iq:”kksRre ih0th0 dkWyst] j.

kohjiqj] eÅ
fo”k;& dEI;wVj iw.kkZad& 100

ç'u&1- daI;wVj 'kCn dk vFkZ D;k gS\ ç'u&25- daI;wVj fdl ç.kkyh ij dke djrk gS\
mÙkj& daI;wVj dk vFkZ gS Þx.kuk djus okyk midj.kßA mÙkj& ckbujh ç.kkyh ¼Binary System½A
ç'u&2- daI;wVj dk tud ¼Father of Computer½ fdls dgk tkrk gS\ ç'u&26- mPp Lrjh; Hkk"kk ¼High Level Language½ dk mnkgj.k\
mÙkj& pkyZ~l cScst ¼Charles Babbage½ dksA mÙkj& C, C++, Java, Python vkfnA
ç'u&3- igyk eSdsfudy daI;wVj dkSu&lk Fkk\ ç'u&27- daI;wVj esa v‚ijsfVax flLVe dk dk;Z D;k gS\
mÙkj& fMQjsal batu ¼Difference Engine½A mÙkj& gkMZos;j vkSj l‚¶Vos;j ds chp leUo; LFkkfir djukA
ç'u&4- igyk bysDVª‚fud daI;wVj dkSu&lk Fkk\ ç'u&28- daI;wVj esa MkVk fdl Q‚eZ esa laxzfgr gksrk gS\
mÙkj& ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) mÙkj& ckbujh Q‚eZ ¼0 vkSj 1½ esaA
ç'u&5- daI;wVj fdrus ihf<+;ksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gS\ ç'u&29- ekbØksçkslslj dk vfo"dkj fdlus fd;k\
mÙkj& ik¡p ihf<+;ksa ¼5 Generations½ esaA mÙkj& baVsy daiuh ¼Intel½ usA
ç'u&6- igyh ih<+h ds daI;wVj esa dkSu&lh rduhd dk ç;ksx gqvk Fkk\ ç'u&30- daI;wVj ds tud pkyZ~l cScst us Difference Engine dc
mÙkj& oSD;we Vîwc ¼Vacuum Tube½A cuk;k Fkk\
ç'u&7- nwljh ih<+h ds daI;wVj esa fdldk mi;ksx fd;k x;k Fkk\ mÙkj& 1822 bZ- esaA
mÙkj& VªkaftLVj ¼Transistor½A ç'u&31- pkyZ~l cScts us Analytical Engine dk fMtkbu dc rS;kj fd;k\
ç'u&8- rhljh ih<+h ds daI;wVj dh eq[; fo'ks"krk D;k Fkh\ mÙkj& 1837 bZ- esaA
mÙkj& IC ¼Integrated Circuit½ dk mi;ksxA ç'u&32- fo'o dk igyk çksxkz ej Ada Lovelace us dc çksxkz feax dk dk;Z fd;k\
ç'u&9- pkSFkh ih<+h esa dkSu&lh rduhd vkbZ\ mÙkj& 1843 bZ- esaA
mÙkj& ekbØksçkslslj ¼Microprocessor½A ç'u&33- igyk fo|qr ;kaf=d daI;wVj Øs&3 dc cuk;k x;k\
ç'u&10- orZeku esa ge fdl ih<+h ds daI;wVj dk mi;ksx dj jgs gSa\ mÙkj& 1941 esa ¼Konrad Zuse }kjk] teZuh esa½A
mÙkj& ik¡poha ih<+h dsA ç'u&34- igyk bysDVª‚fud fMftVy daI;wVj ENIAC dc fodflr gqvk\
ç'u&11- pkyZ~l cScst us dkSu&dkSu ls ;a= cuk, Fks\ mÙkj& 1946 esaA
mÙkj& fMQjsal batu vkSj ,ukfyfVdy batuA ç'u&35- igyk O;kolkf;d daI;wVj UNIVAC-I dc rS;kj gqvk\
ç'u&12- daI;wVj dk bfrgkl dc ls 'kq: gqvk\ mÙkj& 1951 esaA
