FIRST TERM SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK 1: REVISION
WEEK 2: GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL STUDIES.
WEEK 3: ABUSE TO WHICH CHILDREN COULD BE SUBJECTED TO
WEEK 4: DRUG ABUSE I
WEEK 5: EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE II
WEEK 6: DRUG TRAFFICKING.
WEEK 7: GROUP BEHAVIOUR
WEEK 8: CORRUPTION
WEEK 9: CORRUPTION II
WEEK 10: ROLES OF DIFFERENT AGENCIES OF GOVERNMENT CHARGED WITH
THE PREVENTION OF CORRUPTION E.G. EFCC, ICPC, ETC.
WEEK 11: REVISION
WEEK 12: EXAMINATION

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 WEEK 2
GENERAL OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL STUDIES.
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lessons the students should be able to know
a. what the objectives of social studies are
b. Define the term objectives.
CONTENT
Social studies are concerned with man and his interaction with his physical and
social environment.
Objectives can be define as dealing with facts without allowing personal feelings
to confuse them.
It is also a goal or something to aim for.
Social studies aim to achieve the following objectives:
1) Ability to adapt to changing environment: social studies is learnt so that
students can easily blend to changes in their environment or other environment
they find themselves.
2) National consciousness: social studies aims at making students see
themselves first as Nigerians in all their decisions and actions instead of their
tribes. Social studies teach students that all members of the society are equal,
irrespective of gender, religion or language and we all can work together to
build our great country.
3) Inculcating the Right type of values and attitudes: social studies aim at
building in student’s good values such as integrity, discipline, honesty, etc. all
these will help individual be a responsible citizen.
4) To become a good citizen: social studies aims at making students
become a good citizen who are capable of and willing to contribute to the
development of the society.
5) Skills acquisition: students can learn various skills by studying social
studies, they can learn how to defend themselves when they are being bullied or
facing any form of harassment. Students can also learn goal setting skills which
will help them achieve their goals in life. Students can develop self-confidence
skills and other potentials they never knew existed.
6) Appreciation of cultural heritage: it teaches students to appreciate
where they come from. Social studies help us to know about the various
festivals, hairstyles, and languages that existed in Nigeria.

2
7) Profitable use of leisure time: social studies affords opportunities to the
students to develop such interests that will enable them to use their leisure
properly.
8) To prepare us for future leadership role in the society and to train us on
how to be good followers.
9) Social studies teach us to be good patriotic citizens and give us a
balanced education.
10) Social studies make us understand and appreciate different cultures in
our society.
THEORY QUESTIONS
1. What does the term objectives mean?
_________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
2. List and explain 7 general objectives of social studies
i. ________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
ii. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
iii. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
iv. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
v. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
vi. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
vii. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
3. List 7 qualities of a good citizen
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.

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4. Explain goal setting as a skill
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
______________________________________

5. Explain how social studies enable to people adapt to various culture

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

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 WEEK 3
ABUSE TO WHICH CHILDREN COULD BE SUBJECTED TO
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson the students should be able to
a. Define abuse
b. Know the abuse which children could be subjected to
c. Define sexual harassment
d. Types of sexual harassment
e. Prevention against sexual abuse
f. What to do if abused.
CONTENT
Abuse can be defined as a cruel or violence treatment of a person or animal.
Abuses can also be defined as any action that intentionally harms or injures
another person.
Abuse is the improper usage or treatment of thing, often to unfairly or
improperly. Abuse can come in any forms such as physical or verbal
maltreatment, injury, assault, violation, rape, aggression etc.
ABUSES CHILDREN CAN BE SUBJECTED TO
1) Physical abuse: it is the deliberate intention to inflict pain.
2) Emotional abuse: behaviours towards a child that can cause mental
anguish
3) Neglect: parents who are continually unavailable for the child are
considered neglectful.
4) Sexual abuse: touching a child in sexual manner or having sexual
intercourse with a child is called sexual abuse.
5) Domestic violence/ abuse: inflicting pains on an individual
6) Modern slavery: making a child do hard labour which is meant for an
adult.
7) Discriminatory abuse: this involve race, gender, disability or any
characteristics.
WHAT IS SEXUAL HARASSMENT?

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Sexual harassments is a behaviour characterized by the making of unwelcome
and inappropriate sexual remarks or physical advance in a work place or other
professional or social situation.
Sexual harassment is unwelcome sexual behaviour that’s offensive, humiliating
or intimidating.
Sexual harassment is an unwelcome and offensive comments to unwanted
physical advances and requests for sexual favour.
TYPES OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT
1) Physical harassment
2) Verbal harassment
PREVENTION AGAINST SEXUAL ABUSES
1) Avoid deserted routes by day and night.
2) Avoid alcohol and other drug
3) Learn some self-defence skills
4) Moving in company of trusted friend or adult.
5) Stay to your refusal clearly.
6) Be alert
7) Do not accept lift.
8) Pay attention to yourself when you feel you are in danger.
WHAT TO DO IF ABUSED
1) Live the scene to safe place.
2) Report immediately to a trusted adult.
3) Do not remove or clean yourself before a doctor examination.
4) Press legal charges.

OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS:
1) The unlawful attempt or threat to inflict immediate harm or death is
referred to as ____________________.
a) Mayhem
b) Assault
c) Robbery
d) Battery.
2) Asportation means _________________
a) Breathing
b) Carrying away

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c) Intimidation
d) Intentionally.
3) Domestic violence includes all except ________________
a) Stalking
b) Date rape
c) Marital rape
d) Child rape.
4) _______________ is conduct that places or may place another person in
danger of death or serious bodily injuries.
a) Reckless assault
b) Negligence
c) Domestic violence
d) Battery.
5) Sexual relations between children and family members or relatives who
are legally too close to marry is ______________
a) Interrelation
b) Bigamy
c) Incest
d) Monogamy
6) Which of the following is carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and
against her will is _______________
a) Assault
b) Incest
c) Robbery
d) Rape
7) Most helpless victims abuse are _____________
a) Children
b) Women
c) Man
d) Adult.
8) _______________ is one of the preventive measures to take when abuse
a) Press legal charges
b) Be quiet
c) Be violent
d) Be careful
9) One of these is a sexual abuse
a) Rape
b) Relationship
c) Marriage.
10) ______________ is a cruel or violence treatment of a person or animal.

