‫‪E L112‬‬

‫‪Final‬‬

‫‪English Communication Skills I - Lecture 1‬‬

‫‪Aya Nasser‬‬
‫للس تفسارإعنإلكإماإيتعلقإابملادإةإتواصلإمبارشةإمعإا ألس تا إذةإاي إه‪:‬إ‪+965 51049434‬‬
‫إ‬

‫لوكيشن المعهد ‪Jabriya - Block 1B - St. 4 - Building 124 - 1st Floor -‬‬

‫أرقام التواصل ‪Tel: +965 51049434 | +965 51086770 -‬‬

 :‫تعليمات هامة جدا‬
‫ حيث ان هذه المذكرة ال تحتوي حاليا على االسئلو التي تأتي كوبي بيست وانما‬،‫هذه المذكرة يجب ان تدرس مع الشرح‬
‫ حيث ان المنهج الدراسي قد تغير و بالتالي سوف تتغير االسالة‬.‫اسالة تدريبية و يجب على الطالب ان يرى الشرح ايضا‬
.‫ايضا‬

First: grammar
Present simple:
I – you – we – they + verb with no ‘s’
I play football = I do not play football.

He – she – it + verb with ‘s’

He plays football = he doesn’t play football

The bread …………..on the table. Take as much as you want.

a. Were
b. Is
c. Are
d. Was

Barbara works for a company which……….furniture.

a. Makes
b. Making
c. Made

They must be at the sports ground now. They usually…………..

a. Have been playing
b. Play
c. Are playing

Websites that help students to find scholarships to study abroad………

a- Which are not very reliable
b- Are not very reliable
c- They are not very reliable

Verb collocations:
Out tutorial has been put…………..until next week.
a. Of
b. Out

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 c. On
d. Off

The teacher makes every falling student………..the assignment.

a. Repeats
b. Repeating
c. To repeat
d. Repeat

At the end of this representation, I would like to sum………..my assignment.

a. For
b. Up
c. To
d. Down

I am tired of…………..nothing but bad news.

a. Hear
b. Hearing
c. To hear

He suggested………..to Spain for Christmas holidays.

a- To going
b- Going
c- Racing

She agreed………..us next week.

a- To visiting
b- To visit
c- Visiting

To be able to fit in a new country. You should deal…………all sorts of people.

a- To
b- For
c- With

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Possessives:
These books belong to you, I am sure they are…………
a. Your
b. Yours’
c. Yours
d. You’re

When conditionals:
When his father came home, Majid………to his friend.
a. Has talking
b. Was talking
c. Talking

When + past simple, past continuous

When we were at the amusement park, …………………………….

a. The children have enjoyed particularly the bumper cars.
b. We supervised the children on the automated train ride
c. Some of the machines there seem really dangerous
d. I usually allow my son a ride on the toy train after shopping

When I was learning to drive, I …………..with my parents.

a. Was living
b. Live
c. Am living
When + past continuous, past continuous

She’ll call you when she………..home.

a. ‘ll get
b. Get
c. Gets

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 When + present simple, will + inf.

Modal verbs:
Can/could = ability/ permission
Must = obligation
Should = advice
Will = promise
Deduction:
Must = something must be true
Can’t/couldn’t soothing can’t be true
May/might = something might be true
This parking is for buses only. Cars. ……………park somewhere else.
a. Could
b. Must
c. Should
d. May

Children ………..watch television so often.

a. Shouldn’t
b. Must
c. Should

…………………participate more in class if I want higher marks.

a. I have to participate more in class if I want higher marks.
b. I should to participate more in class if I want higher marks
c. I don’t have to participate more in class if I want higher marks
.
Magi: don’t worry. We………you some money.
a. Are lending
b. Will lend
c. Are going to lend
d. Lend

We…………climb that tree when we were kids.

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 a. We should climb that tree when we were kids.
b. We could climb that tree when we were kids
c. We can climb that tree when we were kids.

Present continuous:
We ……….with friends until we find a place of our own.
a. Stay
b. Are staying
c. Have been

I usually study in the evenings, but today I ……………tv.

a. Watch
b. Am watch
c. Am watching

Prices ……….nowadays; it doesn’t seem it will stop rising anytime soon.

a- Soaring
b- Soars
c- Are soaring

Am/is/are + verb with -ing

I = am
He-she-it = is
You-we-they = are

Present perfect continuous:

So, what……..since I last saw you? What’s new?
a. Have you been doing
b. You have been doing
c. You have done

I’m a bit worried about Malcom. He has been………strange lately.

a. Act
b. Acted
c. Acting

Have/has + been + verb with -ing

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Present perfect:
Our sales…………in the recent five years and are still going up.
a- Increase
b- Increased
c- Have increased
Have/has + verb 3

Question tag:

Sally goes to hospital at night……………?

a. Isn’t she
b. Doesn’t she
c. Does she

Henry hasn’t driven a truck,…………?

a. Has he
b. Hasn’t he
c. Does he

You can speak English,………?

a. Couldn’t you
b. Can’t you
c. Don’t you

Reported speech:

Choose the correct reported statement; Flower ‘I was ill for three days’.
a. Flower said she had been ill for three days.
b. Flower said she has been ill for three days
c. Flower said she was ill for three days.

Choose the correct reported sentence.

a. He asked me what my name was
b. He asked me what was my name
c. He asked me what my name is

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She……….if I have finished my homework.
a. Told
b. Said
c. Asked

Past simple:
We …………….all the books we had yesterday.
a- Sold
b- Selling
c- Sell

Past perfect:

By the time he was ten years old, he……………all over the world.
a. Have travelled
b. Had travelled
c. Has travelled

I was broke because I ………..all my money on clothes.

a. Have spent
b. Had spent
c. Was spending

My friend ................... as a teacher for three years before she delivered her first baby.
a. Worked
b. Had worked
c. Works
Had + v3
Key words: because – before – after – as soon as – when – by the time

Going to:

What…………do next summer?

a. Will you
b. Are you going to
c. Going you to

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Subject + verb to be (am-is-are) + going to + verb in inf.
I = am/ he-she-it = is/ you-we-they = are

He is going to go to the cinema?

Wh-word + verb to be + subject + going to + verb in inf,

What is he going to do?

If conditional:

We will finish the work if he …… us

a. Paid
b. Pays
c. Has paid

I ……..this apartment if I had money.

a- Will buy
b- Would have bought
c- Would buy

If you…………..to my advice, you would not be in this terrible position.

a- Would listen
b- Listened
c- Listen
If you can’t sleep, you ............... drink coffee begore you go to bed
a. If you can’t sleep, you should drink coffee begore you go to bed
b. If you can’t sleep, you shouldn’t drink coffee begore you go to bed
c. If you can’t sleep, you don’t have to drink coffee begore you go to bed

Water…….if it boils.
a- Evaporates
b- Will evaporate
c- Can evaporate

The law will change if we …………together.

a- Will work
b- Work

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 c- Worked

Zero if:
If + present simple, present simple.
If you heat water, it boils.

