Section 10.
1
Intermolecular Forces
How can a gecko’s feet stick to
almost any surface?
Section 10.1
Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular forces are the attractive
force or interaction between molecules.
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Section 10.1
Intermolecular Forces
Intramolecular Bonding
“Within” the molecule.
Molecules are formed by sharing
electrons between the atoms.
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Section 10.1
Intermolecular Forces
Section 10.1
Intermolecular Forces
Four kinds of Intermolecular Forces
Hydrogen Bond
Dipole-Dipole Force
Ion-Dipole Force
Dispersion or London Force
Section 10.1
Intermolecular Forces
Hydrogen Bonding
Strong dipole-dipole forces.
Hydrogen is bound to a highly electronegative atom
– nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.
That same hydrogen is then electrostatically
attracted to a lone pair on the nitrogen, oxygen or
fluorine on adjacent molecules.
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Section 10.1
Intermolecular Forces
Hydrogen Bonding in Water
Blue dotted lines are the intermolecular forces between
the water molecules.
Section 10.1
Intermolecular Forces
Dipole-Dipole Forces
Dipole moment – molecules with polar bonds often
behave in an electric field as if they had a center of
positive charge and a center of negative charge.
Molecules with dipole moments can attract each
other electrostatically. They line up so that the
positive and negative ends are close to each other.
Only about 1% as strong as covalent or ionic bonds.
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Section 10.1
Intermolecular Forces
Dipole-Dipole Forces
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Section 10.1
Intermolecular Forces
Ion-Dipole Forces
Ions have full charges that are attracted to
the partial charge on polar molecules.
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Section 10.1
Intermolecular Forces
Ion-Dipole Forces
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Section 10.1
Intermolecular Forces
London Dispersion Forces
Instantaneous dipole that occurs
accidentally in a given atom induces a
similar dipole in a neighboring atom.
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Section 10.1
Intermolecular Forces
London Dispersion Forces
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