Chapter 5 Chain Drive

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Parts of chain drives
5.3 Geometry of chain drives
5.4 Lubrications
5.5 Kinematics of chain drives
5.6
5.6 Kinds of failures in chain drives
5.7 Calculations of chain drives
5.8 Using of CAD software

https://sites.google.com/site/designoftransmissionsystems/Design-of-Flexible-
Elements/chain-drive

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc

 Learning Outcomes

- Compute the geometry and tensions of chain

(L01.3)
- Calculate and select the chains (LO4.4)
- Use the CAD softwares to select the chains
(LO5.2)

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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc
5.1 Introduction

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5.1 Introduction

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5.1 Introduction
https://vietjack.com/giai-bai-tap-cong-nghe-9/ly-thuyet-bai-2-cau-
tao-xe-dap.jsp
https://youtu.be/bAL_nWjuhOI

1. Sprocket rim (Vành líp); 2. Ratchet (Con cóc); 5

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc
5.1 Introduction

Leonardo da
Vinci sketched
the chain designs
in the 1500s

5.1 General

In 225 B.C., Philo

described a chain-
driven water lift
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5.1 Introduction

Power transmission chain and Houling chain 7

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5.1 Introduction

Houling chain - Xích kéo

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5.1 Introduction
a) b) c)

d) e) f)

g) h) i)

j)
Hìnhk)5.2 Các loại xích
a,b) Loads or lifting chain; v =< 0,25m/s for suspending, hoisting lowring
loads
c) Houling chain; =< 2…4m/s for propelling or carrying load in conveying
machine
d-k) Power transmission chain small pitch to reduce dynamic (impact) load
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc
5.1 Introduction
Power transmission chain: roller chain and silent chain

Roller chain drove the propellers on the Wright

Brothers’ first airplane.

Chain drive on a safety

bicycle (1895) and machine

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5.1 Introduction

Roller chain drives in a

drawworks

Roller chain drives in a

motobike
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5.1 Introduction
The first notable commercial use
of silent chain was not until
1843 in the SS Great Britain

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5.2 Type of chain (Các dạng xích)
Typical silent chain conveyor.

Plastic flat-top chain

Side-flexing flat-top chain 13

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5.2 Type of chain (Các dạng xích)

An exploded view of pin links and roller links

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5.2 Type of chain (Các dạng xích)

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 5.2 Type of chain (Các dạng xích)
An assembled roller link
Roller Chain Even number Odd number
pc
of links of links

h
1 2 3 4 5 6

do
bo

b)
Roller chain: a) The pins of chain a riveted over so
1. Inner plat; 2. Outer plat; that chains can not be taken apart.
3. Pin; 4. Bush; 5. Roller; The ends of the chain are usually
6. Tooth of sprocket joined by a connecting link with
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cotter pin.
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5.3 Geometry of chain drives

The two most common

types of connecting links for
roller chain

Final connection on a roller chain drive

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5.2 Type of chain (Các dạng xích)

Typical offset and straight link drive single chains

Roller chain offset section Double-strand roller chain

Standard multiple-strand roller chain 18

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5.3 Geometry of chain drives

ANSI B29.1-1975

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5.3 Geometry of chain drives
Silent Chain – Xích răng

Silents chain consists of a series of links fomed from laminated

steel plates. Each plate has two teeth with a space between them
to accommodate the mating tooth of the sprocket. The working
surfaces of the chain teeth are the external ones and are planes
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5.3 Geometry of chain drives With these surfaces each link
meshes with two teeth of the
sprocket.

Silent Chain – Xích răng

Single-pin with sliding-friction joints Two-pin with rolling friction 21

joints
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc
5.3 Geometry of chain drives

Connecting link for silent chain with two-

pin joints.
Nối xích với 2 chốt

Typical silent chain with side guides – Xích răng với dẫn hướng 2 bên

Typical silent chain with center guide – Xích răng với dẫn hướng ở 22
giữa
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc
5.3 Geometry of chain drives
SPROCKETS FOR ROLLER CHAIN
Four sprocket types are included in ASME B29.1
standard:
• Type A is a plain plate sprocket without hub.
• Type B has the hub on one side only.
Typical webbed
• Type C has the hub on both sides.
sprocket, type C
• Type D has a detachable hub.

