Week 4: Exercises

Date: October 7, 2024

Exercise 1.
1. Find the limit: lim x1/(1+ln x) .
x→∞
R2 2
2. Evaluate the integral: 0 xe−x dx.
3. Evaluate the indefinite integral: (x+1)(x+2)
R
x2
dx.

Solution 1.
1. We have lim x1/(1+ln x) = lim e(ln x)/(1+ln x) . Now lim (ln x)/(1 + ln x) = 1, so lim x1/(1+ln x) =
x→∞ x→∞ x→∞ x→∞
e.
2. Substitute u = x2 , du = 2xdx, to get
1 − e−4
Z 2
1 4 −u
Z
−x2 1 4
xe dx = e du = − e−u = .
0 2 0 2 0 2
3.
Z Z
(x + 1)(x + 2)
dx = 1 + 3x−1 + 2x−2 dx = x + 3 ln x − 2/x + C.
x2

Exercise 2. Compute the indefinite integral:

R √
(a). x 2x + 1dx;
R 1
(b). 1+e x dx;
R x
(c). e cos xdx

Solution 2. (a). We let u = 2x + 1, then du = 2dx and x = (u − 1)/2. Therefore,

√ √ 1
Z Z
1
x 2x + 1dx = (u − 1) u du (1)
2 2
Z
1
= u3/2 − u1/2 du (2)
4
1 2 2
= ( u5/2 − u3/2 ) + C (3)
4 5 3
1 1
= (2x + 1) − (2x + 1)3/2 + C
5/2
(4)
10 6

1
 (b). We let u = e−x , then du = −e−x dx. Hence,
e−x
Z Z
1
dx = dx (5)
1 + ex 1 + e−x
Z
du
=− (6)
1+u
= − ln(u + 1) + C = − ln(1 + e−x ) + C (7)
(c). We let u = ex and dv = cos xdx, then du = ex dx and v = sin x,
Z Z
e cos xdx = e sin x − ex sin xdx
x x
(8)
We use the integral by parts for the second term. We let u = ex and v = sin xdx, then du = ex dx
and v = − cos x. Combining with Eq. (8), we have
Z  Z 
x x x x
e cos xdx = e sin x − −e cos x − e (− cos x)dx (9)
Therefore,
ex sin x + ex cos x
Z
ex cos xdx = +C (10)
2

Exercise 3. Investigate the convergence of the following series:

P∞ (−1)n
(a). n=1
√ ;
n
P∞ 1
(b). n=2 n(ln n)2
P∞ x n


(c). n=1 n! n , x > 0

Solution 3.
P∞ (−1)n
(a). Note that √ is an alternating series, √1 is decreasing and √1 → 0. Therefore, it is
n=1 n n n
convergent by alternating series test.
1
(b). Note that n(ln n)2
> 0. Let
1
f (t) = , (11)
t(ln t)2
and
Z ∞ Z ∞ ∞
1 1 1
f (t)dt = 2
dt = − = < ∞. (12)
2 2 t(ln t) ln t 2 ln 2
By the integral test, this series is convergent.
(c).
x n+1
an+1 (n + 1)!( n+1 ) x x
= x n = 1 n → e, (13)


an n! n (1 + n )
Notice that {(1 + n1 )n } is increasing:
!n+1
1 1 1 + n(1 + n1 ) 1 n+1
(1 + )n = (1 + )n · 1 < = (1 + ) (14)
n n n+1 n+1

2
 √ x1 +···+xn
(Due to n x1 x2 . . . xn ≤ n ) If x = e, then
an+1 e
= ≥1 (15)
an (1 + n1 )n
and a1 = e, an 9 0.
If 0 < x < e, the series converges; if x ≥ e, the series diverges.