First if:
If + present simple, will + inf.

Second if:
If + past simple, would + inf.
If you studied hard, you would get high marks.

Third if:
If + past perfect (had + v3), would have + v3

Passive:

Ice hockey …………..in Canada.

a. Plays
b. Is playing
c. Is played

Companies which ………….by young directors are a good example of successful

business.
a- Are led
b- Are leading
c- They are led

Relative pronouns:

I travelled to many countries ………were quite unique on their own.

a- Which
b- Where
c- Who

Pizza ……………..is everyone’s favourite, is the bestseller in this restaurant.

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 a- Where
b- Which
c- Whose

Sara travelled to Spain,………..she studied and got her Masters.

a- Where
b- That
c- Which

My teacher,……..was absent yesterday, has quit his job and left the school.
a- Whom
b- Which
c- Who

Which = ‫لربط صفة بمكان‬

Where = ‫لربط وظيفة بمكان‬

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Second: vocabulary
Unit 1:
Word Word type Meaning
Achievement Noun ‫انجاز‬
Activity Noun ‫نشاط‬
Noun "‫اذا كانت الكلمة اسم فانها تعني "نهج‬
Approach
Verb "‫اذا كانت الكلمة فعل فانها تعني "يقترب‬
Autonomous Adjective ‫مستقل بذاته‬
Benefit Noun ‫فائدة‬
Client Noun ‫عميل‬
Collaboration Noun ‫تعاون‬
Contact Verb ‫يتصل‬
Creativity Noun ‫ابداع‬
Critical thinking Noun ‫تفكير ناقد‬
Development Noun ‫نطور‬
Digital literacy Noun ‫االمية الرقمية‬
Digital technology Noun ‫التكنولوجيا الرقمية‬
Drawback Noun ‫عقبة‬
Education Noun ‫تعليم‬
Educational Adjective ‫تعليمي‬
Educationalist Noun ‫التربوي‬
Environment Noun ‫بيئة‬
Equal Adjective ‫ يعادل‬/ ‫يساوي‬
Experiment Noun ‫تجربة‬
Guidance Noun ‫مساعدة – دليل‬
Illiterate Adjective ‫أمي‬
Verb
Increase ‫يرتفع‬
Noun
Information Noun ‫معلومات‬
Knowledge Noun ‫معرفة‬
Lately Adverb ‫مؤخرا‬
Mediator Noun ‫الوسيط‬
Mentor noun ‫معلم – مرشد‬

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Methodology Noun ‫طريقة‬
Most Determiner ‫معظم‬
Obsolete Adjective ‫قديم – مهمل‬
"‫اذا كانت الكلمة اسم فانها تعني "خطوة‬
Noun
Pace ‫اذا كانت الكلمة فعل فانها تعني "تقدم على" او "زاد‬
Verb
"‫السرعة‬
Predict Verb ‫يتوقع‬
Problem-solving Noun ‫حل المشاكل‬
Radical Adjective ‫اساسي – جوهري‬
Recently Adverb ‫مؤخرا‬
Noun
Reference ‫مرجع‬
Verb
Remote Adjective ‫عن بعد‬
Repetition Noun ‫تكرار‬
Noun "‫اذا كانت الكلمة اسم فانها تعني "ارتفاع‬
Rise
Verb "‫اذا كانت الكلمة فعل فانها تعني "يرتفع‬
Social Adjective ‫اجتماعي‬
Slum Noun ‫االحياء الفقيرة‬
Technology Noun ‫التكنولوجيا‬
Terminology Noun ‫مصطلحات‬
Traditional Adjective ‫تقليدي‬

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unit 2
Word Word type Meaning
Academic Adjective ‫اكاديمي‬
Appropriately Adverb ‫بشكل مناسب‬
Body language Noun ‫لغة الجسد‬
Business card Noun ‫بطاقة اعمال‬
Collaborate Verb ‫يتعاون‬
Collaboration Noun ‫تعاون‬
Contact Verb ‫يتواصل‬
Employer Noun ‫صاحب العمل‬
Event Noun ‫حدث‬
Noun ‫فعل = يعذر‬
Excuse
Verb ‫اسم = عذر‬
Formal Adjective ‫رسمي‬
Impression Noun ‫انطباع‬
Informal Adjective ‫غير رمسي‬
Mingle Verb ‫يخلط‬
Networking Noun ‫شبكة‬
Outfit Noun ‫زي‬
Politely Adverb ‫بشكل مهذب‬
Potential Adjective ‫امكانيات‬
Project Noun ‫مشروع‬
Rapport Noun ‫عالقة‬
Relationship Noun ‫عالقة‬
Seminar Noun ‫ندوة‬
Team leader Noun ‫قائد الفريق‬
Trend Noun ‫شيء رائج‬

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Unit 3:
Word Word type Meaning
Noun ‫اذا كانت الكلمة اسم فانها تعني وصول اذا كانت فعل‬
Access
Verb ‫فانها تعني يصل‬
Artefcat Noun ‫تحفة فنية‬
Artistic Adjective ‫فني – ذو طابع فني‬
Assume Verb ‫يفترض‬
Attitude Noun ‫تصرف – شعور شخص تجاه شي ما‬
Behave Verb ‫يتصرف‬
Behaviour Noun ‫تصرف‬
Celebrate Verb ‫يحتفل‬
Celebration Noun ‫احتفال‬
Commentary Noun ‫تعليق‬
Conduct Verb ‫يخوض‬
Controversial Adjective ‫جدلي‬
Converge Verb ‫يتجمع – ينقارب‬
Convergence Noun ‫تقارب‬
Criticism Noun ‫انتقاد‬
Criticize Verb ‫ينتقد‬
Culture Noun ‫ثقافة‬
Custom Noun ‫عادة‬
Deduction Noun ‫اقتطاع – استنتاج‬
Educated Adjective ‫متعلم‬
Etiquette Noun ‫االتيكيت‬
Formulate Verb ‫يشكل – يكون – يدمج‬
Generation Noun ‫جيل‬
Groundbreaking Adjective ‫رائد‬
Iceberg Noun ‫جبل جليدي‬
Noun ‫اسم = تأثير فعل‬
Impact
Verb ‫= يؤثر‬
Influential Adjective ‫تأثيري‬

Innovate Verb ‫يخترع – يبتكر‬

Innovation Noun ‫ابتكار‬
Intellectual Adjective ‫مثقف – مفكر‬
Monochronic Adjective ‫احادي اللون‬