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a) Adoption
b) Abuse
c) Harassment.
THEORY QUESTIONS:
1. Give at least 2 definitions of abuses
i. ________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
ii. ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2. List abuses of which children can be subjected to
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
3. Define sexual harassment
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
4. Define physical abuse
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
5. Define Verbal abuse
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

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 WEEK 4 and 5
DRUG ABUSE (I)
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to
a. Define drug abuse
b. Causes of drug abuse
c. Effects of drug abuse
d. Prevention of drug abuse
CONTENT
Drug can be defined as a substance that changes the way a person’s body works,
or in a way a person thinks, acts or feels.
Drug abuse can be defined as the abnormal intake of drug or any other
substances.
Drug abuse can also be defined as the illegal or wrong use of drug or other
substances such as heroin or cocaine, to obtain temporary mood of happiness or
relief.
Drug abuse can also be described as using illegal drugs for some purpose other
than its intended use.
CAUSES OF DRUG ABUSE
1) Self-medication: people fail to use the recommended dose, as
prescribed by their doctor, and they end up being addicted to such drugs.
2) Self-confidence: youths who are naturally shy take to drugs to boost
their confidence.
3) Easy access to cigarette, Indian hemp and other hard drugs are
susceptible
4) Bad company: close contact with those who take cocaine may negatively
influence
someone to start the bad habit of wanting to smoke
5) Need to exhibit effective negative behaviour or face people: some
people believe that drug in take helps to be bold enough to face difficult people
and situations.
6) Need to keep awake: some people go into drug abuse because of the
need to keep awake during the day or night.
7) Need to excel: this is common among celebrities, some of them go into
drug abuse just because they want to enhance their performance and win at all
cost.

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8) Poverty: those who are not financially alright prefer self-medication to
visiting hospital for consultation.
9) For relaxation.
EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE
1) Mental disorder: those who take hard drugs may likely have brain
problem leading to insanity.
2) Death: those who engage in drug abuse can die untimely through road
accidents, cancer of the lungs, tuberculosis, heart attack.
3) Broken homes: people who are heavy drunkards, chain smokers, and
other hard drugs users are always irresponsible. They hardly have time for their
family.
4) Loss of jobs: employees known to be taking hard drugs can never be
retained by their employers, they are seen as unfit to be in a work place, they
may also pose as a threat to everyone around.
5) Divorce: many couples have ended their marriage on discovering that
their partner is a drug addict. Some opt for divorce so that their children do not
take over the bad attitude of their drug addict spouse, or to avoid the stigma
and shame of being called the husband or wife of a drug addict.
6) Isolation: when a person is high on drugs, he isolates himself from
everyone around him, eventually making his drugs of choice his only companion.
7) Unplanned and unsafe sex: some youth who are into drugs and alcohol
often have unprotected sex with people of opposite sex, and this may lead to
unplanned pregnancies or HIV/AIDS. While some died in the process of aborting
the pregnancy.
8) Risk of accidents: a lot of accidents are caused by the carelessness of an
individuals who are driving under the influence of hard drugs and alcohol.
9) Denial of visa: drug addicts are usually denied entry into other countries,
especially to foreign countries, this is because they are regarded as threats.
10) Menace to the society: those who take hard drugs become nonentities
and a problem to the society, such people becomes a miscreants or area boys/
girls. They have nothing meaningful to contribute to the society but rather cause
troubles everywhere they go.
PREVENTION/ SOLUTIONS TO DRUG ABUSE
1. Roles of Parents: Parents should teach their children moral values. They
should endeavour to know who their children’s friend is.
2. The School Curriculum: The inclusion of the topic in primary and post-
primary curriculum is a good decision on part of the government.

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3. Establishment of Counselling centres for drug control: Counselling
centres should be established in every community by the government in
collaboration with private individuals.
4. Family Awareness: Through mass media parents have more information
about drug abuse and its effects.
5. Designing a curriculum on drugs education: The Ministry of Education (at
state and federal levels) should as a matter of urgency, add drug education to
the curricula at all levels of our education.
6. Public enlightenment Programmes on Drugs Abuse: Government should
intensify efforts at educating parents and youths about effects of drug abuse.
7. Campaign against drug abuse: The National Drugs Law Enforcement
Agency {NDLEA} should intensify the anti-drug campaigns in order to make our
society drug-free.
8. Schools: School authority should from time to time educate their
students on the subjects on the subject of drug abuse.
9. Busy schedules for students: Teens that go for football or basketball
practice, music clubs, or other structured activities are less likely to get involved
in drugs.
10. Religious Groups: Churches and mosques should use the holy books to
speak to their congregations against drug abuse particularly the youths.
11. Rehabilitation centres: Drug addicts should be taken to rehabilitation
centres, where trained professionals will help them stop the addiction.
12. Sales of Drugs: Drugs should be sold by professional pharmacists. The
sale of drugs by so-called chemists in ramshackle shops, kiosks and stalls should
be discouraged.
13. Role of the school: Security measures should be put in place to eliminate
the presence of hard drugs and alcohol from school premises.
14. Fight against hard and fake drugs should continue: The fight against
importation and exportation of hard and fake drugs by NDLEA and NAFDAC
respectively should be sustained.
15. Role of the government: Government should embark on public
enlightenment campaigns against consumption of hard drugs and alcohol, using
billboards, radio/ TV jingles, pamphlets, etc.
16. Choosing Good Friends: Parents should encourage their children to
choose good friends which can influence them positively against drug abuse.
17. Check-ups: Monthly medical check-ups and drugs tests will help
tremendously in solving or preventing drug abuse.
18. Forming Drug Free Clubs: Schools should form drug free clubs and
encourage students to be members.

