LNT-SPV-06

In a multi-specialty hospital located at Vellore (Tamil Nadu), with various loads under operation
as shown in the table. And 5% of daily energy requirements need to be catered from Solar PV
System. For this building, design a grid-connected Solar PV System. The building has got
sufficient area to install the panels.
S.No Area Load (kW) Duration(hrs)
1 Medical Equipment 1000 6
2 Lighting 600 12
3 HVAC Loads 2000 12
4 Elevator, Escalator 200 6
5 Other Equipment 400 5
[Assume 15% losses in Solar PV System and 20% safety margin for Inverter]

For the same, design an off-grid system with an autonomy of 2 days.

[Assume 15% losses in battery with 80% deep discharge factor].

Note: Any missing data can be assumed with relevance.

Task-1:
Selected PV module of 400Wp JA Solar JAM72-S10-400-PR make.
Build a suitable MATLAB/Simulink block diagram and examine its characteristics under:
i) Constant Temperature and Variable Irradiance
ii) Constant Irradiance and Variable Temperature
Task-2:
Compute the manual calculations for the given demand in on-grid system and estimate
i) number of PV modules
ii) Peak Sun Hours
iii) Inverter Sizing (Central Inverter)
iv) Number panels in series
v) Number of strings
Compute the manual calculations for the given demand in off-grid system and estimate
i) number of PV modules
ii) Inverter Sizing (Central Inverter)
iii) Battery Capacity
iv) Number panels in series
v) Number of Strings
vi) Number of batteries in series and parallel
Considering PV module of 400Wp JA Solar JAM72-S10-400-PR make, Central Inverter of Ingeteam
Sun Power 500 M275 Indoor make, charge controller of 48V and battery 12V, 200Ah.

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

 Task-3:
Design an on-grid PV system using SAM Software for the given power demand choosing PV Module
400Wp JA Solar JAM72-S10-400-PR and Central Inverter of Ingeteam Sun Power 500 M275
Indoor.
Obtain a detailed report with
i) Number of PV Modules
ii) Inverter Selection
iii) Number of Strings
iv) Annual Energy Yield

Task-4:
Design an on-grid PV system using PVSyst Software for the given power demand choosing PV Module
400Wp JA Solar JAM72-S10-400-PR and Central Inverter of Ingeteam Sun Power 500 M275
Indoor.
Obtain a detailed report with
i) Number of PV Modules
ii) Inverter Selection
iii) Number of Strings
iv) Annual Energy Yield
v) Area Required
vi) Also examine with near shading analysis with scene construction (consider Few Trees,
Transmission line tower etc.,)

Task-5:
Design a PV system with a Boost Converter using MATLAB/Simulink and examine its performance.
For the PV make 400Wp JA Solar JAM72-S10-400-PR, choose the number of parallel strings and
number of series connected modules as calculated in Task-2 (on-grid system). Design a boost converter
with a duty ratio of 50% for the PV system and hence determine the following for constant and varying
irradiation. [Assume a switching frequency of 25kHz and load resistance of 10 ohm]
i) PV Voltage
ii) PV Current
iii) PV Power
iv) Load Voltage
v) Load Current
vi) Output Power

Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

 LNT-SPV-06-Task 1

Solar PV Module Make:

400Wp JA Solar JAM72-S10-400-PR make.

Solar PV Array Configuration:

1 Parallel string with 1 Series connected modules per string.

Load Resistance, R = 10 ohm

a) MATLAB Model for a single PV Cell Simulation
Current Versus Voltage (IV) Characteristics

Power Versus Voltage (PV) Characteristics

a) MATLAB Model for PV Array Simulation
PV Cell Characteristics (IV Curves and PV Curves)
a) Constant Temperature of 250C and Varying Irradiance of 1000 W/m2, 750 W/m2,
500 W/m2, 250 W/m2, 100 W/m2
b) Constant Irradiance of 1000 W/m2 with Varying Temperature of 60 0C, 450C,
350C, 250C, 100C
 TASK -2
Load(kW) Hours(Hrs) Energy(kWh)
Medical Equipment 1000 6 6000
Lighting 600 12 7200
HVAC Loads 2000 12 24000
Elevator, Escalator 200 6 1200
Other Equipment 400 5 2000
Total Energy Consumed in a day 40400

Solar PV System can Cater 0.05

Total Energy consumed in day 40400 kWh
Solar PV is capable of supplying 5% of total connected load power requirement 2020 kWh
Number of Peak Sun Hours (location: Vellore) ref: Weather forecasting portal 5.31 h/day
Solar Panel Power Capacity 380 kW
By Considering 15% losses in the solar PV System 447 kW
Required Solar Panel Power Capacity 447 kW

# Sensitivity: LNT Construction Internal Use

 Design of on-grid Solar PV System
S.No Description Value Units
Total Energy consumed in day 40400 kWh
Solar PV is capable of supplying 5% of total connected load power requirement 2020 kWh

i Peak Sun Hours

Number of Peak Sun Hours (location: Vellore) ref: Weather forecasting portal 5.31 h/day
www.footprinthero.com