mÙkj& yxHkx 19oha 'krkCnh lsA ç'u&36- Vªkfa tLVj dk mi;ksx nwljh ih<+h ds daI;wVj esa dc 'kq: gqvk\
ç'u&13- daI;wVj ds igys çksxzkej dkSu Fks\ mÙkj& 1956 lsA
mÙkj& ,Mk yoysl ¼Ada Lovelace½A ç'u&37- Integrated Circuit ¼IC½ dk ç;ksx rhljh ih<+h esa dc 'kq: gqvk\
ç'u&14- igyk ilZuy daI;wVj fdlus cuk;k Fkk\ mÙkj& 1964 lsA
mÙkj& IBM us 1981 esaA ç'u&38- ekbØksçkslslj dk fodkl dc gqvk\
ç'u&15- Hkkjr dk igyk lqij daI;wVj dkSu&lk Fkk\ mÙkj& 1971 esa ¼Intel 4004½A
mÙkj& PARAM 8000A ç'u&39- IBM us viuk igyk ilZuy daI;wVj ¼PC½ dc ykap fd;k\
ç'u&16- PARAM 8000 dks fdlus fodflr fd;k\ mÙkj& 1981 esaA
mÙkj& C-DAC ¼Centre for Development of Advanced Computing½ usA ç'u&40- Hkkjr esa igyk daI;wVj dc LFkkfir fd;k x;k\
ç'u&17- daI;wVj dh Hkk"kk D;k dgykrh gS\ mÙkj& 1955 esa] dksydkrk ds Indian Statistical Institute esaA
mÙkj& e'khu Hkk"kk ¼Machine Language½A ç'u&41- RPANET ¼Internet dh 'kq#vkr½ dc gqbZ Fkh\
ç'u&18- daI;wVj dks fganh esa D;k dgrs gSa\ mÙkj& 1969 esaA
mÙkj& lax.kdA ç'u&42- C-DAC us Hkkjr dk igyk lqij daI;wVj PARAM 8000 dc
ç'u&19 daI;wVj ds eq[; vo;o ¼Components½ dkSu&dkSu ls gSa\ fodflr fd;k\
mÙkj& buiqV ;wfuV] çkslfs lax ;wfuV] vkmViqV ;wfuV] vkSj LVksjt
s ;wfuVA mÙkj& 1991 esaA
ç'u&20- vk/kqfud daI;wVj dh uhao fdl fl)kar ij vk/kkfjr gS\ ç'u&43- GUI ¼Graphical User Interface½ vk/kkfjr daI;wVj dc vk,\
mÙkj& ckbujh flLVe ¼Binary System½A mÙkj& 1980 ds n'kd esa ¼Apple vkSj Windows }kjk½A
ç'u&21- Hkkjr esa daI;wVj lcls igys dgk¡ LFkkfir gqvk\ ç'u&44- Microsoft Windows dk igyk laLdj.k dc vk;k\
mÙkj& dksydkrk ds Indian Statistical Institute esaA mÙkj& 1985 esaA
ç'u&22- daI;wVj 'kCn dh mRifÙk fdl Hkk"kk ls gqbZ gS\ ç'u&45- Hkkjr esa daI;wVj f'k{kk dk foLrkj eq[;r% dc 'kq: gqvk\
mÙkj& ySfVu Hkk"kk ls – ÞComputeß 'kCn lsA mÙkj& 1990 ds cknA
ç'u&23- daI;wVj ds rhu eq[; dk;Z D;k gSa\ ç'u&46- daI;wVj dh ikapoha ih<+h dc ls ekuh tkrh gS\
mÙkj& buiqV ysuk] çkslsl djuk] vkmViqV nsukA mÙkj& 1980 ds n'kd ds var lsA
ç'u&24- IBM dk iwjk uke D;k gS\ ç'u&47 ¶y‚ih fMLd dk vkfo"dkj dc gqvk\
mÙkj& International Business MachinesA mÙkj& 1969 esa ¼IBM }kjk½A
ç'u&48- ekml dk vkfo"dkj fdlus vkSj dc fd;k\ mÙkj& e‚fuVj] fçaVj