Roller chain sprockets,

types A, B, and C Typical spoked
sprocket, type C. 23
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5.3 Geometry of chain drives

Roller chain
sprocket, type D.

Typical roller chain split sprocket

with split demountable hub
Taper lock bushing and 24
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc sprocket
5.3 Geometry of chain drives

Typical sprockets for multiple-

strand roller chain.

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5.3 Geometry of chain drives

Single-strand roller chain cast

sprocket wheel dimensions.
Bản vẽ mặt cắt xích 1 dãy

Multiple-strand roller chain

cast sprocket wheel
dimensions.
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc
5.3 Geometry of chain drives
Sprocket for
Sprockets for duplex silent
silent chain chain
Đĩa xích răng

Silent chain
meshing with
sprocket

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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc Sprockets for standard silent chain
5.3 Geometry of chain drives

Sprocket for
reversible
silent chain.

Typical
silent chain
drive

Layout of standard sprocket tooth form for silent chain

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Kích thước đĩa xích răng
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc
5.3 Geometry of chain drives

Standard sprocket tooth profiles for silent chains

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5.3 Geometry of chain drives

1. Number of tooth for driving sprocket: z1 = 29 – 2u; zmax  100120

2. Pitch diameter d or dp:

3. Outer diameter

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5.3 Geometry of chain drives
4. Center distance a: a = (3050)pc and amax= 80pc

To the drive has a normal mode, we should reduce the distance a, calculated by
formula (5.9), by an interval a = (0.002...0.004)a. When working, due wearing and
stretching, the chain drive should have a componets to adjust the center distance
or tension of the sprockets.
5. Number of links X:

6. Length of chans L = X.pc 31

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc
5.4 Lubrication types for chain drives
Bôi trơn bộ truyền xích

Chains need good lubrication for six important reasons:

• Lubrication helps prevents wear of the pin-bushing joint.
• Lubrication cushions impact loads.
• Lubrication dissipates heat.
• Lubrication flushes away wear debris and other foreign
materials.
• Lubrication smoothes chain to sprocket contact.
• Lubrication prevents rust and corrosion.

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5.4 Lubrication types for chain drives
Lubrication types for chain drives
Type I, manual or drip lubrication.
Type II, oil bath or slinger disk lubrication.
Type III, oil stream lubrication.

Manual lubrication

Drip lubrication 33
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5.4 Lubrication types for chain drives

Oil bath lubrication

Slinger disk lubrication 34

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc
5.4 Lubrication types for chain drives

Oil stream lubrication

(Forced feed lubrication)

Oil distribution with oil stream lubrication

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5.4 Lubrication types for chain drives

Typical chain casing

Chain casing dimensions

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5.5 Velocity and speed ratio
1- Average velocity and speed ration
n – speed of rotation rpm
dn n zp c z 2 n1
v  ;u   , z – number of teeth
60000 60000 z1 z 2 pc – chain pitch, mm
2- The Instantaneous velocity and speed ratio
v1 v
v1 A
 v, m/s
v2 v2
B v2
1 v1 v
C


v
 v1

t, s

1 d2 cos  
ut  
2 d1 cos  37
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc
5.5 Velocity and speed ratio
where 1 – constant angular velocity of driving
For driving sprocket: sprocket
v1 = 0,51d1sin; D1 – pitch diameter of driving sprocket
 - angle between tooth and vertical when
v2 = 0,51d1cos the driving
joint is turn -1/2    1/2 and 1 = 2/z1
For driven sprocket:
v’1 = 0,52d2sin; v2’= 0,52d2cos
-2/2    2/2 and 2 = 2/z2
2- The Instantaneous velocity and speed ratio v2= v2’
1 d2 cos 
ut  
2 d1 cos 
- The speed ratio is not constant;
- The greater number of teeth on the sprockets the uniform the
motion
- Then speed ratio close to one, the more uniform the motion will be
and when z1= z2 then u = constant
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5.5 Velocity and speed ratio
Speed Variation

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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc Chordal action
5.5 Tension and force acting on shaft
Useful force: Ft = F1 – F2

The tension of the chain due to the centrifugal: Fv = q m v 2

v – chain velocity, m/s; qm- the weight per 1 meter of length
chain of the side taken.
The initial tension from the weight: Fo = Kfaqmg
Kf- coefficient dependent for the angle  of inclination of the
drive to: the horizontal;  = 0 - Kf=6;  up to 400 - Kf=4;  over
400 - Kf=2 and  = 900 - Kf=1
g = 9.81 m/s2 – acceleration of gravity

