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AFFAIRSCLOUD TODAY

Table of Contents
Hand Written Notes ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Detailed Content............................................................................................................................................................. 14

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Hand Written Notes

NATIONAL AFFAIRS
1)

ASI - Archaeological Survey of India

MoC - Ministry of Culture
AMASR Act - Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act

2)

DoP - Department of Posts

MoC - Ministry of Communications
AMFI - Association of Mutual Funds in India
KYC - Know Your Customer

DGFT - Directorate General of Foreign Trade

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MoC&I - Ministry of Commerce and Industry

e - Electronic
IIGF - India International Garment Fair
MoT - Ministry of Textiles
MEA - Ministry of External Affairs
MoS - Minister of State

BITS Pilani - Birla Institute of Technology and Science

AI - Artificial Intelligence

5)

MoS - Minister of State

MoMA - Ministry of Minority Affairs
PM-VIKAS - Pradhan Mantri Virasat ka Samvardhan
IIIT - Indian Institute of Information Technology
IoT - Internet of Things

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INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
1)

Natural Sites

UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

WHC - World Heritage Committee
WHL - World Heritage List

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AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

1.Super Swachh League 2024-25:

(Top ranked City in each population category)

2.Swachh Shehar Awards 2024-25:

(Top ranked City in each population category)

4.State-Level Awards (Promising Swachh Shehars)

34 cities across States/Uts won the awards based on ‘One City, One Award’ principle

MoHUA - Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs

MP - Madhya Pradesh

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UP - Uttar Pradesh
AP - Andhra Pradesh

MD - Managing Director
CEO - Chief Executive Officer
KMBL - Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited
ESOPs - Employee Stock Options

World’s Top 5 Richest Self-Made Women in 2025

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USA - United States of America

SAR - Special Administrative Region
UK - United Kingdom
4)

World’s Best Bank – Societe Generale, France

World’s Best Corporate Bank – BBVA, Spain

World’s Best Emerging Market Bank – J.P. Morgan, USA

World’s Best Frontier Market Bank – Societe Generale, France

World’s Best Sub-Custodian Bank – CIBC Mellon, Canada

IMF - International Monetary Fund

WB - World Bank
USA - United States of America

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Other Reshuffles:

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PM - Prime Minister
DPM - Deputy Prime Minister
ME - Minister of Economy

NFRA - National Financial Reporting Authority

MoCA - Ministry of Corporate Affairs

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

1)
i)

FoPM - First of Production Model

DRDO - Defence Research and Development Organisation
BEL - Bharat Electronics Limited
BDL - Bharat Dynamics Limited

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IACCS - Integrated Air Command and Control System

SRBM - Short-Range Ballistic Missile
ITR - Integrated Test Range
SFC - Strategic Forces Command

SPORTS

IMPORTANT DAYS
1)

UNGA - United Nations General Assembly

GoI - Government of India

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STATE NEWS

UP - Uttar Pradesh
UNDP - United Nations Development Programme
MoA - Memorandum of Association
DRR - Disaster Risk Reduction
DMS - disaster management system

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Fibe elevates Vimal Saboo as CEO of non-banking financial arm ESPL

Muthoot FinCorp launches NCD; aims to raise ₹290 crore
H&H Aluminium launches India’s largest solar frame unit in Gujarat using Chinese
equipment
Ultimate Kho Kho Appoints Dhiraj Parasher as CEO Amid Global Expansion Plans
WHO pushes countries to raise prices on sugary drinks, alcohol and tobacco by 50%

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Detailed Content
Current Affairs 19 July 2025: Headlines

ASI Declared Mizoram’s ‘Lungphun Ropui’ as Monument of National Importance

DoP Signs MoU with AMFI to Streamline KYC Verification of MF Investors
DGFT Showcases ‘Trade Connect’ ePlatform at 71st IIGF and 16th Toy Biz International
Expo in New Delhi, Delhi
BITS Pilani Announced to Establish India’s First AI-Plus Campus in Amravati, AP
Union MoS Gesorge Kurian Launched Skill Training & Women Entrepreneurship
Development Project at IIIT Kottayam
WHC Inscribed 26 New Sites on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List during its 47th
Committee Meeting in Paris, France
Swachh Survekshan 2024-25 Awards: Indore Retains Top Cleanest City Title for 8th Time
HDFC Bank’s CEO Sashidhar Jagdishan Emerged as India’s Highest-Paid Banker in FY25
Forbes’ 50 Richest Self-Made Women on Earth in 2025: Indian Women Falguni Nayar &
Kiran–Mazumdar Shaw Ranked 31st and 32nd
SBI Adjudged World’s Best Consumer Bank 2025 by Global Finance Magazine
Yulia Anatoliivna Svyrydenko Appointed As New PM of Ukraine
Former CBDT Chairman Nitin Gupta Appointed as Chairperson of NFRA
Indian Army Conducts ‘Akash Prime’ Missile System at High Altitude in Ladakh
Aditi Chauhan, Indian Women’s Football Team Goalkeeper, Announced Retirement
Nelson Mandela International Day 2025 – July 18
UP sssGovt Partners with UNDP to Strengthen Disaster Managementin UP

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS
ASI Declared Mizoram’s ‘Lungphun Ropui’ as Monument of National Importance
In July 2025, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) which works under the Ministry of Culture (MoC) has
officially declared Lungphun Ropui located in Lianpui village in south-east of Champhai district in
Mizoram, as Monument of National Importance (MNI) under the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological
Sites and Remains Act(AMASR Act, 1958).