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Nevertheless Adverb ‫مع ذالك‬
Obligation Noun ‫اجباري‬
Originate Verb ‫يتأصل‬
Permission Noun ‫اذن‬
Noun ‫اسم = قائد – رائد‬
Pioneer
Verb ‫فعل = يقود‬
Polychronic Adjective ‫متعدد االزمنة‬
Possibility Noun ‫احتمالية‬
Practice Noun ‫عادة – ممارسة‬
Prediction Noun ‫توقع‬
Proxemics Noun ‫التقريبيات‬
Recommendation Noun ‫اقتراح‬
Researcher Noun ‫باحث‬
Noun ‫اسم = جائزة – مكافئة فعل = يكافئ‬
Reward
Verb
Noun ‫اسم = جدول‬
Schedule
Verb ‫فعل = يجدول‬
Signify Verb ‫عبر – افاد‬
Noun
Stereotype ‫صورة نمطية‬
Verb
Noun
Survey ‫استبيان‬
Verb
Theory Noun ‫نظرية‬
Tolerance Noun ‫تسامح‬
Tolerate Verb ‫يتسامح‬
Tradition Noun ‫تقليد‬
Transcend Verb ‫تجاوز – تفوق‬
Transcendence Noun ‫تجاوز – تفوق‬
Validate Verb ‫يتحقق من صحته‬
Validation Noun ‫التحقق من الصحة‬
Value Noun ‫قيمة‬

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Unit 4:
Word Word class Meaning
Considerably Adverb ‫الى حد كبير‬
Dimension Noun ‫البعد‬
Far Adverb ‫بعيد‬
Global Adjective ‫عالمي‬
Millennial Noun ‫جيل االلفية‬
Much Adverb/pronoun ‫كثير‬
Origin Noun ‫االصل‬
Overcome Verb ‫تغلب على‬
Rather Adverb ‫ باالحرى‬- ‫بدال‬
Somewhat Adverb ‫قليال‬
Statistics Noun ‫احصائيات‬
Worry beads Noun

Unit 5:
Word Word class Meaning
Beetle Noun ‫خنفساء‬
Bias Noun ‫انحياز‬
Biodiversity Noun ‫التنوع البيولوجي‬
Biomimicry Noun ‫تقليد الطبيعة‬
Brainwash Noun ‫غسل الدماغ‬
Claim Verb ‫يدعي‬
Climate change Noun ‫تغيير مناخ‬
Credibility Noun ‫مصداقية‬
Debate Noun ‫مناظرة‬
Deforestation Noun ‫ازالة الغابات‬
Degrade Verb ‫تحط من قدر‬
Deregulation Noun ‫رفع القيود‬
Destruction Noun ‫خراب‬

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Disposal Noun ‫تخلص من‬
Dispose Verb ‫يتخلص من‬
Dolphin Noun ‫دولفين‬
Doubt Verb ‫شك‬
Emotion Noun ‫عاطفة‬
Environmental Adjective ‫بيئي‬
Evaluate Verb ‫يقيم‬
Exaggerate Verb ‫يبالغ‬
Explain Verb ‫يشرح‬
Extinction Noun ‫انقراض‬
Generate Verb ‫يولد‬
Global Adjective ‫عالمي‬
Implication Noun ‫تطبيق‬
Infrastructure Noun ‫بنية تحتية‬
Irresponsible Adjective ‫غير مسؤول‬
Kingfisher Noun ‫الرفراف‬
Lack Noun ‫نقص‬
Lotus Noun ‫اللوتس‬
Mismanagement Noun ‫سوء االدارة‬
Mistreat Verb ‫اساءة التعامل‬
Mosquito Noun ‫باعوض‬
Needle Noun ‫ابرة‬
Overcrowding Noun ‫اكتظاظ‬
Overdependence Noun ‫االعتماد المفرط‬
Overfish Verb ‫االفراط في الصيد‬
Overpopulation Noun ‫االكتظاظ السكاني‬
Overuse Noun ‫فرط االستخدام‬
Pollution Noun ‫تلوث‬
Precaution Noun ‫االحتياطات‬
Prejudice Noun ‫تحيز‬
Problematic Adjective ‫يسبب المشاكل‬
Responsible Adjective ‫مسؤول‬
Reuse Verb ‫اعادة استخدام‬
Shortage Noun ‫نقص‬

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Signal Noun ‫اشارة‬
Subsidize Verb ‫قيدم العون المالي – يدعم‬
Termite Noun ‫نمل ابيض‬
Tragedy Noun ‫مأساة‬
Tsunami Noun ‫اعصار‬
Underappreciate Verb ‫ال يقدم التقدير‬
Underestimate Verb ‫يقلل من اهمية‬
Unsustainable Adjective ‫غير مستدام‬
Validity Noun ‫صالحية‬
Velcro Noun
Waste Noun ‫النفايات‬

Unit 6:
Word Word class Meaning
Accuracy Noun ‫دقة‬
App Noun ‫تطبيق‬
Assess Verb ‫يُقيم‬
Attribute Noun ‫ميزة‬
Automation Noun ‫تشغيل الي‬
Calculate Verb ‫يحسب‬
Challenge Noun ‫تحدي‬
Decision-making Noun ‫اتخاذ القرار‬
Dexterity Noun ‫مهارة‬
Digital Adjective ‫رقمي‬
Efficient Adjective ‫كفاءة‬
Elimination Noun ‫ازالة‬
Emotional intelligence Noun ‫الذكاء العاطفي‬
Evolution Noun ‫تطور‬
Identification Noun ‫تطابق‬
Improvement Noun ‫تحسن – تطور‬

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Initiative Noun ‫مبادرة‬
Innovation Noun ‫ابتكار‬
Manual Adjective ‫يدوي‬
Online Adverb/adjective ‫متصل‬
Opportunity Noun ‫فرصة‬
Prediction Noun ‫توقع‬
Problem-solving Noun ‫حل المشاكل – القدرة على المشاكل‬
Processing Noun ‫عملية‬
Recharge Verb ‫يعيد شحن‬
Reduction Noun ‫تخفيض‬
Reflection Noun ‫انعكاس‬
Reliable Adjective ‫موثوق‬
Reservation Noun ‫حجز‬
Risk Verb ‫يخاطر‬
Robot Noun ‫انسان الي – روبوت‬
Safe Adjective ‫بامان‬
Spelling Noun ‫تهجئة‬
Stamina Noun ‫القدرة على التحمل‬
Strength Noun ‫قوة‬
Teamwork Noun ‫عمل جماعي‬
Uncertainty Noun ‫مثير للشك‬
Useful Adjective ‫مفيد‬

Third: passages to read

Read the following passage then answer the questions below.

Tools of Persuasion

Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with your point of view.
According to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, there are three basic tools of
persuasion: ethos, pathos, and logos.