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19. Profitable Use of Time: Students should be engaged in sports and
religious activities for physical and moral development instead of being exposed
to drugs.
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1) What is drug?
a) A chemical that affect your body and mind
b) A chemical that helps your body and mind
c) A chemical that hurts your body and mind.
d) A chemical that kills your body and mind.
2) Drug abuse is the following except one
a) Drug that is taken without medical prescription.
b) Excessive and persistent self-medication.
c) Indiscriminate intake of drugs in order to sleep
d) Drugs taken as prescribed by a medical doctor.
3) The following are types of drugs that can be abused except one
a) Vegetable
b) Cigarettes
c) Crack
d) Narcotics.
4) Which of the following causes drug abuse in the society?
a) Good family upbringing
b) Good family reputation
c) A sound mind
d) Negative peer group
5) Which one of these is not an effect of drugs on the human body?
a) Prayerlessness
b) Impaired memory and low self esteem
c) Stroke
d) Typhoid.
6) Drug abuse has drastic effects on the following excepts on the following
except on the ___________.
a) Individual
b) Community
c) Media
d) International community.
7) Reasons for drug abuse are all the following except
a) Stress
b) Presence of good counsellors
c) Self-medication

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d) Misinformation.
8) Drug abuse can be prevented through the following means except
_____________
a) Sound family education on drugs
b) Campaign against drug abuse
c) Nonchalant attitude of some parents
d) Busy schedules.
9) Which of the following are agencies that fight against drug and drug
abuse in our society.
a) NAFDAC and NDLEA
b) WOTCLEF and WOCON
c) CAHTSEC and UNIFEM
d) ALERT and NAPTIP.
10) One of the solutions to drug abuse is ______________
a) Rehabilitation centre
b) Club
c) Bar
d) Cyber.
THEORY QUESTIONS.
1. Define drug
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
2. What is drug abuse?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
3. List and explain 7 causes of drug abuse
i. ________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
ii. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
iii. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
iv. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
v. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

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vi. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
vii. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
4. Suggest 5 ways of discouraging drug abuse
i. ________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
ii. ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
iii. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
iv. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
v. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
5. List 10 ways preventing drug abuse
i. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
ii. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iii. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iv. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
v. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
vi. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
vii. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
viii. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
ix. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
x. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

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 WEEK 6
DRUG TRAFFICKING

OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lessons the students should be able to know
a. Drug trafficking
b. Reasons for drug trafficking
c. Consequences of drug trafficking
d. Prevention of drug trafficking.
CONTENT
What is drug trafficking?
Trafficking means to deal or trade in something illegal.
Drug trafficking is a serious offence which attracts death sentence in some
countries.
Drug trafficking refers to the illegal act of carrying or transporting hard drugs like
cocaine, heroin, Indian hemp and many others within or outside a country.
Drug abuse can also be mean cultivation, manufacture, transportation,
distribution and sale of illegal drugs or substances within and outside the
country.
Drug abuse can also be defined as the act of exporting drugs illegally for sale in
another country.
Those who engage in this illegal business are called drug traffickers, or drug
barons.
REASONS FOR DRUG ABUSE
There are various reasons why people indulge in drug trafficking. The reasons
include
1) Unemployment: there are many youths including graduates who roam
the streets without a job, or a means of livelihood. some unemployed
individuals feel that engaging in drug trafficking will help them in earning
enough income that will sustain them and their family.
2) Poverty: this is the state of having very little or not enough money to
take care of basic needs, poverty can lead a person to commit crime in order to
survive the economic. People who are poor may be forced to become drug
baron so that they can become suddenly rich.

15
3) Greed: is defined as having a strong desire to acquire more wealth. It is
also the unyielding desire for status and power.as a result of greed, people
involve themselves in drug trafficking. Therefore, the tendency and desire for
wealth and materialism is a major reason for drug trafficking.
4) Ignorance: many people have been lured into drug smuggling as a result
of ignorance, people ignorantly go into drug trafficking and drug barons woo
innocent people into illegal act without making them know the implication.
5) Corruption: some corrupt law enforcement agents at the seaport and
airport accepts bribes in order for the drug peddlers to travel unnoticed at the
irport and the border.
6) Many people see the business as a fast way of making a lot of money.
This attracts them into illegal act.
7) Bad friends: sometimes children are forced to do things that are bad by
their peers, keeping friends who are involved in drugs or drug abuse or drug
trafficking could cause one to be easily influenced.
8) Indiscipline: those who lack self-discipline can be easily enticed and
wooed into drug trafficking by drug barons.
Some of the methods of trafficking drugs
1) Swallowing the drugs
2) Tying the drugs in the nylon bag
3) Sealed in a capsules.
4) Hiding them inside one’s luggage
5) Stuffing them inside dead bodies, laptops etc.
CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG TRAFFICKNG.
Drugs and drug trafficking have various negative consequences, these include
1) It dents the country’s image: nations whose citizens are known for drug
trafficking are always avoided. Drug traffickers gives a country a negative image.
2) It increases crime: drug trafficking affects the national security of a
country, it promotes and increases the crime rate especially among the youths.
Most of those who take hard drugs always engage in crimes like armed robbery,
hooliganism, and many others. Drug abuse is connected with drug trafficking are
both are enemies of the society.
3) Disgrace to the family and community: drug traffickers who are arrested
are seen as criminals, their actions or activities brings shame to their families
and communities, and people in the community will be avoiding relations of
such person.

16
4) It causes untimely death: people who carry hard drugs by swallowing
them a times die suddenly. Also some countries sentence drug offenders to
death.
5) Seizure of assets and property: when drug offenders are caught by
government authorities, their account are frozen and their properties are seized
by the government.
OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS:
1) Drug trafficking is ____________
a) Trading in and transportation of drugs
b) Drug addiction.
c) Drug mobilisation.
2) One of the reasons for drug trafficking is _____________
a) Fun
b) Long life
c) Greed
3) The following are the types of drugs people trafficks except
a) Paracetamol
b) Marijuana
c) Indian hemp
4) The following can be the danger of drug pedellers except _______
a) Imprisonment
b) Bad image
c) Good health
5) Drug trafficking could be prevented through the following except
_________
a) Cooperation
b) Awareness
c) Corruption
6) ____________ means to deal or trade in something illegal
a) Drug
b) Drug abuse
c) Drug trafficking.
7) One of the methods used in trafficking drugs includes ______________
a) Buying it at the market
b) Publishing them on air
c) Sealed the drug in a capsules.
8) _________ is defined as having a strong desire to acquire more wealth
a) Power
b) Greed

17
c) Authority
9) Drug traffickers who are arrested are seen as ______
a) Messiah
b) Responsible
c) Criminal
10) Drug traffickers affects the _______________ of the country
a) National security
b) Business
c) Culture.
THEORY QUESTIONS
1) Define drug trafficking -
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
2) List and explain 5 reasons for trafficking
i. ________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
ii. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
iii. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
iv. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
v. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3) List 4 ways of preventing drug abuse
i. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
ii. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iii. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iv. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

4) List 3 types of hard drugs

i.
ii.
iii.