• This makes Lianpui the 2nd menhir site in Mizoram to get such recognition after Vangchhia (also
known as Kawtchhuah Ropui).
• With this status, ASI plans to enhance the site’s infrastructure by adding fences, paths, restrooms,
and drinking water facilities to protect the heritage and boost tourism.
About Lungphun Ropui:
i.The village is named after its founder and Lusei chief, Lianpuia, who reportedly founded the village in
early 18th Century.
• The village was initially established at Mualbawk before relocating to its current site.
ii.The site is famous for its mehnirs or ancient carved stone structures are considered important to
understanding the cultural and historical roots of the Mizo people.
• These stones feature carvings of human figures, birds, animals, gongs and lizards, which provides
information about the cultural practices of the Mizo people before the advent of Christianity.
iii.Currently, this site hosts more than 170 engraved menhirs depicting scenes of warriors, hunting, music,
and communal legends.
Points to Note:
i.As of July 2025, there are 3,699 ancient monuments and archaeological sites and remains declared as
Monuments of National Importance.
ii.Top 5 states with highest number of Monuments of National Importance (as of December 2024): Uttar
Pradesh(UP) (743), Karnataka (506), Tamil Nadu (TN) (412), Madhya Pradesh (MP) (291) and Maharashtra
(286).
About Archaeological Survey of India (ASI):
Director General (DG)- Yadubir Singh Rawat
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi
Founded- 1861

DoP Signs MoU with AMFI to Streamline KYC Verification of MF Investors

On July 17, 2025, the Department of Posts (DoP) under the Ministry of Communications (MoC), Government
of India(GoI), and the Association of Mutual Funds in India (AMFI) signed a Memorandum of Understanding
(MoU) in Mumbai(Maharashtra) to streamline Know Your Customer (KYC) verification for Mutual
Fund(MF) investors across India.

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• The MoU was signed by Manisha Bansal Badal, General Manager (GM), (Business Development)
on behalf of DoP and V.N. Chalasani, Chief Executive, AMFI.
i.The MoU is valid for one year from July 2025 with provision
for renewal. It ensures strict adherence to the regulations of
the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) and includes
provisions for data confidentiality and secure handling of
investor information
ii.The MoU aims to streamline KYC verification for
approximately 24.13 crore MF folios, including 19.04 crore in
Equity, Hybrid, and Solution-Oriented Schemes as per AMFI’s
June 2025 data.
ii.Under the MoU, the DoP will offer KYC verification and
document collection services through its vast network of over 1.64 lakh post offices. The AMFI, representing
its member Asset Management Companies (AMCs), will support the initiative to help investors achieve “KYC
Validated” status with KYC Registration Agencies (KRAs).
iii.It aims to make investing easier, especially for people in rural and semi-urban areas. The MoU enables
postal employees to assist investors in completing KYC forms, verifying and attesting self-attested
documents, and transferring them to AMCs.

DGFT Showcases ‘Trade Connect’ ePlatform at 71st IIGF and 16th Toy Biz International Expo in
New Delhi, Delhi
In July 2025, the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) under the Ministry of Commerce and
Industry (MoC&I) showcased its digital initiative “Trade Connect” Electronic(e)-Platform at the two major
Business-to-Business(B2B) trade exhibitions 71st India International Garment Fair (IIGF) and the
16th Toy Biz International Expo 2025, held in New Delhi, Delhi.
• The 71st IIGF was inaugurated by the Union Minister of State (MoS) Pabitra Margherita, Ministry
of Textiles (MoT), Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), on July 01, 2025, at Yashobhoomi
Convention Centre in New Delhi.
• The Toy Biz Expo 2025, organised by the Toy Association of India, was held during July 04-07 at
Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
i.Trade Connect ePlatform, an initiative of the DGFT, MoCI, serves as a comprehensive hub of information
and services on international trade for all stakeholders.
ii.The platform provides recent and updated information on tariffs, certifications, trade events, eCommerce,
and buyers in a simplified manner to Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)
iii.It also acts as a single window of issuance and validation of preferential and non-preferential certificates
of origin through a secured electronic process.

BITS Pilani Announced to Establish India’s First AI-Plus Campus in Amravati, AP

In July 2025, Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chancellor of Birla Institute of Technology and
Science (BITS Pilani) announced the establishment of India’s 1st –of-its kind Artificial Intelligence (AI)-
Plus Campus in Amravati, the capital city of Andhra Pradesh (AP).
• The new campus will be established with an investment of over Rs 1,000 crore over a period of
5 years.
• The establishment of the new campus is part of other key initiatives including: upgrade of existing
campuses of BITS Pilani under Project Vistaar, announced during the convocation ceremony of
BITS Pilani.

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i.The newly announced campus will be developed in two phases.

• The 1st phase will support 3,000 students; focus on core academics and student life.
• The 2nd phase will scale capacity to over 7,000, adding advanced research centers, international
collaboration zones, and dedicated entrepreneurship hubs.
ii.Amravati AI Plus campus will offer undergraduate twinning programs, cotutelle doctoral degrees with top
international institutions, and master’s programs in AI/Machine Learning (ML), innovation, and strategy.
iii.Project Vistaar with investment of Rs 1,219 crore, will help the institute in expanding and upgrading
infrastructure across its various campuses such as Pilani (Rajasthan), Goa and Hyderabad (Telangana).
iv.BITS Pilani Digital, a full-scale edtech platform, was launched during the event. This new platform aims
to launch 32 programmes (including 11 degree and 21 certificate courses) and reach over 1 lakh learners
over the next 5 years.