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 Ethos is a speaker's way of convincing the audience that he is a credible
source. An audience will consider a speaker credible if he seems trustworthy,
reliable, and sincere. This can be done in many ways. For example, a speaker can
develop ethos by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field.
After all, you would be more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your
teeth from a dentist than a firefighter. A speaker can also create ethos by convincing
the audience that he is a good person who has their best interests at heart. If an
audience cannot trust you, you will not be able to persuade them.
Pathos is a speaker's way of connecting with an audience's emotions. For example,
a speaker who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he
alone can save the country from a temble war. These words are intended to fill the
audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, a charity
organization that helps animals might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and
cats. These images are intended to fill the viewers with pity. If the audience feel bad
for the animals, they will be more likely to donate money. The aim of pathos is to
reduce the audience's ability to judge through the speaker's facial expressions, body
language and voice intonations.

Logos is the appeal towards logical reason thus the speaker wants to present
an argument that appears to be sound to the audience. It encompasses the content
and arguments of the speech Logos uses facts, information statistics, or other
evidence to make the argument more convincing An audience will be more likely to
believe you if you have data to back up your claims. For example, a commercial for
soap might tell you that laboratory tests have shown that their soap kills all 7,000,000
of the bacteria living on your hands right now. This piece of information might make
you more likely to buy their brand of soap. Presenting this evidence is much more
convincing than simply saying "our soap is the best! Use of logos can also increase a
speaker's ethos, the more facts a speaker includes in his argument, the more likely
you are to think that he is educated and trustworthy

Although ethos pathos, and logos all have their strengths, they are often most
effective when they are used together. Indeed, most speakers use a combination of
ethos, pathos, and logos to persuade their audience. The next time you listen to a
speech watch a commercial or listen to a friend trying to convince you to lend him
some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion

A. Choose from A. B. C or D to correctly answer each of the following

questions:

1. To use ethos, a speaker:

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A cites facts and statistics.

B makes use of analogy.

C provides examples.

D maintains credibility through a trustworthy and a reliable figure✔

2.A TV anchor who highlights the miseries of underprivileged social classes is

appealing to:

A. Pathos.

B .Ethos

C. Logos.

D. None.

3.As used in paragraph 2, the opposite of the word credible is:

A unintelligent.

B. boring.

C. dishonest✓

D amazing

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4.According to the passage, logos can build ethos because:

A an audience is more easily convinced by facts than emotions such as pity or fear.

B. an audience is more likely to trust a speaker who uses evidence to support

his argument✓

C a speaker who overuses pathos might make the audience too emotional and
unlikely to be persuaded

D a speaker can use misleading or false information to make his argument seem
more convincing

5. Gestures, body language and facial expressions all reveal:

A. Pathos.

B .Ethos.

C .Logos.

D .None.

6. According to the passage, the most effective tool of persuasion is:

A Ethos, because you can't persuade an audience that doesn't trust you.

B .Logos, because it can also be used to build ethos.

C .A combination of ethos, pathos and logos.✔

D. Pathos, because human beings are most easily persuaded by emotions.

23
B. Mark each of the following sentences as True or False:

7. Aristotle's proposed five basic tools of persuasion.

A True

B. False

8. The soap commercial was an example given to prove logos.

A True

B False

9. Pathos aims at reducing the audience's ability to make a judgment.

A True

B. Fa‫م‬se

10. Ethos respects the mind of the audience and his ability to judge facts.

A True

B False

24
 The Incredible Machine

Everyone has a favorite attraction at an amusement park, and I am no

different. However, unlike most people who seem to prefer roller coasters, my
favorite ride is a little more gentle. Every time I go to Coney Island, Navy Pier, or the
Santa Monica Pier, I absolutely have to ride the Ferris wheel.

The Ferris wheel is simple and yet also quite complex That is, riding it is easy,
but how it works is complicated. A series of carts are attached to a wheel, which is
attached to a rim. That rim rotates vertically around an axis, and gravity keeps the
carts upright. As simple as the ride seams, only advanced engineers can make safe
and fun Ferris wheels.

While the Ferris wheel is not as thrilling as a rollercoaster, it is still very

exciting. The fact of being high in the air makes it so much more entertaining than a
lot of rides. mean, how often do you hang from that high up in daily life?

Nevertheless, I have to admit, don't seek Ferris wheels out because of their
excitement. Rather, I find them very relaxing. At the top of the Ferris wheel, you get
beautiful sights of the park. You also get a sense of calm that you don't get in the
hustle and bustle of the park below. Additionally, Ferris wheels are also gorgeous to
look at when they are lit up at night. In fact, the original Ferris wheel was designed
as much to be seen as to be ridden. The first Ferris wheel was made by and named
after George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr. He designed it for the Chicago World's Fair
in 1893. It was the tallest attraction there, standing 264 feet high However, visitors to
the fair were impressed by the size of the ride as well as the mechanics of it. In
1893, anything that was not turned by hand was considered a sight to see. And the
wheel, which was a machine, was truly incredible to see. Further, as one visitor put

25
it, the wheel was amazing because it seemed to be missing support. That is, it did
not look like it could stand on its own And yet it did and even rotated!

Ferriss wheel technology has only improved since then. Most of today's Ferris
wheels are much larger than that first one. The largest in the world is the "Singapore
Flyer," which stands slightly taller than twice what Ferris's did! Today, the Ferris
wheel is the most common amusement park ride. But that does not mean you should
take them for granted. Instead, be thankful for Ferris' invention. The next time you're
at an amusement park, don't just look up at the impressive wheel in the sky on your
way to a newer attraction. Take it for a spin!

A. Choose from A, B, C or D to correctly answer each of the following

questions:

1)This passage was most likely written to

A describe the author's favorite amusement parc rides

B explain the original design of Ferris wheels and how they work today

C describe the history of Ferris wheels and why they are so popular

D explain the history of Ferris wheels and why the author likes mem✔

2) it can be understood that Coney Island, Navy Pier, and the Santa Monica
Pier are all examples of

A amusement parks.✔

B. Ferris wheels.

C. vacation spots.

D. boat docks.

26
3) As used in paragraph 2, which is the best antonym for complex?

A impressive

B. beautiful

C exciting

D. simple✓

4) What does the author like best about Ferris wheels?

A the impressive engineering and beauty of them.

B. the excitement and thrills they guarantee.

C. the beautiful sights and relaxation they allow✔

D. the fact that most amusement parks have one.

5) According to the passage, the Ferris wheel was originally designed for:

A Coney Island.

B. the world's fair.✔

C. Disneyworld.

D. Singapore.

27
6) Which is the correct meaning of the word impressive in the last paragraph?

A beautiful

B. dangerous

C remarkable✔

D expensive

B. Mark each of the following sentences as True or False:

7). The Ferris wheel is more thrilling than the roller coaster.

A True

B False

8). The author finds Ferris Wheels very relaxing.

A True

B. False

9). The first Ferris Wheel was invented in the late 19th century.

A True

28
B. False

10). The reader can understand that the tallest Ferris wheel in the world is
between 250 and 500 feet tall.