Solar Panel Power Capacity 380 kWp

By Considering 15% losses in the solar PV System 447 kWp
Target Solar Capacity 447 kWp

ii Number of PV Modules Required

Selected PV Panel Make JA solar JAM72-
S10-400-PR
Maximum Power(Pmax) 400 Wp
Maximum Voltage(Vmp) 41.17 V
Open Circuit Voltage(Voc) 49.5 V
Maximum Current(Imp) 9.72 A
Short Circuit Current(Isc) 10.26 A
Total Number of Panels 1118 panels

iii Inverter Sizing

Solar Panel Power Capacity 380 kWp
Inverter Capacity with safety margin of 1.2 456 kW
Inverter Make Ingeteam 500
M275 Indoor
(Pg. 45 refer)
Inverter Power 519 kW
Inverter Minimum Voltage 443 V
Inverter Maximum Voltage 820 V
Maximum Current 1200 A
Number of Inverters required 1

iv Number panels in series

Operating Voltage 820 V
Number of Series Panels(Operating voltage/Voc) 17
Number of panels in a string 17

v Number of strings
Number of parallel strings(total panels/no of panels in string) 66

Sum of the short circuit currents from all the parallel strings 677 A
(Number of Parllel strings*Isc)
 Design of off-grid Solar PV System
S.No Description Value Units
Energy consumed by all the critical loads in a day 40400 kWh/day
Solar PV is capable of supplying 5% of total connected load power requirement 2020 kWh

i Battery Sizing Calculation

Battery Voltage 12 V
Battery Rating 200 Ah
Battery Losses 15 %
Depth of Discharge(DoD) 80 %
By accounting for 15% losses in battery, and 80% deep discharge factor, 2971 kWh
power required by battery
Number of days of Autonomy 2 days
total energy to be delivered by battery pack 5942 kWh
Battery Capacity(Total Energy/Battery Voltage) 495 kAh
Number of Batteries required 2475

ii Peak Sun Hours

Number of Peak Sun Hours (location: Vellore) ref: Weather forecasting portal 5.31 h/day
www.footprinthero.com

Solar Panel Power Capacity 1119 kWp

By Considering 15% losses in the solar PV System 1316 kWp
Target Solar Capacity 1316 kWp

iii Number of PV Modules Required

JA solar JAM72-
Selected PV Panel Make S10-400-PR
Maximum Power(Pmax) 400 Wp
Maximum Voltage(Vmp) 41.17 V
Open Circuit Voltage(Voc) 49.5 V
Maximum Current(Imp) 9.72 A
Short Circuit Current(Isc) 10.26 A
Total Number of Panels 3290 panels

iv Inverter Sizing
Solar Panel Power Capacity 1119 kWp
Inverter Capacity with safety margin of 1.2 1343 kW

ABB PVS800
MWS 1 to
Inverter Make 1.25MW inverter
Inverter Power 1250 kW
Inverter Minimum Voltage 525 V
Inverter Maximum Voltage 825 V
Maximum Current 2290 A
Number of Inverters required 1

v Number panels in series

Optimised Voltage 825 V
 Number of Series Panels(Operating voltage/Voc) 17
Number of panels in a string 17

vi Number of strings
Number of parallel strings(total panels/no of panels in string) 194

Sum of the short circuit currents from all the parallel strings 1990 A
(Number of Parllel strings*Isc)

vii Number of batteries in series

Battery Control Voltage 48 V
Number of batteries in series 4
Number of batteries in parallel strings 619
 System Advisor Model Report
Detailed Photovoltaic 445 DC kW Nameplate 12.89, 79.14
Commercial $1.72/W Installed Cost UTC +5
Performance Model Financial Model
Modules Project Costs
JA Solar JAM72S10-400/PR Total installed cost $764,233
Cell material Mono-c-Si Salvage value $0
Module area 1.95 m² Analysis Parameters
Module capacity 400.46 DC Watts Project life 25 years
Quantity 1,110 Inflation rate 2.5%
Total capacity 444.52 DC kW Real discount rate 6.4%
Total area 2,164 m²
Project Debt Parameters
Inverters Debt fraction 100%
Custom (Inverter Datasheet Model) Amount $764,233
Unit capacity 519 AC kW Term 25 years
Input voltage 820 DC V Rate 4%
Quantity 1
Total capacity 519 AC kW Tax and Insurance Rates
DC to AC Capacity Ratio 0.86 Federal income tax 21 %/year
AC losses (%) 0.00 State income tax 7 %/year
Sales tax (% of indirect cost basis) 5%
Array Insurance (% of installed cost) 0 %/year
Strings 74 Property tax (% of assessed val.) 0 %/year
Modules per string 15
String Voc (DC V) 742.50 Incentives
Tilt (deg from horizontal) 12.89 Federal ITC 26%
Azimuth (deg E of N) 180 Electricity Demand and Rate Summary
Tracking no Annual peak demand 274.2 kW
Backtracking - Annual total demand 726,208 kWh
Self shading no Generic Commercial
Rotation limit (deg) - Fixed charge: $30/month
Shading no Monthly excess with kWh rollover
Snow no Tiered TOU energy rates: 4 periods, 1 tier
Soiling yes Monthly TOU demand rates with tiers
DC losses (%) 4.44 Results
Performance Adjustments Nominal LCOE 2.5 cents/kWh
Availability/Curtailment none Net present value $253,100
Degradation none Payback period 11.6 years
Hourly or custom losses none
Annual Results (in Year 1)
GHI kWh/m²/day 5.31
POA kWh/m²/day 127.00
Net to inverter 727,000 DC kWh
Net to grid 691,000 AC kWh
Capacity factor 17.7
Performance ratio 0.78

