna druga presečišča ljudske in umetne oz. popularne glasbe (npr. Muršič 2000; Golež Kaučič 2003; Kozorog 2010; Traditiones 2014), in literarne vede in pokazati, kako množica ohranjenih rokopisnih pesmaric, v katerih so zapisane tudi ljudske pesmi, odraža spreminjajoči se peti repertoar v posamičnih obdobjih, razširjenost različnih tradicij in geografsko razprostranjenost slovenskih pesmi po širšem ozemlju različnih škofij. V zapisanem repertoarju se izrisujejo estetika, ki je prevladovala v času nastanka pesmaric, prehajanje formalnih in strukturalnih načinov tako iz ljudskih k umetnim glasbenim praksam (Leydi 1995: 183) kakor tudi nasprotno. Z analizo kronologije zapisov pa se kažejo viri določene pesmi-tudi v tujejzičnih, predvsem 1 Raziskava je bila izvedena v okviru raziskovalnih projektov Spomini religioznega v arhivih ljudske glasbe (N6-0044) in Pesemski odsevi medkulturnega sobivanja (J6-9369) ter raziskovalnega programa Dediščina na obrobjih. Novi pogledi na dediščino in identiteto znotraj in onkraj nacionalnega (P5-0408), ki jih iz državnega proračuna sofinancira Javna agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije.

Folk songs have long been perceived as national identity markers. In Central Europe, the research of folk singing was closely linked to the national movements of the nineteenth century. Bilingual folksongs or singing in "non-national" language were omitted from the field of folklore as non-coherent practices. This paper presents a historical analysis that focuses on singing in "national" and "non-national" language in Goriška brda (the Gorizia Hills) and Venetian Slovenia along today's Slovenian-Italian border. Changing borders and people belonging to different state formations have influenced the changing social and cultural contexts and thus the use of language(s) in songs. The normality of the coexistence of different linguistic groups in border regions has long been reflected in (folk) songs even during intense political situations. Today, the Slovenian language is often used in (folk) singing in Venetian Slovenia as a heritage language.

... When Matej Hubad found out that Kokošar had left the collection to Pahor, as the former vice president of the committee he asked Pahor for a copy of the collection in 1927. ... Štrekelj, Karel 1898 Slovenske narodne pesmi I (Slovenian Folk Songs I). Ljubljana: Rudolf Milic. ...

... When Matej Hubad found out that Kokošar had left the collection to Pahor, as the former vice president of the committee he asked Pahor for a copy of the collection in 1927. ... Štrekelj, Karel 1898 Slovenske narodne pesmi I (Slovenian Folk Songs I). Ljubljana: Rudolf Milic. ...