A. True✔

B. False

Packaging

To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking:

the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived; the wrapper has to
be torn off, the lid opened and the paper removed, the chocolate itself then has to be
unwrapped from its own piece of paper. But this amount of wrapping is not confined
to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not
wrapped up The package itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it
away immediately. So why is it done? Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is
necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is absurd.
Packaging is using up scarce energy and resources and is spoiling the environment.

Little research is being carried out on the costs of alternative types of

packaging Just how possible is it, for instance, for local authorities to recycle paper,
pulp it, and recycle it as egg-boxes? Would it be cheaper to plant another forest?
Paper is the material most used for packaging-20 million paper bags are apparently
used in Great Britain each day-but very little is recycled A machine has been
developed that pups paper then processes it into packaging, eg egg-boxes and
cartons. This could be easily adapted for local authority use. It would mean that
people would have to separate their garbage into paper and non-paper, with a
different dustbin for each. Paper is, in fact, probably the material that can be most
easily recycled, and now, with massive increases in paper prices, the time has come
at which collection by local authorities could be profitable

Recycling of this kind is already happening with milk bottles, which are
returned to the dairies, washed out and refilled. But both glass and paper are being
threatened by the growing use of plastic. More and more dairies are experimenting
with plastic bottles, and it has been estimated that if all the milk bottles necessary

29
were made of plastic, then British dairies would be producing the equivalent of
enough plastic tubing to encircle the earth every five or six days!

A. Choose from A, B, C or D to correctly answer each of the following

questions:

1. In paragraph one: This amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries'

means:

A not enough wrapping is used for luxuries.

B. more wrapping is used for luxuries.

C. it is not only for luxury products that too much wrapping is used.✔

D. the wrapping used for luxury products is unnecessary.

2. If paper is to be recycled:

A more forests will have to be planted.

B. the use of paper bags will have to be restricted.

C. people will have to use different dustbins for their rubbish.✔

D. the local authorities will have to reduce the price of paper.

3. The author thinks that:

A. not enough research has been done into packaging alternatives✔

30
B. the function of packaging is not very costly

C people will soon stop using cackaging altogether.

D it is better to use plastic for packaging.

4. 'Confined' which is underlined means:

A. used for.

B. restricted to.✔

C. needed for.

5. Paper is the material:

A rarely used for packaging.

B. restricted to egg-boxes.

C. can't be recycled.

D. most commonly and most easily used for packaging.✔

6. Plastic wrapping:

A. threatens both glass and paper wrapping.✔

B. is expensive.

31
C. saves energy.

D. is limited.

B. Mark each of the following sentences as True or False:

7. Too many products nowadays are wrapped in unnecessary packaging.

A. True

B. False

8. The rising price of paper will make it worthwhile for local authorities to
collect waste-paper.

A True

B. False

9. There is no danger that plastic will ever replace glass and paper.

A. True

B. False

10. Many dairies are using plastic bottles in their laboratories.

A. True

B. False

32
 The Emperor Penguin

Description: The Emperor Penguin is the world's largest and tallest penguin.
It is also the heaviest penguin, with some individuals recorded at nearly 100 pounds.
Adults have a black head, back, tail, and black wings. The underparts are dingy
white. The sides of the neck are marked with a large golden or yellow stripe. In
addition, there is a varying amount of gold on the upper breast. Like most penguins,
the Emperor Penguin has thick, waterproof feathers that cover the entire body
except for the bill and feet. Emperor Penguins normally live about 20 years in the
wild, though some individuals have been recorded at 40 years of age.

Diet: Crustaceans, krill, and small fish. Emperor Penguins will dive to depths
of 800 feet in search of food. Most dives last 3-6 minutes.

Predators: Sharks, Leopard Seals, Orcas Chicks are vulnerable to predation

from South Polar Skuas.

Range: The Emperor Penguin is found throughout the Antarctic perimeter. It

is the only species of penguin to breed during the Antarctic winter. Breeding takes
place about 60 miles from the coast in the Antarctic interior, where temperatures
regularly drop to-40 degrees Celsius. The trek from the Antarctic coastline to the
breeding grounds was the inspiration for "March of the Penguins".

Nesting: Female Emperor Penguins lay a single egg in May or June. After the
egg has been laid, the female must immediately feed in the ocean. First, the egg is
carefully transported to the male, who incubates the egg under a brood patch that
rests above the feet. Occasionally, the transfer is unsuccessful and the egg rolls onto
the ice and instantaneously freezes
The male will incubate the egg for up to 65 days! During this time, he will not
eat a single meal. On particularly cold days, hundreds of male penguins may gather
together in a compact huddle to warm themselves in the pounding Antarctic winds. In
about huo months, the female retums and locates her mate and chick by sound. The
male then takes his turn feeding in the ocean and returns after about a month. Once

33
the chick is about seven weeks old, it joins other chicks in a creche (huddle) to keep
warm.

Status: Populations of Emperor Penguins are thought to be stable Estimates

indicate about 200,000 breeding pairs.

A. Choose from A. B. Cor D to correctly answer each of the following

questions:

1. Where do Emperor Penguins breed?

A. Along the coast.

B. In the water.

C. South America.

D. The Antarctic interior.

2. What does stable mean?

A decreasing.

B. increasing

C. staying the same

D uncertain.

3. Which of the following scenarios is unlikely?

A. Finding an Orcs that has just eaten an Emperor Penguin.

B. Finding an Emperor Penguin after it has been underwater for 10 minutes✔

34
C. Finding an Emperor Penguin that is about 20 years old

D. Finding an Emperor Penguin that weighs 60 pounds:

4. Which of the following animals only preys on Penguin chicks?

A skuas.

B. seals.

C. sharks.

D. orcas

5. Which of the following is NOT part of the diet of the Emperor Penguin?

A fish.

B. crustaceans.

C. krill.

D. insects.

6. How many eggs are laid by the female Emperor Penguin?

A. 3

B.2

35
C. 1

D.O

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

B. Mark each of the following sentences as True or False:

7. The Emperor Penguin's tale is white.

A. True

B. False

8. The Female penguin locates her chick by sight.

A. True.

B. False

9. The female penguin feeds in the ocean while the male incubates.

A. True.

B. False

10. The male incubates for more than two months without eating.
A. True

B. False

36
 Los Angeles

1.In 1900 the United States had only three cities with more than a million residents-
New York, Chicago, and Philadelphia. By 1930, it had ten giant metropolises. The
newer ones experienced remarkable growth, which reflected basic changes in the
economy. The population of Los Angeles (114,000 in 1900) rose spectacularly in the
early decades of the twentieth century, increasing a dramatic 1,400 percent from
1900 to 1930.

