Textile Coloration I
1. Mention the features of colorants.
2. Define affinity, substantivity, adsorption and absorption.
3. Classify natural dyes with examples.
4. Suppose, 1 ton S/J cotton fabric is dyed with reactive dye in light shade. If liquor ratio is
reduced from 10:1 to 5:1, how much salt can be saved?
5. Explain the role of electrolytes in dyeing of cotton fibre with reactive dyes.
6. What is hydrolysis of reactive dyes? How can we control hydrolysis of reactive dyes?
7. Why direct dye is so named? How can the fastness properties of direct dyes be
improved?
8. Formulate a recipe for dyeing of acrylic material with basic dye and describe the
process.
9. What is vatting? Demonstrate the redox reaction of vat dye with cotton fabric.
10. State the importance of soaping during dyeing with vat dye.
11. Describe the dyeing process of silk fabric with acid using suitable recipe.
12. What is mordanting? Discuss about the application of mordants for normal dyes.
13. Write about the toxicity of natural dyes.
14. Differentiate between topping and color addition.
15. Why is printing done on textile fabric?
16. State the function with example of following print paste ingredients:
i) Thickener
ii) Acid liberating agent
iii) Oxidizing and reducing agent
17. Explain the steaming mechanism for print fixation.
18. List different styles of printing. Light through on white discharge style of printing with
indigo and reduction reaction.
19. Discuss about the print paste rheology.
20. What are the importance of print paste viscosity? How can the viscosity of print paste
be measured?
21. Mention the factors which are considered to select suitable thickeners.
22. Define screen and mesh count.
23. Describe different squeeze systems in rotary screen printing machine.
24. Which screen printing method is widely used for garment printing? Illustrate the
method.
25. Compare between flat bed and rotary screen printing method.
26. Show a schematic representation of a four-colored roller printing machine with working
principle.
27. State the faults in roller printing method with causes and remedies.
28. Formulate a recipe for printing of cotton fabric with reactive dye using flatbed screen
printing method and discuss the process.
29. Define dyes and pigments. Write down the difference between dyes and pigments.
30. Write short note on:
1. Chromophore
2. Auxochrome
3. Chromogen
31. Show the chemical structure of following chromophore group:
1. Azo
2. Indamine
3. Anthraquinone
4. Azine
32. Why direct dyes are substantive? Explain.
33. Discuss on the features of direct dyes.
34. Briefly describe the process and recipe of cotton fabric dyeing with direct dyes.
35. Why reactive dyes are so called? Show general structure of reactive dyes with example.
36. What are the basic characteristics of reactive dyes?
37. Describe the process of cotton fabric dyeing with hot brand reactive dyes.
38. What is vatting? Discuss on the properties of vat dyes.
39. Through light on the mechanism of cotton fabric dyeing with vat dyes.
40. Describe the process of vat dyeing with proper recipe for cotton fabric.
41. What do you mean by printing? Show a common chart of a printing process.
42. Describe different types of printing process.
43. How to prepare print paste for reactive dyes? Describe the printing process of cotton
fabric with reactive dyes.
44. Classify thickener according to their origin.
45. How to prepare following thickeners:
1. Starch
2. Locust bean gum
3. Sodium alginate
4. CMC
46. Write the function of following print paste ingredients:
1. Thickener
2. Defoaming agent
3. Wetting agent
4. Hygroscopic agent
47. Discuss on different types of dyeing faults with their remedies.
48. Write short note on:
1. Synthetic thickener
2. Half emulsion thickener
49. Which types of photo sensitive emulsion are used for screen preparation?
50. Describe detail process of screen preparation technique with photo emulsion.
51. Write down the properties of synthetic thickener.