Union MoS George Kurian Launched Skill Training & Women Entrepreneurship Development
Project at IIIT Kottayam
In July 2025, Union Minister of State (MoS) George Kurian, Ministry of Minority Affairs (MoMA), launched a
skill training and women entrepreneurship development project under the Pradhan Mantri Virasat ka
Samvardhan (PM-VIKAS) scheme at the Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Kottayam in
Kerala.
• As part of this initiative, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between MoMA and
IIIT, Kottayam, to train 450 candidates from minority communities at IIIT Kottayam.
i.Under this initiative, 150 youth will be trained in Internet of Things (IoT) and 300 women will be trained
in leadership and entrepreneurship development.
ii.MoMA will bear the entire training cost, and IIIT Kottayam will be the implementing agency for this
project.
iii.The PM-VIKAS, launched in 2022, is a Central Sector Scheme(CSS) launched by the MoMA. The scheme
aims at the holistic development and socio-economic upliftment of minority communities.
• It integrates five earlier standalone schemes: Seekho Aur Kamao (Skill Development), Nai Manzil
(Education and Livelihood), Nai Roshni (Leadership Training for Women), USTTAD (Upgrading
Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for Development), and Hamari Dharohar
(Preservation of Cultural Heritage).

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
WHC Inscribed 26 New Sites on the UNESCO’s World Heritage List during its 47th Committee
Meeting in Paris, France
The 47th session of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World
Heritage Committee (WHC), chaired by Professor Nikolay Nenov (Bulgaria), was held from July 6 to
16, 2025, in Paris, France.
• The committee added 26 new sites to the UNESCO World Heritage List (WHL), comprising 21
cultural, 4 natural, and 1 mixed site. Additionally, it approved the extension of two existing sites,
raising the total number of World Heritage Sites to 1,248 across 170 countries.
• Maratha Military Landscapes of India was included as the 44th World Heritage Site of India.
Note: The 48th session of the WHC will be held in Busan, Republic of Korea.
About Maratha Military Landscape:
i.The Maratha Military Landscape is a cultural heritage site comprises 12 historic forts: 11 in Maharashtra
and 1 in Tamil Nadu(TN).

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ii.The 12 forts are:Salher, Shivneri, Lohgad, Raigad, Rajgad, Pratapgad, Panhala, Vijaydurg, Khanderi,
Suvarnadurg, Sindhudurg in Maharashtra and Gingee(TN).
iii.The ‘Maratha Military Landscapes of India’ showcase a rich variety of military architectural styles,
featuring hill forts like Salher, Shivneri, Lohgad, Raigad, Rajgad, and Gingee; a hill-forest fort at Pratapgad; a
hill-plateau fort at Panhala; a coastal fort at Vijaydurg; and island forts including Khanderi, Suvarnadurg,
and Sindhudurg.
iv.Constructed between the 17th and 19th centuries, these forts exemplify the Maratha Empire’s military
ingenuity, terrain-responsive architecture, and strategic
regional defense systems, reflecting a significant chapter in
India’s historical evolution.
v.The nomination, added to India’s Tentative List in 2021, was
formally submitted in early 2024 and inscribed by UNESCO in
July 2025 under criteria (iv) and (vi) for architectural and
cultural-historical significance.
Highlights of 47th WHC meeting:
i.Four new sites from Africa were added to the UNESCO World
Heritage List this year, raising the continent’s total to 112
sites. Notably, Guinea-Bissau(Omati Minho) and Sierra
Leone(Gola-Tiwai) made their debut on the list by securing
their first-ever inscriptions.
ii.The committee removed three African sites such as the
Rainforests of the Atsinanana (Madagascar), Abu Mena (Egypt), and Old Town of Ghadames (Libya) from the
List of World Heritage in Danger.
• Since 2021, three sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda and Senegal had also been
excluded from the list.
iii.Nearly one-third of the sites, inscribed in 2025 are linked to prehistory, including the Peruacu River
Canyon (Brazil), the Megaliths of Carnac and of the shores of the Morbihan (France) and the Petroglyphs
along the Bangucheon Stream (Republic of Korea).
iv.The committee recognizes the remembrance sites, which are linked to conflicts and atrocities, by
inscribing the Cambodian Memorial Sites: From centres of repression to places of peace and reflection,
honouring the memory of the millions of victims of the Cambodian genocide by the Khmer Rouge regime.
• These remembrance sites are places of transmission, commemoration and learning. Their
inscription emphasizes the essential role of heritage in the work of remembrance, and of UNESCO,
in building peace.

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List of 26 new sites added to WHL:

Sl. No Heritage Site Location

Culture

1 Murujuga Cultural Landscape Australia

Cambodian Memorial Sites: From centres of repression

2 Cambodia
to places of peace and reflection

Diy-Gid-Biy Cultural Landscape of the Mandara

3 Cameroon
Mountains

4 Xixia Imperial Tombs China

5 Megaliths of Carnac and of the shores of Morbihan France

The Palaces of King Ludwig II of Bavaria:

6 Neuschwanstein, Linderhof, Schachen and Germany
Herenchiemsee

7 Minoan Palatial Centres Greece

8 Maratha Military Landscapes of India India

9 Prehistoric Sites of the Khorramabad Valley Iran

Funerary Tradition in the Prehistory of Sardinia- The

10 Italy
domus de janas

11 The Archeological Ensemble of 17th Century Port Royal Jamaica

12 Mount Mulanje Cultural Landscape Malawi

13 Forest Research Institute Malaysia Forest Park Selangor Malaysia

Wixarika Route through Sacred Sites to Wirikuta

14 Mexico
(Tatehuari Huajuye)

15 The Colonial Transisthmian Route of Panama Panama

16 Petroglyphs along the Bangucheon Stream Republic of Korea

17 Rock Paintings of Shulgan-Tash Cave Russia

18 Cultural Heritage Sites of Ancient Khuttal Tajikistan

19 Sardis and the Lydian Tumuli of Bin Tepe Turkey

20 Faya Palaeolandscape United Arab Emirates (UAE)

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Yen Tu-Vinh Nghiem-Con Son, Kiep Bac Complex of