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5) List and explain 5 consequences of drug trafficking.
i. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
ii. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iii. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iv. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
v. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

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 WEEK 7
GROUP BEHAVIOUR
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson the students should be able to
a. Define group behaviour
b. Types of group behaviour
c. Characteristics of group behaviour
d. Benefits of positive behaviour.
CONTENT
A group can be described as a collection of two or more individuals
interdependently interacting to achieve their common goals.
A group is a number of persons who share a feeling of belonging and therefore
interact with one another.
Group behaviour refers to the situations where people interact in large or small
groups.
Group behaviour also refers to the way in which people with similar traits
behave and interact in order to achieve a common goal.
Group behaviour refers to the situation when people interact in large or small
group.
TYPES OF GROUP BEHAVIOUR
1) Communal labour: it refers to a work of a group of people who do some
jobs for a community usually free of charge. It is thus collective efforts that bring
progress in a society.
This also refers to a situation where people in a group jointly carry out a task
beneficial to the entire society.
2) Mass action: this refers to a group’s immediate reaction to an incident.
This also refers to a situation where a large number of people react to the
occurrence of an incident.
For instance, if a thief is caught, people rush to give jungle justice instead of
handing him over to the police for persecution.
3) Peaceful demonstration or protest: this refers to when people
peacefully show their grievances for neglect or denial of their rights and if not
properly managed it can be hijack by hoodlums and it can result to violence.
4) Spectators: these are group of people who gather together to watch a
life event, it could be football match, drama etc.

20
5) Protest march: this occurs when there is an important issue, it can also
be seen as a rally.
It is an organised mass meeting of people to make a political protest to show
support for a cause. E.g. ASSU, teacher’s union etc.
6) Cultism: this is one of the social problems facing the society particularly
among students in higher institutions, they operate secretly at night against the
law made by the school or society.
7) Gangsterism: this is when group of people constitute themselves into
gangs, thugs or area boys, engaged in various anti-social behaviours like
kidnapping, stealing etc.

CLASSIFCATION OF GROUP BEHAVIOUR

From the above group behaviour can be broadly classified into
1. Constructive or Positive Group Behaviour: this includes attitudes or
action that bring progress and development to the society. It foster unity and
peace in the society. Constructive behaviours are ways to get group works done
or those that assist with the smooth operation of the group
2. Destructive or Negative Group Behaviour: this includes group actions
that are anti- social and against societal norms. It retards progress and threatens
peace and unity in the society. Such behaviours include mob action; cultism etc.
destructive behaviours are ways of hurting others feeling or those in authority.
Characteristics Of Group Behaviour
All types of group behaviours have characteristics among them common
1) Frequent interaction: member always meet and interact: members
always meet and interact from time to time.
2) Common goal: group behaviour is focused at achieving the common goal
or aim of the group.
3) Actions may be organized or spontaneous: this depends on the nature
and aim of the group. Constructive group behaviours are always organized while
destructive group behaviours are spontaneous.
4) Co-operation among members: co-operation is always exhibited in group
behaviour.
5) Existence of rules and regulations: there are laid down rules within the
group which help in carrying out group action and the achievement of their
goals.
Characteristics Of Constructive Or Positive Group Behaviour
1) The group is ready to compromise with another party in order to resolve
an issue.

21
2) They don’t use aggression, or destroy properties in order to get the
attention needed.
3) It has an organizational structure and administrative pattern.eg trade
union
4) They make use of peaceful demonstration.
5) The interest of the society as well as members are of great importance.
6) They respect government and other people property.
Characteristics of destructive group behaviour
1) They use force and violence to achieve their goals
2) Members most times uses the group to achieve their personal interest.
3) They lack moral values.
4) Most of their members are urchins, thugs and irresponsible.
Benefits Of Positive Behaviour
1) It develops the spirit of co-operation and team work: group behaviours
particularly the positive types develop in member the spirit of cooperation and
team work. Members learn how to work together to achieve a goal.
2) Companionship: people that share similar traits always feel connected to
each other. This attitude promotes understanding and unity.
3) It helps in achievement of set goals: the goal set by members of a group
are easily achieved through group behaviour. When people work together as a
group, they are able to achieve more than what a single individual could achieve
using the same time and resource.
4) It develops good leadership and followership qualities in members:
members of a group learn how to be good followers by obeying every
instruction given by the leaders. They are also trained on good leadership
through delegation of duties by the leaders of the group.
5) It brings out best qualities in members:
6) It helps in socializing the youth: membership of a group helps an
individual to learn acceptable behaviours. It teaches the youths the right way of
reacting to a negative situation
7) It promotes peace in the society.
OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS:
1) _______________ is a number of persons who share a feeling of
belonging and interact with one another.
a) Group
b) Group behaviour
c) Attitude
2) One of the reasons why people work in group is _____________
22
a) For enjoyment
b) To enjoy self-worth
c) For violence
3) _______________ and ______________ are types of group behaviour
a) Spectators and working
b) Communal labour and spectators
c) Spectators and hospitality
4) The formation of vigilante groups to scare armed robbers away is an
example of ________
a) Constructive behaviour
b) Destructive behaviour
c) Negotiation
5) A group of students that forced a junior student to donate their
provision is an example of _____________
a) Constructive behaviour
b) Destructive behaviour
c) Negotiation.
6) If a thief is caught at the motor park, and a group of people beat and
burnt the thief is called ______
a) Jungle justice
b) Punishment
c) Begging
7) ___________ is one of the problems facing the society particularly the
students is
a) Leadership
b) Cultism
c) Social vices
8) _____________ is focused at achieving a common goal
a) Group
b) Cultism
c) Group behaviour
9) Group behaviour always exhibit __________
a) sleeplessness
b) behaviour
c) cooperation among members
10) __________ helps educate the crowd and raise public awareness.
a) Behaviour
b) Attitude
c) Protest march.