2.A number of circumstances contributed to the meteoric rise of Los Angeles. The
agricultural potential of the area was enormous if water for irrigation could be found,
and the city founders had the vision and dating to obtain it by constructing a 225-mile
aqueduct, completed in 1913, to tap the water of the Owens River. The city had a
superb natural harbor, as well as excellent rail connections. The climate made it
possible to shoot motion pictures year-round; hence Hollywood. Hollywood not only
supplied jobs; it disseminated an image of the good life in Southern California on
screens all across the nation. The most important single industry powering the
growth of Los Angeles, however, was directly linked to the automobile. The demand
for petroleum to fuel gasoline engines led to the opening of the Southern California
oil fields, and made Los Angeles North America's greatest refining center.

3.Los Angeles was a product of the auto age in another sense as well: its distinctive
spatial organization depended on widespread private ownership of automobiles. Los
Angeles was a decentralized metropolis, sprawling across the desert landscape over
an area of 400 square miles. It was a city without a real center. The downtown
business district did not grow apace with the city as a whole, and the rapid transit
system designed to link the center with outlying areas withered away from disuse.
Approximately 800,000 cars were registered in Los Angeles County in 1930, one per
2.7 residents. Some visitors from the east coast were dismayed at the endless urban
sprawl and dismissed Los Angeles as a mere collection of suburbs in search of a
city. But the freedom and mobility of a city built on wheels attracted floods of
migrants to the city.
A. Choose the correct answer that best completes the following statements.

1. What is the passage mainly about?

a. The growth of cities in the United States in the early 1900's
b. The development of the Southern California oil fields
c. Factors contributing to the growth of Los Angeles
d. Industry and city planning in Los Angeles

37
2.The author characterizes the growth of new large cities in the United States
after 1900 as resulting primarily from:
a. new economic conditions.
b. images of cities shown in movies
c. new agricultural techniques
d, a large migrant population.

3. The phrase "meteoric rise" paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:

a. came up fast
b. became famous
c. was controversial
d. was methodical

4.The word 'it' in paragraph 2 refers to:

a. Los Angeles
b. good life
c. Hollywood
d. agricultural potential

5. According to the passage, the most important factor in the development of

agriculture around Los Angeles was the:
a. influx of "new residents to agricultural areas near the city
b. construction of an aqueduct
c. expansion of transportation facilities
d. development of new connections to the city's natural harbor

6.It can be inferred from the passage that in 1930 the greatest number of
people in the Los Angeles area were employed in:
a. farming
b. oil refining
c. automobile manufacturing
d. the motion picture industry

38
7. According to the passage, the Southern California oil fields were initially
exploited due to:
a. the fuel requirements of Los Angeles' rail system
b. an increase in the use of gasoline engines in North America
c. a desire to put unproductive desert land to good use
d. innovative planning on the part of the city founders

8. The phrase "apace with" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:

a. anew with
b. apart from
c. as fast as
d. at the middle of

B. Mark the following statements as TRUE or FALSE:

9. The downtown business district did not grow along with the city.
a. True
b False

10. The natural harbor in the city helped to promote the film industry.
a True
b False

39
 The Incredible Machine

Everyone has a favorite attraction at an amusement park, and I am no

different. However, unlike most people who seem to prefer roller coasters, my
favorite ride is a little more gentle. Every time I go to Coney Island, Navy Pier, or the
Santa Monica Pier, I absolutely have to ride the Ferris wheel.

The Ferris wheel is simple and yet also quite complex That is, riding it is easy,
but how it works is complicated. A series of carts are attached to a wheel, which is
attached to a rim. That rim rotates vertically around an axis, and gravity keeps the
carts upright. As simple as the ride seams, only advanced engineers can make safe
and fun Ferris wheels.

While the Ferris wheel is not as thrilling as a rollercoaster, it is still very

exciting. The fact of being high in the air makes it so much more entertaining than a
lot of rides. mean, how often do you hang from that high up in daily life?

Nevertheless, I have to admit, don't seek Ferris wheels out because of their
excitement. Rather, I find them very relaxing. At the top of the Ferris wheel, you get
beautiful sights of the park. You also get a sense of calm that you don't get in the
hustle and bustle of the park below. Additionally, Ferris wheels are also gorgeous to
look at when they are lit up at night. In fact, the original Ferris wheel was designed
as much to be seen as to be ridden. The first Ferris wheel was made by and named

40
after George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr. He designed it for the Chicago World's Fair
in 1893. It was the tallest attraction there, standing 264 feet high However, visitors to
the fair were impressed by the size of the ride as well as the mechanics of it. In
1893, anything that was not turned by hand was considered a sight to see. And the
wheel, which was a machine, was truly incredible to see. Further, as one visitor put
it, the wheel was amazing because it seemed to be missing support. That is, it did
not look like it could stand on its own And yet it did and even rotated!

Ferriss wheel technology has only improved since then. Most of today's Ferris
wheels are much larger than that first one. The largest in the world is the "Singapore
Flyer," which stands slightly taller than twice what Ferris's did! Today, the Ferris
wheel is the most common amusement park ride. But that does not mean you should
take them for granted. Instead, be thankful for Ferris' invention. The next time you're
at an amusement park, don't just look up at the impressive wheel in the sky on your
way to a newer attraction. Take it for a spin!

A. Choose from A, B, C or D to correctly answer each of the following

questions:

1)This passage was most likely written to

A describe the author's favorite amusement parc rides

B explain the original design of Ferris wheels and how they work today

C describe the history of Ferris wheels and why they are so popular

D explain the history of Ferris wheels and why the author likes mem✔

2) it can be understood that Coney Island, Navy Pier, and the Santa Monica
Pier are all examples of

A amusement parks.✔

B. Ferris wheels.

41
C. vacation spots.

D. boat docks.

3) As used in paragraph 2, which is the best antonym for complex?

A impressive

B. beautiful

C exciting

D. simple✓

4) What does the author like best about Ferris wheels?

A the impressive engineering and beauty of them.

B. the excitement and thrills they guarantee.

C. the beautiful sights and relaxation they allow✔

D. the fact that most amusement parks have one.

5) According to the passage, the Ferris wheel was originally designed for:

A Coney Island.

B. the world's fair.✔

42
C. Disneyworld.

D. Singapore.

6) Which is the correct meaning of the word impressive in the last paragraph?

A beautiful

B. dangerous

C remarkable✔

D expensive

B. Mark each of the following sentences as True or False:

7). The Ferris wheel is more thrilling than the roller coaster.
A True
B False

8). The author finds Ferris Wheels very relaxing.

A True
B. False

9). The first Ferris Wheel was invented in the late 19th century.
A True
B. False

43
10). The reader can understand that the tallest Ferris wheel in the world is
between 250 and 500 feet tall.