21 Vietnam
Monuments and Landscapes

Natural

22 Peruacu River Canyon Brazil

23 Mons Klint Denmark

Coastal and Marine Ecosystems of the Bijagos

24 Guinea-Bissau
Archipelago-Omati Minho

25 Gola-Tiwai Complex Sierra Leone

Mixed

26 Mount Kumgang-Diamond Mountain from the Sea North Korea

About World Heritage Committee(WHC):
i.The WHC meets once a year and is composed of representatives of 21 states, elected from the 196 State
Parties to the Convention by their General Assembly.
ii.It is responsible for the implementation of the World Heritage Convention, which was adopted
in 1972. The World Heritage convention defines the use of the World Heritage Fund and allocates financial
assistance upon requests from States Parties.
iii.It also makes decision regarding the inscriptions on the WHL.
iv.The WHL is a catalogue of sites across the world, which have been recognized by UNESCO as having
Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) to humanity.
• The sites inscribed on the list are protected under the 1972 World Heritage Convention.
About United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO):
President – Audrey Azoulay
Headquarters – Paris, France
Established – 1945

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

Swachh Survekshan 2024-25 Awards: Indore Retains Top Cleanest City Title for 8th Time
On July 17, 2025, Droupadi Murmu, President of India, conferred Swachh Survekshan 2024-25
Awards at the ceremony hosted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) at Vigyan Bhagwan
in New Delhi, Delhi.
• The event was attended by Union Minister Manohar Lal, MoHUA and Union Minister of State
(MoS) Tokhan Sahu, MoHUA.
• Indore (Madhya Pradesh) retained the title of cleanest city for the eighth consecutive year,
followed by Surat (Gujarat) in second place and Navi Mumbai (Maharashtra) in third place. Also,
the inclusion of smaller cities ensures inclusive development and enhances urban governance for
India, progressing towards Viksit Bharat by 2047.

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Key Highlights:
i.The Swachh Survekshan 2024–25 Results Dashboard was virtually launched during the event, providing an
interactive display of rankings and achievements. Key highlights and the successes of the Super Swachh
League Cities were presented through dynamic audio-visual showcases.
ii.Union Minister Manohar Lal Khattar launched the Swachh City Partnership, where each top-performing
city adopts one underperforming city, and the Accelerated Dumpsite Remediation Program commencing
15 August 2025 to fast-track legacy waste cleanup.
About Swachh Survekshan 2024–25:
i.Swachh Survekshan(SS) is the world’s largest urban cleanliness survey, evaluating cities based on waste
management, sanitation infrastructure, and public participation.
ii.SS 2024–25, established in 2016 under the SBM-U, marks the 9th edition, focusing on Reduce–Reuse–
Recycle (3R), underscores the national push for sustainable urban development by evaluating over 4500
cities.
ii.A total of 78 awards were presented across 4 categories, recognizing excellence in urban cleanliness
under the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U).
• The 4 different categories of awards presented are based on the newly introduced Super Swachh
League Cities, Swachh Shahar in 5 Population Categories, Special Category Awards, and the State-
Level Awards (Promising Swachh Shehars).
• The newly introduced “Super Swachh League” category honours cities that have secured a top-
three position in the Swachh Survekshan rankings for three or more consecutive years.
iii.Assessed 4,589 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), 58 Cantonment Boards, and 88 Ganga Towns, with a total
of 14.66 million online feedbacks and 2.21 million face-to-face responses.
• 3,000+ assessors conducted intensive field evaluations over 45 days, examining 95,120 wards,
19,895 commercial zones, 28,708 residential sectors, 26,792 Census Towns(CTs), 29,240 plant
facilities, and 23,839 schools.
• Also, collected 9 TB of evidence and captured 6.26 million photographs over 45 days, engaging
more than 1.1 million households across 10 parameters and 54 indicators.
List of 2024-25 Swachh Survekshan(SS) Awardees:

1.Super Swachh League 2024-25:

Category (Population) Rank City

1 Indore (Madhya Pradesh, MP)

More than 10 Lakh
2 Surat (Gujarat)

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3 Navi Mumbai (Maharashtra)

1 Noida (Uttar Pradesh, UP)

3 – 10 Lakh 2 Chandigarh (Chandigarh)

3 Mysuru (Karnataka)

1 New Delhi (Delhi)

50,000 – 3 Lakh 2 Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh, AP)

3 Ambikapur (Chhattisgarh)

1 Vita (Maharashtra)

20,000 – 50,000 2 Saswad (Maharashtra)

3 Deolali Pravara (Maharashtra)

1 Panchgani (Maharashtra)

Less than 20,000 2 Patan (Chhattisgarh)

3 Panhala (Maharashtra)

2.Swachh Shehar Awards 2024-25:

Category (Population) Rank City

1 Ahmedabad (Gujarat)

More than 10 Lakh 2 Bhopal (MP)

3 Lucknow (UP)

1 Mira-Bhayandar (Maharashtra)

3 – 10 Lakh 2 Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh)

3 Jamshedpur (Jharkhand)

1 Dewas (MP)

50,000 – 3 Lakh 2 Karhad (Maharashtra)

3 Karnal (Haryana)

20,000 – 50,000 1 Panaji (Goa)

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2 Aska (Odisha)

3 Kumhari (Chhattisgarh)

1 Bilha (Chhattisgarh)

Less than 20,000 2 Chikiti (Odisha)