mÙkj& MXyl ,axsycVZ ¼Douglas Engelbart½ us 1964 esaA ç'u&75- çkbejh eseksjh ds nks çdkj dkSu&dkSu ls gSa\
ç'u&49- baVjusV dks Hkkjr esa vke yksxksa ds fy, miyC/k dc djk;k x;k\ mÙkj& RAM vkSj ROM
mÙkj& 1995 esaA ç'u&76- daI;wVj flLVe dk lcls rst eseksjh dkSu&lh gksrh gS\
ç'u&50- daI;wVj dh fdruh ihf<+;k¡ ¼Generation½ gksrh gSa\ mÙkj& dS'k eseksjh
mÙkj& ik¡p ¼5½ ç'u&77- BIOS dk dk;Z D;k gksrk gS\
ç'u&51- igyh ih<+h dk le;dky D;k Fkk\ mÙkj& daI;wVj dks LVkVZ djus ds fy, vko';d csfld lsfVaXl nsuk
mÙkj& 1940 – 1956 ç'u&78- daI;wVj cwfVax D;k gS\
ç'u&52- nwljh ih<+h dk le;dky D;k Fkk\ mÙkj& daI;wVj dks pkyw dj OS dks yksM djuk
mÙkj& 1956 – 1963 ç'u&79- dkSu&lk fMokbl MsVk dks LFkk;h :i ls LVksj ugha djrk\
ç'u&53- rhljh ih<+h dk le;dky D;k Fkk\ mÙkj& RAM
mÙkj& 1964 – 1971 ç'u&80- daI;wVj flLVe esa fçaVj fdl çdkj dk fMokbl gS\
ç'u&54- pkSFkh ih<+h dk le;dky D;k Fkk\ mÙkj& vkmViqV fMokbl
mÙkj& 1971 – orZeku ¼dqN gn rd½ ç'u&81- LdSuj fdl çdkj dk fMokbl gS\
ç'u&55- ik¡poha ih<+h dh 'kq#vkr dc ekuh tkrh gS\ mÙkj& buiqV fMokbl
mÙkj& 1980 ds ckn ç'u&82- USB dk iwjk uke D;k gS\
ç'u&56- igyh ih<+h dk çeq[k daI;wVj dkSu&lk Fkk\ mÙkj& Universal Serial Bus
mÙkj& ENIAC, UNIVAC ç'u&83- daI;wVj esa "Processing" fdlds ek/;e ls gksrk gS\
ç'u&57- daI;wVj flLVe D;k gS\ mÙkj& CPU ds ek/;e ls
mÙkj& ,d ,slk bysDVª‚fud flLVe tks buiqV ysrk gS] çkslsl djrk ç'u&84- daI;wVj flLVe esa Power Supply dk dk;Z D;k gksrk gS\
gS vkSj vkmViqV nsrk gSA mÙkj& daI;wVj ds lHkh fgLlksa dks fctyh nsuk
ç'u&58- daI;wVj flLVe ds eq[; Hkkx dkSu&dkSu ls gSa\ ç'u&85- daI;wVj flLVe esa ;wtj vkSj gkMZo;s j ds chp dkSu dk;Z djrk gS\
mÙkj& gkMZo;s j] l‚¶Vos;j] buiqV fMokbl] vkmViqV fMokbl] eseksjhA mÙkj& v‚ijsfVax flLVe
ç'u&59- daI;wVj flLVe dk efLr"d D;k dgykrk gS\ ç'u&86- daI;wVj flLVe esa MkVk dks vLFkk;h :i ls LVksj djus okyh
mÙkj& CPU ¼Central Processing Unit½ lcls rst eseksjh dkSu&lh gS\
ç'u&60- CPU ds fdrus eq[; Hkkx gksrs gSa\ mÙkj& dS'k eseksjh ¼Cache Memory½
mÙkj& rhu – ALU, CU, vkSj eseksjh ;wfuVA ç'u&87- daI;wVj flLVe esa y‚ftd vkSj xf.krh; fØ;k,¡ dkSu djrk gS\
ç'u&61- CU dk iwjk uke D;k gS\ mÙkj& ALU