Tension in the tight and loose sides: F1  Ft; F2  0

Force acting on the shaft: Fr = KmFt
Kf- coefficient of weight chain dependent for the angle  of
inclination of the drive to:  = 0 (the horizontal) up to 400 -
Kf=1,15;  over 400 to 900 - Kf= 1;
Ft – Useful force 40
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc
5.7 Failure and criteria of calculation

Worn roller chain drive sprocket

Worn roller chain idler sprocket

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5.7 Failure and criteria of calculation

a -the worn tooth carries roller A well past the

normal disengagement point.
b - The slack span tension pulls roller A out of the
“hook” on the worn tooth.
c - The chain snaps back and roller B impacts the
next tooth
New roller chain on a worn sprocket
(Xích mới trên đĩa xích đã mòn)
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5.7 Failure and criteria of calculation
WEAR and STRENGH
Sprockets with new
and worn chain

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5.7 Failure and criteria of calculation

2
1
F F

do
a) b)

PC

pc

o
d
p’ c
F F


c) Baùnh daãn
d) d’

a
d
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc
5.8 Calculations of drives
Calculation of roller chain according to wear resistance
Ft Kx
p   [ p ]  [ po ]
A K
Factors : K = KrKaKoKdcKbKlv
infer from here: P  Ft v  [ p o ] A z1 n1 p c K
1 x
1000 1000 K 60000
[ po ] Az 01n01 pc
if we put: [ P] 
6.107
KK z K n P1
We have: Pt   [ P]
Kx
where: Pt - calculated power
- [P] - allowable power of single-row roller drive with pitch chain pc
- Kz = 25/z1 - factor taking into account the influence of sprocket teeth
-Kn = n01/n1 - the coefficient of rotational speed, the value of n01 is given in table (5.4).

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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc
5.8 Calculations of drives

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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc
5.8 Calculations of drives

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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nguyen Huu Loc
5.8 Calculations of drives
Capacities of chains – Khả năng tải xích

Rated Horsepower
Capacity of Single-
Strand Single-Pitch
Roller Chain for a 17-
Tooth Sprocket
Source: Compiled
from ANSI B29.1-
1975 information
only section, and
from B29.9-1958.

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PGS.TS Nguyễn Hữu Lộc
5.8 Calculations of drives

The capacities of chains

are based on the
following:
• 15 000 h at full load
• Single strand
• ANSI proportions
• Service factor of unity
• 100 pitches in length
• Recommended
lubrication
• Elongation maximum of 3
percent
• Horizontal shafts
• Two 17-tooth sprockets

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PGS.TS Nguyễn Hữu Lộc
5.8 Calculations of drives

Check calculation:

T1 K P1 K
pc  2,82 3  600 3
z1[ po ]K x z1n1[ po ]K x

Derive the formula for determining the load capacity:

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5.8 Calculations of drives

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PGS.TS Nguyễn Hữu Lộc
 Exercise
Exercise 4.6 (4.8)

Calculate the roller chain drive used to transmit motion

and power to the main shaft of the automatic lathe
according to the given data: power on the driving sprocket
P1 = 2.6 kW, the number of revolutions of the driven
sprocket n2 = 400 vg/ph , speed ratio u = 2, center
distance a = 750 mm, center distance is adjustable, low
impact load, periodic lubrication, working two shifts per
day, the line connecting the centerline of the incline to the
horizontal at an angle of 80 degrees.

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PGS.TS Nguyễn Hữu Lộc
 Exercise
Exercise 4.16

The roller chain transmission has the following parameters:

chain pitch pc = 25.4 mm, number of teeth of driving sprocket z1
= 25, speed ratio u = 2, number of revolutions of driving sprocket
n1 = 540 rpm. Horizontal transmission, working with light impact,
center distance a = 1000 mm, periodically lubricated, sprocket
shaft adjustable, working 1 shift, chain 1 row.
a) Determine the load capacity of the chain drive (calculate the
torque T1 and the transmission power P1).
b) If the lubrication condition is changed to continuous, to
transmit the power found in a) what is the chain pitch pc?

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PGS.TS Nguyễn Hữu Lộc