23
THEORY QUESTIONS:
1) Mention 5 types of group behaviour
i. ________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
____________________________
ii. ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
iii. ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
iv. ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________
v. ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
2) Define positive group behaviour
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________

3) State 5 characteristics of group behaviour

i. ________________________________________________________________
__________________________
ii. ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________
iii. ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________
iv. ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________
v. ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________
4) State 5 benefits of positive group behaviour
i. ________________________________________________________________
__________________________
ii. ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________
iii. ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________

24
iv. ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________
v. ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________
5) Write short note on the following
a. Communal labour
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________
b. Mass or mob action
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________
c. Peaceful demonstration
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________

25
 WEEK 8
CORRUPTION (I)
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lessons the students should be able to
a. Define corruption
b. Forms of corruption
c. Causes of corruption
d. Effects of corruption
CONTENT
Corruption is a form of dishonesty or criminal offense which is undertaken by an
individual or an organisation.
Corruption simply refers to the act of using one’s position for unofficial or
personal benefits and advantages.
Corruption is a form of dishonesty or criminal offense which is taken by a person
or organization which is entrusted in a position of authority, in order to acquire
illicit benefits or abuse power for one’s personal gain.
Corruption is defined as an abuse of entrusted power for private gain.
Corruption is also defined as dishonest or illegal behaviour especially by
powerful people such as the government officials.
Corruption can also be defined as the misuse of power for private gain.
FORMS OR TYPES OF CORRUPTION
1) Extortion: this is an act of forcing someone or an individual to pay for a
service that should be free.
2) Embezzlement of fund: embezzlement is an act of diverting the money
meant for official use to private or personal use.
3) Kick back: this is an act of inflating contract with the aim of getting the
excess fund from the contractor by the official in charge
4) Bribery: it is an act of inducing someone by using monetary and non-
monetary means to secure favour.
5) Favouritism and tribalism
6) Misuse of public office.
7) Nepotism
8) Preferential treatment: this an act whereby someone gets a favour,
contract or job not on the basis of qualification or merit but on the basis of
friendship, tribe, immoral relationship

26
CAUSES OF CORRUPTION
1) Poverty
2) Misplacement of social value
3) Impatience
4) Greed
5) Poor upbringing
6) Low pay wages or salaries
7) Lack of job opportunity.
8) Lack of transparency in affairs and deals
9) Lack of accountability
10) Tribalism.
EFFECTS OF CORRUPTION
1) Corruption increases inequality, decreases popular accountability
2) Discourages investment
3) Limit economic growth
4) It discourages honesty, integrity, and hard work
5) It increases social vices
6) It leads to unemployment.
7) It discourages foreign investment.

OBJECTIVES QESTIONS
1) ____________ is the act of using one’s position for personal benefits
a) Corruption
b) Bribery
c) Fraud
2) All the following are forms of corruption except ________________
a) Extortion
b) Virtues
c) Kick back
3) ________________ is the act of diverting money meant for official use
to private use
a) Misplacement
b) Embezzlement
c) Bribery
4) All forms of man know man arrangements are acts of _____________
a) National value
b) Constitution
c) Preferential treatment
5) The tendency to accumulate wealth propels people to be ____________

27
a) Honest
b) Loved
c) Corrupt
6) ___________ cannot grow in a nation where corruption thrives
a) Hardship
b) Education
c) Economy
7) The higher the rate of corruption, the higher the level of ___________
a) Demand and supply
b) Poverty
c) Leadership
8) Corruption has led to the increase or spread of social vices like
___________ among our youth
a) Moral standard
b) Virtue
c) Prostitution
9) The of the agency in charge of stopping corruption is_______________
a) Independent corrupt practices commission/ economic and financial
crimes commission.
b) People democratic party
c) House of assembly and house of senate.
10) One of the duties of ICPC is ___________
a) They receive and investigate report of offences
b) They argue with the offender and kill them
c) They order the arrest of citizens.
THEORY QUESTIONS:
1) What do you understand by corruption?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

2) List 5 causes of corruption

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

28
3) List four consequences of corruption
i. ________________________________________________________________
__________________________
ii. ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________
iii. ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________
iv. ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________

4) List 2 government agencies that fight against corruption

i.
ii.
b. Explain the functions of each government agencies.
i. ________________________________________________________________
__________________________
ii. ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________

29
 WEEK 10
ROLES OF DIFFERENT AGENCIES OF GOVERNMENT.
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson the students should be able to
a. Know the agencies that fight corruption
b. Know its functions
CONTENT
INDEPENDENT CORRUPTION PRACTICES AND OTHER RELATED OFFENCES
COMMISSION (ICPC)
This commission was established through the corrupt practices and other
related offences act 2000 and was signed into law by president Olusegun
Obasanjo on 13th June 2000.
The commission was inaugurated on 29th September 2000.
Functions of ICPC:
1) The commission receive and investigate report of offences as created by
the act in appropriate cases and prosecute the offenders.
2) The commission is to examine, review and enforce correction of
corruption prove systems and procedures of public bodies, with a view to
eliminating or minimizing corruption in the society.
3) The commission is to educate and enlighten the public on or against
corruption with the view to enlightens and fostering public support for the fight
against it.
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL CRIME COMMISSION (EFCC).
The law establishing EFCC is enacted in 2004. They investigate all financial
crimes like free fraud money laundering, counterfeiting etc.
Functions:
1) They are the coordination and enforcement of all economic and financial
crimes
2) They adopt measures to eradicate commission of economic and financial
crimes.
3) They examine and investigate all reported cases of economic and
financial crimes in order to identify individuals and corporate bodies or groups
involved.
4) Determination of the extent of loss and such other losses by
government, private individuals or organization.

30
5) Adoption of measures to identify trace freeze, confiscate or seize
proceeds derived from terrorist activities, economic and financial crimes related
offences or the properties or value of which corresponds to such proceeds.
CODE OF CONDUCT BUREAU
The code of conduct bureau is the government agency in charge of declaration
of assets by public office holders.
Functions:
1) Examines declarations made by public officers
2) Keeps the documents and make them available to anyone who wishes to
see to see it.
3) Receives complaints about non-compliance with or breach of the
provisions of the bureau.
4) Appoints, promotes, dismisses and exercises disciplinary control over the
staff of the bureau.
OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS:
1) Adoption of measures to eradicate economic and financial crime is done
by ____________
a) ICPC
b) EFCC
c) CODE FO BUREAU
2) Keeping of document and made them available when necessary is done
by __________
a) EFCC
b) CODE OF BUREAU
c) ICPC
3) _______________ enlighten the public on and against corruption
a) Code of bureau
b) ICPC
c) EFCC
4) Enforcement of duties is done by ___________________
a) Police
b) EFCC
c) ICPC
5) ___________ coordinate and enforce all economic and financial crime
a) NDLEA
b) ICPC
c) EFCC.

