Basics of Computer - Notes
1. What is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic machine that takes data (input), processes it, and produces output.
2. Characteristics of a Computer
- Speed: Executes millions of instructions per second
- Accuracy: High precision
- Automation: Works on its own after instructions
- Storage: Stores large data volumes
- Versatility: Can perform multiple tasks
- Multitasking: Run many apps simultaneously
3. Components of Computer
Two types:
- Hardware: Physical parts
- Software: Programs/instructions
4. Block Diagram of Computer System
Input --> Processing --> Storage --> Output
Examples:
- Input: Keyboard
- Processing: CPU
- Storage: Hard Disk
- Output: Monitor
5. Input Devices
Devices used to enter data into a computer.
Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, Webcam, Joystick
6. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Basics of Computer - Notes
The brain of the computer. It includes:
- ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): calculations
- CU (Control Unit): controls operations
- Registers: small memory units
7. Output Devices
Used to show processing results.
Examples: Monitor, Printer, Speaker, Projector
8. Memory / Storage
Primary Memory:
- RAM: Volatile
- ROM: Permanent
Secondary Memory:
- Hard Disk, SSD, CD/DVD, Pen Drive
9. Software
Programs that run the computer.
Types:
- System Software: OS, Drivers
- Application Software: MS Word, Browsers
- Utility Software: Antivirus, Compression tools
10. Types of Computers
- Supercomputer: Very powerful
- Mainframe: Large organizations
- Mini Computer: Mid-size
- Microcomputer: PCs, laptops
Basics of Computer - Notes
11. Advantages of Computer
- Fast and accurate
- Time-saving
- Data storage
- Automation
- Multitasking
12. Limitations of Computer
- No intelligence
- Depends on input
- No decision making
- Viruses
- Needs power/maintenance
Key Terms
CPU - Central Processing Unit
RAM - Temporary memory
ROM - Permanent memory
Hardware - Physical parts
Software - Programs
Input Device - Enters data
Output Device - Shows result