3 Shahganu (MP)

3.Special Category Awards

Category City/State

State Government of UP
Special recognition
(Swachh Mahakumbh 2025)

Best Ganga Town Prayagraj (UP)

Best Cantonment Board Secunderabad Cantonment (Telangana)

Visakhapatnam (AP),
Best SaifaiMitra Surakshit Shehar Jabalpur (MP), and
Gorakhpur (UP)
4.State-Level Awards (Promising Swachh Shehars): It is also known as Promising Clean Cities, winners
are the 34 cities across States/UTs, as per the ‘One City, One Award’ principle.
Click here for the complete list of Swachh Survekshan 2024-25 Awardees
About Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA):
Union Minister- Manohar Lal Khattar (Constituency- Karnal, Haryana)
Minister of State (MoS) – Tokhan Sahu (Constituency- Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh)

HDFC Bank’s CEO Sashidhar Jagdishan Emerged as India’s Highest-Paid Banker in FY25
According to Bank’s Annual Report released in July 2025, Sashidhar Jagdishan, Managing Director (MD)
and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of HDFC Bank Limited, has emerged as the highest-paid banker in India
in Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25), with total salary of 12.08 crore, marking an increase of 12% compared to
FY24.

• Apart from salary, he was also allotted 2.12 lakh shares in Employee Stock Options (ESOPs),
valued at over Rs 42.4 crore at current market levels.

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• He was the 2nd highest-paid bank Chief in FY25, only after Ashok Vaswani, MD & CEO of Kotak
Mahindra Bank Limited (KMBL).
Other Highest-Paid Bankers in India in FY25:
i.Ashok Vaswani, who took over as CEO of KMBL on January 1, 2024, emerged as the highest-paid bank
chief in FY25 with a total compensation of Rs.12.95 crore.
• In comparison, he had drawn a salary of Rs.1.62 crore during the three-month period of FY24
following his appointment.
• He earned an annual salary of Rs 12.95 crore, along with 18,580 ESOPs worth over Rs 4 crore.
ii.Amitabh Chaudhary, MD & CEO of Axis Bank Limited, received a salary of Rs 9.11 crore which marks a
decline of 5.4% from FY24.
• Additionally, he was allotted approximately 2.69 lakh ESOPs, valued at over Rs 30 crore at
current market levels.
iii.IDFC First Bank Limited’s MD & CEO, V. Vaidyanathan, was paid Rs 5.54 crore in salary for FY25, showing
a 4.5% increase compared to the previous year. He was allotted 24, 20, 626 stock options worth nearly Rs
18 crore.
iv.While, Sandeep Bakshi, MD & CEO of ICICI Bank Limited, earned an annual salary of Rs 9.96 crore in FY24,
but remuneration figures for FY25 have not yet been disclosed.
About HDFC Bank Limited :
Managing Director (MD) & Chief Executive Officer (CEO)- Sashidhar Jagdishan
Headquarter– Mumbai, Maharashtra
Tagline– We Understand Your World
Established– 1994

Forbes’ 50 Richest Self-Made Women on Earth in 2025: Indian Women Falguni Nayar & Kiran–
Mazumdar Shaw Ranked 31st and 32nd
Forbes, an American global media company has released the latest edition of Forbes’ 50 Richest Self-Made
Women on Earth in 2025 in June 2025. According to the list, only two Indian women: Falguni Nayar, Chief
Executive Officer (CEO) of Nykaa, with an estimated net worth of USD 3.4 billion, and Kiran Mazumdar-
Shaw, founder of biopharmaceutical company Biocon India Private Limited, with an estimated net worth of
USD 3.3 billion, secured the 31st and 32nd positions respectively.

• Rafaela Aponte-Diamant (Switzerland), co-founder of the Mediterranean Shipping Company

(MSC), with a total worth of USD 38.8 billion, topped the list globally.
• She is followed by Diane Hendricks (from the United States of America, USA), who is the co-
founder of ABC Supply, with an estimated net worth of USD 22.3 billion; and Zhong Huijan (from
China), founder of Hanosh Pharmaceuticals, with an estimated net worth of USD 15.6 billion,
ranked at 2nd and 3rd position, respectively.
About Forbes’ Richest Self-Made Women in 2025:
i.The list featured world’s 50 richest self-made women from 13 countries and 4 continents.

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ii.It has covered their fortunes across 14 different industries including technology, retail, real estate, and
manufacturing, among others.
iii.Forbes revealed that self-made women now account 3.5% of the global billionaire population, marking
an increase of 50% over 2017.
iv.The combined net worth of 50 self-made women featured on the list stands at approximately USD 276
billion, with an average net worth of USD 5.5 billion per individual, an increase of USD 158 billion since
2017.
v.As per the Forbes report, 24 women which accounts for nearly 50% of the women featured on the list,
hail from Asia-Pacific region; followed by North America (20) and Europe (6).
World’s Top 5 Richest Self-Made Women in 2025:

Rank Name Citizenship Net Worth Sector

Raefaela Aponte- USD 38.8

1 Switzerland Shipping
Diamant billion

The United States USD 22.3

2 Diane Hendricks Building Supplies
of America (USA) billion

Zhong Huijuan USD 15.6

3 China Pharmaceuticals
billion

Hong Kong Special

Administrative USD 10
4 Zhou Qunfei Smartphone screens
Region (SAR) of billion
China

The United USD 8.5

5 Denise Coates Online Gambling
Kingdom (UK) billion

USD 3.4
31 Falguni Nayar India Retailing
billion

Kiran Mazumdar- USD 3.3

32 India Biopharmaceuticals
Shaw billion
Key Findings:
i.Australia’s Melanie Perkins (38 years old) who co-founded Canva, a popular design software company in
2013, has become the youngest women entrepreneur to be featured on the list.
ii.Technology sector topped among the sectors covered by the list as 14 women generated their fortunes in
this field only.
• The richest self-made among this group is Zhou Qunfei, chairman of Hunan-based Lens
Technology, a maker of touch screens whose customers include Apple, Samsung and Tesla,
ranked at 4th spot, with an estimated net worth of USD 10 billion.