System Advisor Model Standard Report generated by SAM 2021.12.2 on Sat Sep 2 12:23:29 2023 1/3
Detailed Photovoltaic 445 DC kW Nameplate 12.89, 79.14
Commercial $1.72/W Installed Cost UTC +5
Year 1 Monthly Generation and Load Summary
Electricity from System
80
Thousand kWh

0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Load
80
Thousand kWh

0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Year 1 Monthly Electric Bill and Savings ($)
Month Without System With System Savings
Jan 7,515 4,776 2,739
Feb 6,751 4,071 2,680
Mar 7,337 3,714 3,623
Apr 7,555 3,617 3,938
May 9,090 4,264 4,826
Jun 10,654 5,797 4,856
Jul 11,875 6,524 5,350
Aug 11,578 6,154 5,423
Sep 9,727 5,051 4,676
Oct 8,756 4,812 3,944
Nov 6,793 4,369 2,423
Dec 6,977 4,457 2,520
Annual 104,614 57,611 47,003

NPV Approximation using Annuities

Annuities, Capital Recovery Factor (CRF) = 0.1023 Investment = Installed Cost - Debt Principal - IBI - CBI
Investment $-0 Sum: Expenses = Operating Costs + Debt Payments
Expenses $-57,600 $25,800 Savings = Tax Deductions + PBI
Savings $41,300 NPV = Sum / CRF: Energy value = Tax Adjusted Net Savings
Energy value $42,100 $253,000 Nominal discount rate = 9.06%
Payback Cash Flow (Payback Period = 11.6 years)
500
Thousand $

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

-500

Year

System Advisor Model Standard Report generated by SAM 2021.12.2 on Sat Sep 2 12:23:29 2023 2/3
Detailed Photovoltaic 445 DC kW Nameplate 12.89, 79.14
Commercial $1.72/W Installed Cost UTC +5
Nominal POA irradiance (kWh)
4,303,078
Shading
-0 %

Soiling
-5 %

Reflection (IAM)
-1.723 %

Bifacial
-0 %

Nominal DC electricity (kWh)

825,051
Snow
-0 %

Module deviation from STC

-7.774 %

Inverter MPPT clipping

-0 %

Module mismatch
-2 %

Diodes and connections

-0.5 %

DC wiring
-2 %

Tracking error
-0 %

Nameplate
-0 %

DC power optimizer
-0 %

DC availability and curtailment

-0 %

DC Lifetime daily losses- year one

-0 %

Net DC electricity (kWh)

727,125
Inverter power clipping
-0 %

Inverter power consumption

-0 %

Inverter nighttime consumption

-0 %

Inverter efficiency
-4 %

Gross AC electricity (kWh)

698,035
AC wiring
-1 %

Transformer loss
-0 %

Transmission loss
-0 %

AC Lifetime daily losses- year one

-0 %

AC Availability and curtailment

-0 %

Net AC electricity to grid (kWh)

691,055

Commercial | Flat Plate PV | Simple Efficiency Module Model | Sandia Inverter Database
System Advisor Model Standard Report generated by SAM 2021.12.2 on Sat Sep 2 12:23:29 2023 3/3
 LNT-SPV-06-Task 5

Solar PV Module Make:

400Wp JA Solar JAM72-S10-400-PR make
Solar PV Array Configuration:
66 Parallel string with 17 Series connected modules per string.

Design of Boost Converter

Duty Ratio = 50% = 0.5

Switching Frequency = 25kHz

Load Resistance = 10 ohm

Lmin = D(1-D)2R / 2fs = 0.5(1–0.5)2 10 / 2 x 25k = 25 H

Assume 25% safety margin for L (for inductor current to be continuous)

Lactual = 1.25 x Lmin = 1.25 x 25H = 31.3 H

C = D / R (Ripple Factor) fs = 0.5 / (10 x (0.05) (25x103)) = 40F

Capacitance connected across PV array = 100F (to suppress input voltage ripple
and filter ripple current).
a) MATLAB Model for PV Array with Boost Converter (for Constant
Irradiation)

PV Output Voltage for Constant Irradiation of 1000 W/m2

Boost Converter Output Voltage for Constant Irradiation of 1000 W/m2

b) MATLAB Model for PV Array with Boost Converter (for Varying
Irradiation)

PV Output Voltage for Varying Irradiation

Boost Converter Output Voltage for Varying Irradiation