mÙkj& Control Unit ç'u&88- daI;wVj esa MkVk dk lcls NksVk bdkbZ D;k gS\
ç'u&62- daI;wVj esa MkVk çkslsflax dk dk;Z dkSu djrk gS\ mÙkj& fcV ¼Bit½
mÙkj& ALU ç'u&89- 1 ckbV esa fdrus fcV gksrs gSa\
ç'u&63- daI;wVj flLVe esa RAM vkSj ROM fdl Js.kh esa vkrs gSa\ mÙkj& 8 fcV
mÙkj& eseksjh ;wfuV ç'u&90- ekml dk mi;ksx fdlfy, fd;k tkrk gS\
ç'u&64- buiqV fMokbl dk dk;Z D;k gksrk gS\ mÙkj& LØhu ij dlZj dks fu;af=r djus ds fy,
mÙkj& ;wtj ls MkVk ysuk ç'u&91- daI;wVj esa cSdvi dk vFkZ D;k gksrk gS\
ç'u&65- vkmViqV fMokbl dk dk;Z D;k gksrk gS\ mÙkj& MkVk dh nwljh d‚ih cukuk
mÙkj& çkslsl fd, x, MkVk dks ;wtj dks fn[kkuk ç'u&92- daI;wVj esa çkFkfed vkSj f}rh;d eseksjh esa D;k varj gS\
ç'u&66- CPU dks fdl uke ls tkuk tkrk gS\ mÙkj& çkFkfed eseksjh rst vkSj vLFkk;h gksrh gS] tcfd f}rh;d
mÙkj& daI;wVj dk efLr"d ¼Brain of Computer½ LFkk;h vkSj cM+h gksrh gSA
ç'u&67- daI;wVj flLVe esa v‚ijsfVax flLVe dk D;k dk;Z gS\ ç'u&93- daI;wVj flLVe esa UPS dk D;k dk;Z gS\
mÙkj& gkMZos;j vkSj l‚¶Vos;j ds chp leUo; LFkkfir djuk mÙkj& fctyh tkus ij dqN le; ds fy, daI;wVj dks ikoj nsuk
ç'u&68- gkMZos;j D;k gS\ ç'u&94- daI;wVj dks pkyw djus dh çfØ;k dks D;k dgrs gSa\
mÙkj& daI;wVj ds os fgLls ftUgsa ge Nw ldrs gSaA mÙkj& cwfVax ¼Booting½
ç'u&69- l‚¶Vos;j D;k gS\ ç'u&95- lcls 'kfä'kkyh daI;wVj dkSu&lk gksrk gS\
mÙkj& daI;wVj ds çksxkz e ftUgsa ge Nw ugha ldrs] ysfdu pyk ldrs gSA mÙkj& lqij daI;wVj ¼Super Computer½
ç'u&70- daI;wVj dh çkFkfed eseksjh D;k gksrh gS\ ç'u&96- lqij daI;wVj dk mi;ksx dgk¡ fd;k tkrk gS\
mÙkj& RAM mÙkj& ekSle iwokZuqeku] ijek.kq vuqla/kku] oSKkfud x.kuk
ç'u&71- dkSu&lh eseksjh LFkk;h gksrh gS\ ç'u&97- Hkkjr dk igyk lqij daI;wVj dkSu&lk Fkk\
mÙkj& ROM mÙkj& PARAM 8000 ¼1991 esa½
ç'u&72- daI;wVj flLVe esa gkMZ fMLd fdl dke vkrh gS\ ç'u&98- esuÝse daI;wVj fdl fy, mi;ksxh gksrs gSa\
mÙkj& MkVk dks LFkk;h :i ls LVksj djus ds fy, mÙkj& cM+h laLFkkvksa esa MsVk çkslsflax ds fy,
ç'u&73- ,d mnkgj.k crkb, buiqV fMokbl dkA ç'u&99- feuh daI;wVj dk ç;ksx dgk¡ gksrk gS\
mÙkj& dhcksMZ] ekml mÙkj& NksVs m|ksxksa vkSj dk;kZy;ksa esa
ç'u&74- ,d mnkgj.k crkb, vkmViqV fMokbl dkA ç'u&100-ekbØks daI;wVj D;k gksrk gS\