PX5072 - POWER ELECTRONICS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
UNIT III POWER ELECTRONICS FOR SOLAR
Topic : Block diagram of solar photo voltaic system
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DC to DC Converter&
MPPT controller
Block Diagram of Solar PV System
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What is solar PV system?
Solar photovoltaic system or Solar power system is one of renewable energy system which
uses PV modules to convert sunlight into electricity. The electricity generated can be either
stored or used directly, fed back into grid line or combined with one or more other electricity
generators or more renewable energy source. Solar PV system is very reliable and clean source
of electricity that can suit a wide range of applications such as residence, industry, agriculture,
etc.
Major system components
Solar PV system includes different components that should be selected according to your system type, site
location and applications. The major components for solar PV system are solar charge controller, inverter,
battery bank, auxiliary energy sources and loads (appliances).
PV module, Solar charge controller , Inverter ,Battery Load , and Auxiliary energy sources
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major component and cost of a PV system is the solar array, several other
components are typically needed. These include:
1. Solar array
PV System is made up of a number of individual photovoltaic modules (or panels) usually of 12 volts with
power outputs of between 50 and 100+ watts each. These PV modules are then combined into a single
array to give the desired power output.
2. Charge Controller
DC to DC converter & MPPT controller: A charge controller regulates and controls the output from the
solar array to prevent the batteries from being over charged (or over discharged) by dissipating the excess
power into a load resistance.
3. Batteries: Batteries are an important element in any PV system .Batteries are used to store the solar-
produced electricity for night time or emergency use during the day. Depending upon the solar array
configuration, battery banks can be of 12V, 24V or 48V and many hundreds of amperes in total.
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4. Fuses and Isolation Switches:
These allow PV installations to be protected from accidental shorting of wires allowing power from
the PV modules and system to be turned “OFF” when not required saving energy and improving
battery life.
5. Inverter: Inverters are used to convert the 12V, 24V or 48 Volts direct current (DC) power from
the solar array and batteries into an alternating current (AC) electricity and power of either 120 VAC
or 240 VAC( Single phase ) 415 VAC ( Three phase) for use in the home to power AC mains
appliances such as TV’s, washing machines, freezers, etc.
6. Wiring: The final component required in and PV solar system is the electrical wiring. The cables
need to be correctly rated for the voltage and power requirements.
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Classifications of PV system
(a) Stand Alone system – one which is not connected to the power grid
(b) Grid connected PV system – In contrast, PV is connected `to the power grid
(c) Hybrid PV system - could be stand alone or grid connected type, but have at least on more source other
than PV
Stand alone PY system configuration
1. Type a – unregulated stand- alone system with DC load
2. Type b – regulated stand -alone system with DC load
3. Type c – regulated stand -alone system with Battery and DC load
4. Type d – regulated stand -alone system with Battery and Ac and DC loads
5. Type e – regulated Hybrid stand -alone system with battery and AC and DC load Loads
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Design of PV- Powered DC Pump
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Basic Terms associated with a water pumping system
1. Daily water requirement (Liter/day or cubic meter /day)
2. Total dynamic head (THD) ( meters)
3. Frictional loss (equivalent meters)
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