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iii.Denise Coates (ranked at 5th spot), co-founder and CEO of Bet365, one of the largest global online
gambling company; Judy Faulker (ranked at 6th spot), founder of Epic Systems, a leading healthcare
software company; Wang Laichun (ranked at 7th spot), co-founder and chairperson of Luxshare-ICT.
iv.Ranked 8th is Marian Ilitch and family from the USA, with a net worth of USD6.9 billion, known for
founding the Little Caesars Pizza chain. Ling Tang of Canada, involved in marketing software and mobile
games, is ranked 9th with a net worth of USD 6.6 billion. Lynda Resnick, an agriculture magnate from the
USA, holds the 10th spot with a net worth of USD 6.3 billion.
v.China and Hong Kong, together account for 18 women featured on the list, emerged as the most
represented region/country; followed by the USA (16).
Note: The 50 richest self-made men in the world have a combined wealth of USD 3.8 trillion, 14 times more
than the top 50 self-made women. Men also hold 96% of the world’s self-made billionaire wealth, while
women account for just 4%. Globally, there are 1,920 male self-made billionaires.
About Forbes:
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – Sherry Phillips
Headquarters- New Jersey, the United States of America (USA)
Established- 1917

SBI Adjudged World’s Best Consumer Bank 2025 by Global Finance Magazine
In July 2025, the State Bank of India (SBI) has been adjudged as the World’s Best Consumer Bank for
2025 by Global Finance magazine, a leading international financial publication, following a detailed
editorial review supported by insights from finance executives, analysts, and global banking professionals.

• The award will be formally presented to SBI Chairman, Challa Sreenivasulu (CS) Setty on 18th
October 2025, during the International Monetary Fund (IMF)/World Bank (WB) Annual
Meetings in Washington D.C., United States of America (USA).
About World’s Best Consumer Bank award 2025:
i.The World’s Best Consumer Bank award, part of Global Finance magazine’s annual World’s Best Bank
awards, recognises top-performing banks across over 150 countries based on their innovation and customer
service in consumer banking.
ii.The following banks were named global award winners for the first time:
o World’s Best Bank – Societe Generale, France
o World’s Best Corporate Bank – BBVA, Spain
o World’s Best Emerging Market Bank – J.P. Morgan, United States of America(USA)
o World’s Best Frontier Market Bank – Societe Generale, France
o World’s Best Sub-Custodian Bank – CIBC Mellon, Canada
SBI’s Digital Innovation:
According to Global Finance magazine, SBI has demonstrated leadership in the consumer banking segment
through:
• Continuous focus on customer engagement and accessibility.
• Expansion of mobile banking infrastructure and establishment of new offices.

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• Integration of cutting-edge technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI) for hyper-

personalised offerings.
• Development of omni-channel engagement models and vernacular voice banking.
• Strengthening of 24/7 digital support systems, particularly in rural and semi-urban regions.
Note: As of March 2025, the SBI caters to over 52 crore customers, holding deposits worth Rs 53.82 lakh
crore with a CASA (Current Account Savings Account) ratio of 39.97%, and total advances crossing Rs 42.20
lakh crore.
About State Bank of India (SBI):
Chairman – Challa Sreenivasulu (CS) Setty
Established – 1st July 1955
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Tagline – “Pure Banking, Nothing Else”/ “The Banker to every Indian”

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Yulia Anatoliivna Svyrydenko Appointed As New PM of Ukraine
In July 2025, Ukraine’s Verkhovna Rada (Parliament) appointed Yulia Anatoliivna Svyrydenko, the
current First Deputy Prime Minister (DPM) and Minister of Economy,as the new PM, with 262 out of 450
lawmakers voting in her favor, 22 against, and 26 abstaining.

• Yuliia Svyrydenko, who is set to become the second woman PM of Ukraine after
Yulia Tymoshenko.
• She was nominated by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy following former PM Denys
Shmyhal’s resignation, as part of a major leadership reshuffle amid the ongoing Russia-Ukraine
war.
Additional Reshuffle:
i.Denys Shmyhal, the former PM of Ukraine, was appointed as the next Minister of Defence.
ii.Rustem Umerov, the incumbent Defence Minister, was appointed as Ukraine’s Ambassador to the United
States of America (USA).
About Yulia Anatoliivna Svyrydenko:
i.Yulia Svyrydenko is a trained economist who began her public service career in 2015 as the Head of the
Department of Economic Development of Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine.
ii.She later held key administrative roles, including Deputy Head of the Presidential Office and First Deputy
PM since 2021.
iii.As First DPM, she led major economic initiatives focused on post-war recovery, boosting international
investment, enhancing domestic weapons production, and implementing citizen support programmes.
iv.She also played a crucial role in economic diplomacy, notably securing a rare mineral trade agreement
with the United States, even after earlier tensions had nearly derailed the deal.

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About Ukraine:
President – Volodymyr Zelenskyy
Capital – Kyiv
Currency – Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH)

Former CBDT Chairman Nitin Gupta Appointed as Chairperson of NFRA

On July 17, 2025, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), chaired by the Prime Minister(PM)
Narendra Modi, has appointed Nitin Gupta as the new chairperson of the National Financial Reporting
Authority (NFRA),under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs(MoCA), with immediate effect. He will serve for a
term of three years or until he turns 65, whichever comes earlier.