31
SCHEME OF WORK FOR SECOND TERM
WEEK 1: REVISION
WEEK 2: VALUE
WEEK 3: CULTURE AND SOCIAL VALUE
WEEK 4: CULTURE AND SOCIAL VALUE (II)
WEEK 5: MARRIAGE.
WEEK 6: FAMILY AS THE BASIC UNIT OF THE SOCIETY
WEEK 7: GENDER
WEEK 8: GENDER AND STEREOTYPE
WEEK 9: ACCIDENT IN SCHOOL
WEEK 10: HEALTH ISSUES.
WEEK 11: REVISION
WEEK 12: EXAMINATION

32
 WEEK 2
VALUE
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson the students should be able to
a. Define value
b. Source of value
c. Decisions influenced by value
d. Value clarification
CONTENT
Meaning of Value
Value can be defined as a person’s or society’s beliefs about good behaviour and
what things are important, an example of values is acceptable belief of a family,
wealth, loyalty, equality, justice.
Value is defined as the moral principles and beliefs or accepted standards of a
person or social group
Value is also the principles that help us to decide what is right and wrong and
how to act in various situations.
Value is a principle or standard as of behaviour that is considered important or
desirable.
The word value can be defined as the moral principles and standard which guide
human actions such principles are highly appreciated by people in the society
because they make society what it should be, peaceful and progressing.
SOURCES OF VALUE
1) Family: the family is the prime and most important source of obtaining
value
2) Society: as a part of society, a person learns values from society and
different groups of society. society plays a major role in developing value
system
3) Culture: is a source of values. It contains as well as reinforces individual.
People learn to include values from their parent, teachers, friends.
4) Peer group: friends and peers play a vital role in achieving values
5) Religious: individuals generally receive strength and comfort from
religion

33
6) School: it prescribes what is good or bad for individual, good behaviour
is rewarded and bad behaviour is punished.
7) Media: mass media changes our ways of thinking and living, it promotes
transformation of personality and formation of new beliefs through the
supervision of education, dissemination of knowledge.
DECISIONS INFLUENCED BY VALUE
1) Choice of friends
2) Choice of career
3) Mode of dressing
4) Treating others
5) Religion to practice
6) Value drive our actions and motivate our goals
7) Our goals help to establish our priorities in life, guide our decision
making and affect our evaluation of success and happiness in life.
VALUE CLARIFICATION
Value clarification is the process by which people come to understand their own
values and value system.
Value clarification is an on-going process of development of defining what one
believes to be most important and what one cares most.
Value clarification is a method for discovering our own value.
Value clarification is an approach that helps to clarify their goals, priorities and
values, making decisions, and implements changes.
Value clarification is the ability to recognise our values and defend it publicly.
OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS
1) Moral principle is also known as _____________
a) Value
b) Qualification
c) Authority
2) _______________ makes the society to be peaceful and progressing
a) Mass media
b) Communication
c) Value
3) ____________ is the prime and most important way of obtaining value

34
a) Family
b) Church
c) School
4) Individual generally receives strength and comfort from ____________
a) Value
b) Hard work
c) Religion
5) __________ and _____________ are sources of value
a) Integrity and hard work
b) Honesty and love
c) School and culture.
6) Choice of friends is one of the decisions influenced by ______________
a) Choice
b) Pride
c) Value
7) _______________ and ____________ are decisions influenced by value
a) Power and authority
b) Mode of dressing and treating others
c) Culture and tradition.
8) To recognise one’s value and defend it publicly is _______________
a) Unity
b) Value
c) Value clarification.
9) Moral principles of value are __________
a) Education
b) Honesty
c) Tradition
10) _____________ helps students to identify more clearly what it is the
value in specific situations.
a) Value
b) Value clarification
c) Value identification.
THEORY QUESTIONS
1) Give 3 definitions of value
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

35
_________________________________________________________________
____________________________

2) List 6 sources of value

i)________________________________________________________________
______________________
ii) ___________________________________________________________
___________________________
iii) ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________
iv) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________
v) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________
vi) ___________________________________________________________
___________________________

3) List 6 decisions influenced by value

i)____________________________________________________
ii) ___________________________________________________
iii) ____________________________________________________
iv) ____________________________________________________
v) ____________________________________________________
vi) ____________________________________________________
4) Give 3 definitions of value clarification
i)________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
ii) ______________________________________________________
iii) ______________________________________________________
iv) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________

5) List 3 importance of value

i)______________________________________________________
ii) ______________________________________________________
iii) ___________________________________________________
36
 WEEK 3/4
CULTUAL AND SOCIAL VALUES
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson the students should be able to
a. Define religion
b. Names of God in different communities in Nigeria
c. Importance of religion
d. Similarities in our religion.
e. Types of religion
CONTENT
Religion is the belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power,
especially a personal god or gods
Religion is the service and worship of God or the supernatural
Religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that
is to say, things sets apart and forbidden
Religion is a set of organized beliefs, practices, systems that most often relate to
belief and worship of a controlling force.
Religion is man’s belief in existence of God. It could also mean every effort of
man to worship and maintain close relationship with God.
Religion is a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes beliefs
and practices.
Religion is belief in worship or obedience in a supernatural being who over sees
the affairs of man’s destiny.
Names of God in different communities in Nigeria
Hausa – ubangidi
Yoruba _ olorun,olodumare
Igbo _chukwu, chineke
Fulani _ geno
Edo_ osanobwa
Ibibio/ efik – osa- Nudazi.

37
Nupe – soko
Ijaw – tamara.
Urhobo – oghene, uku, out nyo.
IMPORTANCE OF RELIGION
1) Religion provides mental peace
2) Religion inculcates social virtues
3) Religion promotes social solidarity
4) Religion gives us sense of purpose
5) Religion helps in solving personal problems
6) It is an avenue for socialization
7) It promotes moral standard by preaching honesty, integrity and holiness
8) Religion promotes peace and friendliness in the society
9) Religion provides forum to have fellowship with God
10) Religion motivates people to work for positive social change.
SIMILARITIES IN OUR RELIGION
1) All religion teaches the existence of God
2) All preach peace, love and holiness.
3) All religions include rituals, scriptures and sacred days and gatherings.
4) All religion helps in regulating our relationship with others.
5) They stressed that there is only one God.
6) Religion preaches hospitality
7) Religion preaches an after life
8) Religion preaches about loving God with all one’s heart and soul.
9) All religions preach against stealing, fighting, killing etc., they stress the
need for forgiveness.
10) The three major religions teach that there is God who lives in heaven.
TYPES OF RELIGION
There are three main types of religion in Nigeria
1) Christianity: they are the followers of Jesus Christ who was the founder,
the Christian holy book is called the holy bible. The Christian place of worship is
called the church. Among the churches in Nigeria are Anglican church, catholic
church, deeper life bible church, redeemed Christian church of God, celestial
church of Christ and many others.