A. True✔
B. False

Read the following passage then answer the below questions:

The Human Brain

The brain is the most complicated organ in our bodies. Our thinking, remembering,
and communicating abilities. originate in this small mass. It is difficult to imagine that
this small gray organ, which weighs less than 2.2 pounds (1 kilo), is so important, but
scientists have shown that the human brain is the most complex organ of the body.
Scientists have not been able to solve all the mysteries of the brain. They still have
not discovered exactly how learning takes place. However, they have made some
progress. They have found that certain parts of the brain are responsible for different
aspects of learning, memory, and language.
Recent studies indicate that the two halves of the brain - the right hemisphere and
the left hemisphere - play extremely important roles in learning and communicating.
The left hemisphere deals with rules, lists of information, and short-term memory.
Short-term memory is what we use to remember a telephone number long enough to
call someone after we look it up. In contrast, the right hemisphere deals with
feelings, colors, and long-term memory. Long-term memory is what we use when we
drive a car each day or remember how to get to work.
Scientists now know that certain aspects of language are housed in different areas of
the brain. If these areas are damaged, language production and comprehension are
affected. A person with damage in Broca's area, in the frontal lobe, can still
understand language but has great difficulty producing it. A person with damage in
Wernicke's area, in the temporal lobe, can speak easily and fluently, but cannot
attach correct meanings to words or put them in correct order. As research

44
continues, scientists will identify more connections between language and the brain
in their search to understand what it is that makes us uniquely human.
A-Choose the answer (A, B, or C) that best completes the following
statements.
1-Which sentence best describes the main idea of the passage?
(A) Scientists have not been able to solve all the mysteries of the brain.
(B) Our thinking, remembering, and communicating abilities originate in the
brain,
(C) Scientists now know the certain aspects of language are housed in different
areas of the brain.

2- Why are scientists still studying the brain?

(A) To find which parts of the brain are responsible for different aspects of learning,
memory and language
(B) To understand the role each hemisphere plays
(C) To understand how leaning happens

3- Playing tennis is a skill stored in the:

(A) Long-term memory
(B) Short-term memory
(C) Left hemisphere

4-What is the function of Broca's area?

(A) It deals with language production
(B) It deals with language comprehension
(C) It deals with connecting correct meanings to words

5- A person with a damage in Wernicke's area would have a problem in:

(A) Language production
(B) Speaking fluently
(C) Sentence structure✓

B-Mark the following statements as True (T) or False (F).

45
6- The brain is a heavy organ.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE

7-Wernicke's area is related to our comprehension skills.

(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE

8- Math is a function of the right hemisphere.

(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE
9- A patient with damage in the frontal lobe would have a problem in
understanding language.
(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE

10- The brain is only made up of two hemispheres.

(A) TRUE
(B) FALSE

Fourth: writing
Visual learning styles lead to a high-level of learning efficiency. Discuss and
write a 300-word, 5-paragraph essay:

Visual Learning
There are many different learning styles. Such as, auditory learning and
visual learning. Visual learning is used widely by many different students. It is said
that visual learning led to high learning efficiency. It has led to that because of many
different reasons.

46
 First, visual learning is fun. As, the students can use different methods that
entertain them while studying. For example: they can use colours to highlight the
important things and they can use cards to link information and revise it easily.

Second, visual learning makes the students remember information easily. For,
they use different methods that the brain can link information with and the students
would remember the information easily. For example, they would use flash cards or
different colours for different things to remember.

Finally, visual learning is easy to use. As students can use anything around
them to make things they would use in their visual learning methods. For example,
they would use simple white papers to make flashcards with them.

In conclusion, visual learning is easy, fun and makes students remmebr

information easily. That is why it has led to learning efficiency. I think that visual
learning is the best learning style a student can follow.

Talk about types of memories in a 5-paragraph essay:

Types of Memories

Memory is very important thing a human being can have. With memory we
can remember the good things and the bad things. We can also remember the things
we read or study or even the things we have to do at work. There are three types of
memories. Sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory.

First, there is the sensory memory. This type of memory lasts for seconds. It
depends on using our senses to remember things. For example, when we look at
something and memorise it for seconds like a number or a name this is when we
used our sensory memory. If we did not repeat the information, it will not stay in our
long-term memory and we will eventually forget it.

Second, there is the short-term memory. By repeating the information in our

sensory memory, it will become a short-term memory. However, also the short-term
memory does not last for long. It need repetition in order to go to the long-term
memory and stay there for long.

Third and finally, there is the long-term memory. By practicing information, the
short-term memory will become into long-term memory. Long-term memory includes

47
the things that we use and say in our daily lives. Like, our names, what we do in our
jobs, our studies and our address.

In conclusion, it is by repeating and practicing that we can make a sensory

and short term memory a long-term memory.

Talk about who do you think is better friends or family. Write a 5-paragraph
essay discussing this issue.

Friends or Family

In this life, we have our friends and family. As it is very important for humans
to communicate. For, communication is something basic in the nature of humans.
Some people prefer to spend their time with their family members. While other
people prefer to spend their time with their friends more than their family. For me, I
think that spending time with friends is more fun than family for many different
reasons.

The first reason that I prefer spending time with friends, is that friends are
more fun. As with friends you can be your self and make jokes about everything.
While with family this thing is sometimes very hard. As you need to be strict around
your family members than around your friends.

48
 The second reason, is that, I think friends are good secret keepers and you
can tell almost anything to your loyal friends. As somethings are very hard to tell the
parents of. But when it is your friends these things become very normal and easy to
tell.

The third and final reasons for preferring friends, is that friends support you
without making judgments about you. As your family members always tend too make
judgments and sometimes they do not allow you to try something. But your friends
always have your back and encourage you with the things that you are doing in your
life.

In conclusion, only loyal friends are better to spend time with. As they can
keep your secrets, encourage you and do not make judgments about you.

How much freedom should parents give their children? Write a 5-paragraph
argumentative essay. Support your arguments with reasons and examples.
Parenting is such a difficult job. Parents always try their best to protect their
children and to make them happy at the same time. One of the hard things to
parents is giving freedom to their children and what is the right amount of freedom
they should give. As freedom is a constant struggle between parents and their
children. With children wanting to get more freedom, and parents refusing to give it
to them or they give a small amount of it. But how much freedom should parents give
to their children? The factors that determine that are the society that they live in, how
much is the children ready and the parents’ mentality.
First factor is the society that the children live in. If the society is a good one,
that is a society that holds onto traditions, then they parents know that their children
would be safe and they won’t get affected by their friends. However, if the society
and the environment that the children live in is bad and might have a negative
influence on children that the parents must be careful and not too much freedom
should be given.
Second factor is the readiness of children. Some children have bigger brains
and bigger thinking skills. They are children who know how to deal with things and
what to do. Such children are worth of huge amount of freedom with some limits.
While other children might not know how to deal with the simplest situation and they
might get affected by the ideas of others so easily. Such children must not be given a
huge amount of freedom, but rather they should be monitored by an adult figure.

