ACTIVITY
Instruction: Decode the following numbers into letters.
9 15 14 – 4 9 16 15 12 5 6 15 18 3 5 19
8 25 4 18 15 7 5 14 2 15 14 4 9 14 7
4 9 16 15 12 5-4 9 16 15 12 5
12 15 14 4 15 14 6 15 18 3 5 19
ACTIVITY
Answers:
ION-DIPOLE FORCES
HYDROGEN BONDING
DIPOLE-DIPOLE
LONDON FORCES
ANALYSIS
1. How do you find the activity?
2. What can you say about the set
words that you have decoded?
Types
of
Intermolecular
Forces
Intra- vs. Inter-
Intra-: inward
– Ex. Intradermal, Intravenous
Inter-: between or among
– Ex. Interstate, International
Intramolecular forces act within a
molecule.
– Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding
Intermolecular forces act between
molecules.
– London dispersion, dipole-dipole interactions,
ion-dipole interactions, and Hydrogen bonding
Intramolecular vs. Intermolecular
Forces - Similarities
Attractive forces
Force due to electron sharing
(charge)
Affect spatial arrangements of atoms
and molecules, respectively
Intramolecular vs. Intermolecular
Forces - Differences
Intramolecular Intermolecular
Forces Forces
Strong Weak
Act within molecules Act between molecules
Persist for life of More brief in life of
molecule molecule
Not strongly effected by Strongly effected by
physical changes physical changes
Stabilize individual Responsible for bulk
molecules properties of matter
Intermolecular Forces
London dispersion forces
Dipole-dipole forces
Hydrogen bonding
Ion-dipole forces
London dispersion forces
Weakest
intermolecular force
Only attractive force
between non-polar
molecules
Created from
temporary fluctuations
in electron density
around atoms
The larger the
molecule, the greater https://www.chem.unsw.edu.au/coursenotes/CHEM1/
nonunipass/hainesIMF/dispersion.html
the dispersion force.
London dispersion forces
Why don’t oil and water mix?
Dipole
In polar molecules electrons are not
equally shared between atoms.
In areas of the electron cloud where
electrons are more likely to be found, a
“dipole” is formed. This end of the
molecular has a partial negative charge.
The opposing side of the molecule will
have a partial positive charge.
These molecules are “polar”.
Dipole
Example: HCl Example: H2O
δ -
Cl δ δ -
O
-
H δ+ H H+
δ +
δ
Images modified from: http://employees.csbsju.edu/hjakubowski/classes/ch123/ch123ch2mcmfay5th.htm
Dipole-Dipole Forces
Attractive force
between neutral,
polar molecules
(molecules that
possess a dipole).
The larger the
dipole, the greater
the force.
Animation
Image modified from: http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~itl/2041_u01/lectures/lec_g.html
Ion-Dipole Forces
Interaction between
charged molecule
(ion) and polar
molecule (dipole).
Strength depends on
charge and size of ion
and magnitude and
size of dipole
– Cations interact more
strongly with dipoles
than anions.
Image from: http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/iondip.html
Hydrogen Bonding
Permanent
dipole-dipole
A H B interaction
Only occurs in
Where A and B are F, N, or O
molecules
containing H-F,
H-N, or H-O
bonds
Hydrogen Bonding of Water
Hydrogen Bonding of Water
Snowflakes
Name Rank of Ion Polar or Is H Example
of strength involved? nonpolar involved?
force molecules
?
Londo 4 No Both No Oil and
n (strongest water
disper for
sion nonpolar)
forces
Dipole 3 No Polar No Alcohol
-dipole in water
forces
Ion- 1 Yes Polar No Salt in
dipole water
forces
Hydro 2 No Polar Yes Water
gen
bondin
“Like dissolves like”
To be soluble a compound must
interact with the solute by:
– Dipole-dipole forces
– Ion-dipole forces
– London dispersion forces
Polar solutes dissolve in polar
solutions
Non-polar solutes dissolve in non-
polar solutions
Name Rank of Ion Polar or Is H Example
of strength involved? nonpolar involved
force molecules ?
?
Both Oil and
(strongest water
for
nonpolar)
Polar Alcohol
in water
Polar Salt in
water
Polar Water
Summary
Image from: http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~itl/2041_u01/lectures/lec_g.html
Application
Task: Each group will have to determine the type of
intermolecular forces in compounds.
Compounds IMF
NaCl
H2
HF
Quiz
In your quiz notebook describe the general types
of intermolecular forces.
Assignment
Explain the effects of intermolecular forces
on the properties of substances.