38
2) Islam: Islamic religion originated from Saudi Arabia through prophet
Mohammed who was the founder of the religion. The holy book of the Muslim is
called holy Quran. Muslims usually congregate in mosque for their joint prayers.
3) African traditional religion: this refers to the worship of gods and
goddesses in various part of Nigeria. This was the main religion before the
advent of Christianity and Islam.
THEORY QUESTIONS.
1) Give at least 3 definitions of religion
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

2) Mention the three types of religion

i)______________________________________________________
ii) ______________________________________________________
iii) ______________________________________________________

3. State the differences between the three types of religion.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________

4. List 5 different names God is called in 5 dialects in Nigeria

i. ____________________________________________________________
ii. ____________________________________________________________
iii. ____________________________________________________________
iv. ____________________________________________________________
v. ____________________________________________________________

39
5. State 5 importance of religion
i. ____________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
ii. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iii. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
iv. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
v. ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

40
 WEEK 5
MARRIAGE
OBJECTIVES: at the end of the lesson, the students should be able to
a. Define marriage
b. Types of marriage
c. Purpose of marriage
d. Effects of lack of readiness in marriage
e. Importance of marriage in the society
CONTENT
Meaning of Marriage
There are different definitions of marriage. It can be defined as the formal union
of a man and a woman typically recognised by law, by which they become
husband and wife.
 Marriage is the coming together of a man and a woman as husband and wife.
 Marriage is a binding contract between the two parties that join together their
possession, income, and lives.
 In marriage, a man and a woman and their families must come together and
agree before the union can be regarded as a marriage.
 It is the union of a man and woman who make a permanent and exclusive
commitment to each other.
 Marriage has to do with love, child bearing, companionship, formation of
family, understanding and relationship.
Also, it is the coming together of a man and woman to live as husband and wife.
It is a legal relationship which exist between two matured opposite sex, for the
purpose of procreation and fellowship.
TYPES OF MARRIAGE
There are three of marriage in Nigeria:
1. Traditional or customary marriage
2. Marriage under the Marriage Act
3. Religious marriage

41
 1) TRADITIONAL OR CUSTOMARY MARRIAGE:
Traditional or customary marriage is earliest type of marriage in Nigeria. It is
usually the commonest form of marriage in villages where there are people who
are neither Christian nor Muslims.
This type of marriage is conducted by local priest and elders in society. It may
also involve the payment of a bride price by the husband. This could be paid
either in cash or by the supply of grains or animals or both to the in-laws. It may
also involve working on farm of the girl’s parent.
2) MARRIAGE UNDER THE MARRIAGE ACT
Marriage under the act is contracted in marriage registry and conducted by an
appointed government official known as the marriage registrar. Certificate is
issued at the end of the ceremony is signed by the marriage registrar as a legal
document. It does not take place in a court. Marriage under the act cannot be
dissolve until after 5 years of the contract.

3) RELIGIOUS MARRIAGE: this marriage is divided into two

a) Christian marriage: this type of marriage is performed by pastors or
priests in recognised churches, with the holy bible as the guide. This marriage is
monogamous because the man is not allowed to take another wife, no matter
the circumstances, a certificate of marriage is signed by the couple.

b) Muslim or Islamic marriage: this type of marriage is solemnised

according to Islamic doctrine, a Muslim marriage is solemnised by a recognised
imam in an approve mosque and in the presence of the families of the couple, a
certificate signed by both parties, their relations and the imam is given to the
couple. Islamic marriage is polygamous as the man is allowed to marry up to 4
wives if he is capable to cater for their needs adequately. Islamic marriage is
based on the holy Quran and hadith.
Purpose of marriage
There are several reasons why people get involve in marriage, and these include
1) Companionship: people get married in order to have someone around to
talk to, confide in, and also share good times and bad times together

42
2) Procreation: procreation grantees that there is continuity in existence of
human being.
3) Sexual satisfaction: people marry to satisfy their sexual urge, in order to
avoid promiscuity or immorality. In essence marriage checks immoral act.
4) Responsible status: marriage confers a responsible status on a man and
a woman who come together as husband and wife.
5) Financial benefit: a man and a woman may decide to get married in
order to live comfortable life.
6) Partnership: the lord God said, it is not good for the man to be alone, I
will make a helpmate suitable for him.
7) Enjoyment: let your fountain be blessed and rejoice in the wife of your
youth.
8) Completeness: women complete men because they are taken out of the
ribs of a man.
9) Protection: the husband is to protect the wife by laying down his life for
her. Husband love your wife as Christ love the church and gave himself up for
her.
10) Typify Christ and the church: marriage is to be a human object lesson of
the divine relationship between Christ and believers.
11) Support and trust: two are better than one because they are a good
reward for their toil.
Effects of lack of readiness on marriage relationship
The following are some effects of rushing into marriage without adequate
preparation
1) Depression
2) Extramarital affairs
3) Inadequate finance
4) Fights
5) Divorce
6) Separation.
7) Incompatibility
8) Broken homes
9) Lack of marriage communication
10) Keeping malice.