49
 The third and final factor is the parents’ mentality. Some parents are mature
and trust their children. Thus, they will give their children the right amount of
freedom. Because they know that their children will come to them when something
terrible happens. On the other hand, if the parents are not that mature and they do
not trust their children and they show that to them. Then they will not give freedom to
their children. As they know that their children will be hiding things behind their
backs.
In conclusion, the amount of freedom given to children will vary from one
family to another. Some will give freedom with some limits. Others will not give
freedom at all. In my opinion, parents should give their children a reasonable amount
of freedom. Because then they will make their children happy.
Are you distracted by technology? Write a 5-paragraph argumentative essay.
Support your arguments with reasons and examples.
Technology is used nowadays by different people. People use technology for
different purposes. They can use it to talk to each other or to study. Some people get
distracted by technology, others don’t'. Personally, I don't get distracted by
technology.

First, because I have a limit. I always put limits to the way I use technology. I
make sure that I don't use my mobile phone or laptop more than two hours
maximum. Plus, I make sure that if I break the limit one day to not break it the the
other day.

Second, I make sure to use all my free time. When I use my free time wisely I
will have no time to get distracted by technology.

Finally, I might get distracted by technology but for a little time. As when I
realize that I am getting distracted, I make sure not to that again. I see where is the
problem and what is the reason and make sure not to do it again.

In conclusion, people should know how to use technology wisely. And not get
distracted too much by it because it will harm them

Parents put their hopes on their kids.

Nowadays, parents feel stressed when it comes to raising their children. As
there are many standards that they feel they must meet. Plus, parents often have
hopes and dreams on their children. And they wish that their children achieve the

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things that they did not achieve. However, some parents have higher hopes on theri
sons that their daughters.

First, some parents thing that because they favor the sons more than the
daughters. They live their sons to the point that they see them worth achieving their
goals and hopes. Plus, parents see that their sons will make them more proud than
their daughters.
Second, parents think that the abilities of their sons are more than the abilities
of their daughters. They see that their sons are able to have higher stamina and
have higher capacity to achieve things. But their daughter are in their eyes that they
are hopeless and do not have that much hope.

Finally, even though some parents put the same degree of hope on both sons
and daughters, the society forces them to put even more hope on their sons. As the
boys have more places to go and more countries to travel to because they are given
this chance on their community.
In conclusion, in my culture hopes are put equally on both sons and daughters
by parents

Parents should take decisions on behalf of their children; do you agree or

disagree. Discuss.

Decision making

In this life, we face a lot of problems that need a solution. These problems
might be big problems or they might be small. As a result, the decisions that need to
be made can be big and huge decisions or they can be small decisions. When it
comes to children and making decisions, some think that it is better that children take
their own decisions, while other think that it is the parents responsibility. However, it
is much better for parents to make decisions on behalf of their children for many
different reasons.

Parents should be the ones to take decisions for their children because they
have more experience in life. As parents have gone through many things in life and
know what to do in every situation. Plus, the problem that the child might be in, it
could be that their parents went through it before, and they know how to act.

Moreover, parents love their children and know what is best for them. Parents
would not harm their own children. That is why the decisions they take is for the best

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of their children and to make them live a better life that them. In addition, parents do
not want their children to live the hard things that they have lived before them.

Another point is that, parents know to measure the problem and find a
solution and take a decision according to it. As children because of their lack of
knowledge might think that the problem they are facing is small and not important
and as a result they take the wrong decision to it.

In conclusion, it is always better to parents to make decision. As they know

better, the have experience and they know how to take decisions based on the size
of the problem.

what are the steps to take and effective decision:

Taking Decision

In our life, we face many problems that need a solution. So, we are always
required to take decisions and think about them. But making a decision can be hard
and tricky, depending on the type of the problem. However, when we need to take an
important decision, we must follow certain steps.
When it comes to decision making, we must first define the problem that we
have to take decision to. We must make sure that we are looking at the problem from
all sides and not to jump into conclusions. Then we must decide whether the
problem that we are dealing with is huge or small.
When we define the problem and decide the size of it, we must start to think
of solutions to the problem. However, we must think of different solutions not only
one. In addition, we can ask other people and listen to their opinions.
When we think about the problem and think about different solutions. We
must choose the best solution and take the best decision. After we choose the
decision that we took we should inform the people about it. As some people might
get affected by the decision that has been taken. Finally, when we inform the people,
we must apply the decision that we took and evaluate it.

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 In conclusion, decision taking is not an easy think to do. As some decisions
are of a major importance and can affect the life of someone. That is why I advise
everyone who wants to take a decision to follow the previous steps.

Online learning was the option during the pandemic. Talk about online
learning and its benefits:
Online learning

Education is very important. When people are educated they are respected
more. Societies are built with educated people. Nowadays, there are two types of
education/learning. Traditional learning and online learning. Some people prefer
traditional learning, while other people like online learning. However, online learning
is better than traditional learning for many reasons.

Online learning is better because it is flexible. As, students can attend anytime
because lectures are recorded during the online learning. In addition, students
studying through online learning can attended from anywhere and not drive or go to
the university or school. For example, the students who work can attend their
classes from their work.

Furthermore, online learning is cheaper than traditional learning. As the

students will pay less than they would pay for traditional learning. As, they will not be
using the facilities. Plus, they will save money because they will not be driving to the
university or paying for transportation.
Moreover, online learning helps shy students more than traditional learning.
As, through online learning, the shy students will not speak in front of the other

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students. In fact, shy students participate more during online classes than traditional
classes.

All in all, online learning is much better than traditional learning. As, online
learning is flexible, cheap and helps shy students. I advise every student to try online
learning.

Parents should lead/observe their children’s social media accounts, do you

agree or disagree. Discuss.
Parents and Social Media Accounts for Children

Social media is one of the great inventions. Many people use social media
now for many reasons. For example, they might use it for business or simply for fun.
In addition, nowadays even children have social media accounts. Some people think
that parents should control and observe their children’s accounts on social media,
while other think the opposite. However, parents should control and observe their
children’s accounts om social media for many reasons.

Social media might waste the child’s time. For, if children are not controlled
and have limits, they might end up wasting their time on social media. So, when their
parents control their social media accounts, they can put limits on their children’s
accounts.

Moreover, parents should know who their children are following on social
media. As, there are many bad people on social media and they might affect the
children in a bad way. In addition, the children like to imitate everything they see, that
is why they should see something useful. That is why when parents observe and
control their children’s accounts they will be able to make them follow good people.

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 Another point is that, children might see inappropriate content on social
media. So, when the parents are in charge, they will make sure what their children
are seeing on social media.
In conclusion, children’s accounts on social media must be controlled and
observed by parents. As social media might affect children in a bad way and they
might see something not good. I advise every parent to control and observe the
accounts their children have to keep them safe.

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