• He succeeds Ravneet Kaur, who was holding additional charge since April 2025. The post had
remained vacant since the completion of Ajay Bhushan Pandey’s three-year tenure on March 31,
2025.
• Additionally, Smita Ghingran, P Daniel and Sushil Kumar Jaiswal have been appointed as full-time
members of the NFRA.
About Nitin Gupta:
i.Nitin Gupta is a 1986-batch Indian Revenue Service (IRS) officer under the Income Tax (IT) cadre.
ii.He previously served as Chairman of the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) under the Ministry of
Finance(MoF) from July 1, 2022, to June 30, 2024, where he played a key role in digitizing tax processes and
strengthening compliance.
iii.Earlier, he has held the position of Director-General (DG) at the Competition Commission of India (CCI).
About National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA):
i.The NFRA, based in New Delhi (Delhi), was constituted on 1st October 2018 by the Government of
India(GoI) under Sub Section (1) of section 132 of the Companies Act, 2013.
ii.The duties of NFRA are:
• To Recommend accounting and auditing policies and standards
• To monitor and enforce compliance with accounting standards and auditing standards across
applicable companies
• To oversee the quality of auditing
• To initiate investigations and exercise disciplinary authority.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Indian Army Conducts ‘Akash Prime’ Missile System at High Altitude in Ladakh
On July 16, 2025, Indian Army(IA) successfully conducted the First of Production Model firing trial
of Akash Prime, the upgraded version of the Akash Weapon System, in the eastern Ladakh sector, located
near the Line of Actual Control (LAC) at altitudes above 4,500 metres (m) (over 15,000 feet).

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• During these two day trials, the missile intercepted and destroyed two high-speed unmanned
aerial targets, proving its effectiveness and operational readiness for high-altitude deployment.
• These trials were conducted by the IA’s Corps of Army Air Defence (AAD) in collaboration with
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), along with industry partners Bharat
Dynamics Limited (BDL) and Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL).
About Akash Prime:
i.Akash Prime, developed by the DRDO, is an indigenously developed medium-range surface-to-air missile
system designed to intercept aerial targets at high altitudes.
• It operates in fire-and-forget mode with command guidance, real-time data processing, and fully
automatic threat evaluation.
ii.It is an advanced variant of the existing Akash system, equipped with an indigenous active Radio
Frequency (RF) seeker for higher target precision in diverse weather and terrain conditions.
• The system combines the Rajendra radar, command-and-control unit, and missile launcher to
provide multi-layered defence.
iii.The system is engineered to function efficiently at altitudes above 4,500 m, with a target range of 25 to
30 kilometres (km).
iv.The system features a modified ground support setup derived from earlier Akash variants and is capable
of engaging high-speed, manoeuvrable aerial threats.
v.These tests were part of the First of Production Model (FoPM) firing trials, marking an important
milestone in the timely deployment of Akash Prime into operational service.
Note: Akash Weapon System is part of India’s Integrated Air Command and Control System (IACCS), offering
layered air defence with platforms ranging from short-range missiles to long-range systems like S-400
(Russia’s missile).
India Tests Prithvi-II and Agni-I in Odisha:
On 17th July 2025, India test-fired two nuclear-capable Short-Range Ballistic Missiles (SRBMs) : ‘Prithvi-
II’ and ‘Agni-I’ from the Integrated Test Range (ITR) at Chandipur, Odisha.
• These tests were conducted under the Strategic Forces Command (SFC), forms part of India’s
Nuclear Command Authority (NCA), and were part of periodic training launches to validate key
performance parameters.
i.Prithvi-II has a range of up to 350 km and can carry a payload of up to 500 kilograms (kg). It is powered
by liquid fuel and can carry conventional and nuclear warheads.
ii.Agni-I has a longer range of 700–900 km and is powered by solid fuel. It can carry payloads up to 1,000
kg.
iii.Both missiles are integral components of India’s nuclear deterrence strategy and have proven accuracy in
operational roles.
About Indian Army (IA):
Chief of the Army Staff (CoAS)– General Upendra Dwivedi
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi

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Established – 1895
Motto– Seva Paramo Dharma (Service Before Self)

SPORTS
Aditi Chauhan, Indian Women’s Football Team Goalkeeper, Announced Retirement
On 17 July 2025, Aditi Chauhan, India’s pioneering women’s football team goalkeeper and the first Indian
woman to play professional club football in Europe, announced her retirement from football, bringing an
end to a remarkable 17-year career.

• As a first Indian woman in an English league, setting a precedent for Ngangom Bala Devi, who
joined Rangers FC in 2020.
• Aditi Chauhan became the first Indian to be awarded the Asian Woman Footballer of the Year
award in 2015.
About Aditi Chauhan:
i.Aditi Chauhan, a 32-year-old goalkeeper, began her university and football journey at Loughborough
University in the United Kingdom (UK) while completing a Master’s in Sports Management, playing for the
university team.
ii.She signed with West Ham United Ladies (Women’s Super League, England) in 2015, playing in England
until 2018 before returning to India.
iii.Returning to India, she joined India Rush SC (2018–19), then Gokulam Kerala FC, winning two Indian
Women’s League (IWL) titles (2019–20 & 2021–22) and helping reach third place at the 2021 Asian
Football Confederation (AFC) Women’s Club Championship.
iv.Then, she played for Hamar Hveragerði (meaning Hamar Sports Club) (Iceland) in 2021, and closed her
career with Sreebhumi FC in 2025.
Achievements and Recognition:
i.Captured multiple national titles, including IWL victories, and earned 57 caps with India.
ii.Aditi Chauhan also part of India women’s national football team that earned two South Asian Games gold
medals, clinching top honors in 2016 and again in 2019.
iii.She was a part of the Indian women’s national football team that won the 2012, 2016 and 2019 SAFF
Women’s Championship.
iv.Through initiatives like She Kicks, she aims to empower future generations of girls in football.

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IMPORTANT DAYS
Nelson Mandela International Day 2025 – July 18
The United Nations (UN’s) Nelson Mandela International Day (Mandela Day) is annually observed across
the globe on July 18 to recognize Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela’s lifelong dedication to conflict resolution,
human rights, race relations, gender equality, and reconciliation.

• The day commemorates the birth anniversary of the Nobel Peace Prize winner
(1993), Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, the first Black President of South Africa.
• July 18, 2025, marks the 107th birth anniversary of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, born on July 18,
1918.
Theme:
The 2025 theme for Nelson Mandela International Day is “It’s still in our hands to combat poverty and
inequity”, emphasizing collective action against inequality, aligning with Mandela’s vision.
Background:
i.On 10 November 2009, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted the resolution
A/RES/64/13, proclaiming 18 July of every year as Nelson Mandela International Day.
ii.The resolution recognises Nelson Mandela’s significant contribution to the global struggle for democracy,
the promotion of social justice, poverty eradication, and the advancement of a culture of peace.
iii.The first observance of UN Nelson Mandela International Day was held on 18 July 2010.
UN Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Prize:
i.On 6 June 2014, the UNGA adopted resolution A/RES/68/275, establishing the UN Nelson Rolihlahla
Mandela Prize.
ii.This honorary award is presented once every five years to two individuals (one male and one female)
from different regions, in recognition of their outstanding achievements and contributions to the purposes
and principles of the United Nations.
iii.The inaugural prize was awarded in 2015, followed by the second edition in 2020.
iv.The UN Nelson Mandela Prize 2025 was awarded to Brenda Reynolds (Saulteaux First Nation, Canada)
and Kennedy Odede (Kenya).
The Nelson Mandela Rules:
i.On 17 December 2015, UNGA adopted the revised UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of
Prisoners through resolution A/RES/70/175.
ii.These rules were officially renamed as the “Nelson Mandela Rules” to honour Nelson Mandela’s enduring
legacy and commitment to human rights and dignity.
iii.The UNGA expanded the scope of Nelson Mandela International Day to promote humane conditions in
prisons, raise awareness that prisoners are part of society, and acknowledge the critical role of prison staff
in rehabilitation and justice.
iv.The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) acts as the custodian of the Nelson Mandela
Rules.

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• UNODC leads a global annual campaign on the theme #PrisonersMatter to promote awareness
and the implementation of these standards for dignified treatment of prisoners.
Nelson Mandela Decade of Peace (2019–2028):
Declared via UNGA resolution A/RES/73/1 on September 24, 2018, following the Nelson Mandela Peace
Summit at UN Headquarters, New York (United States of America, USA), ushering in a dedicated decade of
global peace initiatives.
About Nelson Mandela
i.Nelson Mandela was born in Mvezo, Transkei, South Africa.
ii.He was a prominent anti-apartheid activist, politician, and the first Black President of South Africa from
1994 to 1999.
iii.He was inaugurated as South Africa’s first democratically elected President in 1994.
iv.He served as a Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organisation (UNESCO).
v.He passed away on 5 December 2013.
Awards and Honours:
i.1990: Conferred the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, by the Government of India (GoI) for his
contributions to Public Affairs.
ii.1991: Awarded the UNESCO Houphouët-Boigny Peace Prize.
iii.1993: Joint recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize along with Frederik Willem de Klerk (South Africa) for
efforts in ending apartheid and establishing democracy in South Africa.
Books by/about Nelson Mandela:
• Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela
• No Easy Walk to Freedom
• The Prison Letters of Nelson Mandela
2025 Events:
i.On July 18, 2025, the UNGA Informal Plenary was held at UN headquarters, New York, USA and the annual
Governors Island volunteer drive, co-organised by the NYC Mayor’s Office for International Affairs, UN
Department for Global Communications (DGC), President of UNGA, and the Permanent Mission of South
Africa, in partnership with Randall’s Park Alliance .
ii.Every year on Nelson Mandela International Day, people worldwide are encouraged to dedicate 67
minutes to community service.
• This honours Nelson Mandela’s 67 years of service to humanity, as a human rights lawyer,
prisoner of conscience, peacemaker, and the first democratically elected President of South
Africa.

STATE NEWS
UP Govt Partners with UNDP to Strengthen Disaster Management in UP
On July 16, 2025, the Uttar Pradesh (UP) Relief Commissioner’s Office and the United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP) signed a Memorandum of Association (MoA), to implement Disaster Risk
Reduction (DRR) programmes, with an aim to enhance institutional capacity of UP and create a multi-
tiered disaster management system.
• The agreement was signed in the presence of Chief Minister(CM) of UP, Yogi Adityanath and
Angela Lusigi, UNDP India head and resident representative.
i.The Government of UP has allocated a budget of Rs.19.99 crores, which will be deployed in a phased
manner for a period of three years.

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ii.The agreement covers all the 75 districts of UP and includes collaboration across 15 key state
departments.
iii.As part of the partnership, Detailed Project Report (DPRs) will be prepared for 10 state departments, and
risk and vulnerability assessments will be carried out in 20 major cities of UP, along with the development
of urban disaster management plans for these cities.

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nothing is missed.
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publish their reports and Rankings in the evenings, to make sure
every data is covered, we delay the topics to the next day
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