43
OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS
1) Marriage is the coming together of _____________
a) A man and a woman
b) A man and his siblings
c) A man, a woman and children.
2) _________ is the legal union between a man and a woman to become
husband and wife
a) Family
b) Marriage
c) Courtship
3) There are ___________ types of marriage
a) 5
b) 3
c) 2
4) The following are problems of marriage except ______
a) Infertility
b) Infidelity
c) Being honest with each other
5) A type of marriage whereby a man marries only one wife is called
______
a) Polygamy
b) Monogamy
c) Polyandry
6) The way of life and customs of people is known as ______________
a) Culture
b) Family
c) Marriage
7) Which of these is not a member of a nuclear family
a) Father
b) Uncle
c) Mother
8) The ____________ is the holy book of the Christians
a) Quran
b) Bible
c) Ifa
9) The legal joining together of a man and a woman in a court of law is
known as _______

44
a) Islamic
b) Customary
c) Christian
10) The period when a man and a woman get to know each other very well
before marriage is known as _______________
a) Wedding
b) Courtship
c) Introduction
THEORY QUESTIONS
1) Define marriage
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
____________________

2) List and explain 5 purpose of marriage

a) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________
b) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
___________________
c) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________
d) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
____________________
e) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________

3) Write the meaning of these

a) Sororate
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________

45
b) Levirate
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
c) Polygyny
_________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
d) Incest
_________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
e) Polyandry
_________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________

4) List 5 effects of readiness in marriage

a) ________________________________________________________
b) ________________________________________________________
c) ________________________________________________________
d) ________________________________________________________
e) ________________________________________________________
5) List and explain 3 types of marriage
a) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________
b) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________
c) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
______________________

46
 WEEK 6
FAMILY AS THE BASIC UNIT OF THE SOCIETY.
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lessons the students should be able to
a. Define family bond/ cohesion
b. Advantages of living together in the family
c. What is good family reputation
d. Importance of good family reputation.
CONTENT
What is a family?
A family is a group of two or more persons related by birth, marriage or
adoption who live together.
Family is a group of persons united by ties of marriage, blood, or adoption
constituting a single household and interacting with each other.
FAMILY BOND/ COHESION
It can be defined as a strong tie in any family setting that brings about the
recognition of individual family member’s rights and respect for such rights.
Family cohesion is a warm or strong emotional ties that exist among family
members.
Family bond is a connection that different people have and this is either through
blood relation, marriage or adoption.
Family cohesion is defined as the degree of togetherness or closeness or
emotional bonding that family members have towards one another.
ADVANTAGES OF LIVING TOGETHER AS ONE FAMILY
Some advantage when a family lives together include
1) Protection: this is a situation where an individual is kept safe from harm
or destruction. When family members live together, they feel protected, they
look out for one another’s interests.
2) Unity: this is a state of being in oneness. A family who lives together as
one. This will help the family members understand each other more, and tighten
their bond.

47
3) Good social behaviour: families who live together are able to teach their
children good and acceptable behaviour.
4) Reduction of loneliness: living together helps to reduce the feeling of
loneliness in the family.
5) Happiness: when a family lives together they are able to do things
together which brings joy and happiness
6) Maintaining good family name and reputation: when members of the
family like parents have good reputations and behave positively the children
tend to emulate these positive behaviours, which in turn helps to maintain the
good name of the family.
7) Companionship: people that lives together as a family are never lonely
or depressed, this is because there are people to talk to and have fun with.
Family members’ shares one another burdens.
8) Education: children are able to acquire both formal and informal
education in a family where both parents live together.
9) Unity: it is promoted when members of the family live together and love
one another. Living together enhances cooperation and harmony
10) Provision of security: living together as a family ensures every member
of the family to be secured from any form of threat from outsider.
GOOD FAMILY REPUTATION
Good family reputation occurs when a family is thought of positively, or held in
high esteem, by members of their community or society.
Good family reputation implies good names, values and characters of a member
have built over a period of time.
IMPORTANCE OF GOOD FAMILY REPUTATION
Some of the importance of good family reputation include
1) Good family reputation brings about respect and favour to members of
such family.
2) It brings honour to the family, members of such families are given a
position of trust in the society.
3) It opens doors for members. The family members are able to get things
done for them more easily as everyone in their community will be willing to
help.

48
4) Good family reputation makes the family members role models to
others. Such family members will be referred to as achiever and are known for
their successes.
5) Good family reputation instils discipline and the attitude of hard work, in
the members of such families knowing that their family is known for good.
Members of such family think before acting and also try to do their best in their
own personal endeavours because they have their family name or reputation to
protect.

OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS
1) Family members ____ each other
a) Beat
b) Hate
c) Love
2) A family is a group of people that are closely related by one of the
following
a) Blood
b) Understanding
c) Gift
3) Family bond exist when ____________
a) People who understands themselves not too well
b) A strong tie that joins family members together
c) A family who have different behaviour pattern
4) Living together as a family involves all except
a) Eating together
b) Praying together
c) All of the above
5) Which of the following is not an advantage of living together?
a) Nonchalant attitude towards each other
b) Protection
c) Assistance
6) Members of a family derive certain advantages by living together in the
family except in ______________
a) Rivalry
b) protection
c) unity

49
7) which of the following is not a disadvantages of living together as a
family?
a) Sound education, peace and love
b) Envy and jealousy
c) Lack of privacy
8) Family cohesion is the same thing as __________
a) Family life
b) Family system
c) Family bond
9) A good family reputation means ____________
a) A negative image for the family
b) A good family image
c) A family that cannot be trusted
10) Which one of these is an important aspect of a good family reputation
a) Bad name
b) Contentment
c) Lack of respect.
THEORY QUESTIONS
1) Define family bond
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
______________________________
2) State 5 advantages of living together
a) ________________________________________________________
b) ________________________________________________________
c) ________________________________________________________
d) ________________________________________________________
e) ________________________________________________________

3) Define good family reputation.

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
______________________________

50
4) List 3 disadvantages of living together in a family
a) ________________________________________________________
b) ________________________________________________________
c) ________________________________________________________
5) Define family
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

51
 WEEK 7/8
GENDER AND GENDER STEROTYPE
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lessons the students should be able to
a. Define gender/ gender roles
b. Gender similarities
c. Gender differences/ stereotype
d. Factors that influences gender roles
e. Negative effects of stereotyping
f. Importance of gender equality.
CONTENT
Meaning Of Gender
Gender simply refers to the sex of an individual that is male or female and the
roles the society assigned to it.
Gender is the sum of cultural values, attitudes, roles, practices and
characteristics based on sex.
Gender refers to a male and female as social beings.
Gender refers to the physical characteristics and social behaviours that
differentiate males and females.
Gender can also be defined as a person’s social and cultural identity as males or
females.
Gender roles: is defined as behaviours, attitudes, emotions, traits, appearance
and occupations that are suitable for males and females.
Gender role: is the role or behaviours considered appropriate for males and
females in the society.
Gender refers to the socially and culturally constructed system that attributes
meaning to what it means to be a male or a female in a particular society.
GENDER SIMILARITIES
Both males and females have the following in common
1) They are all human beings with feelings, desires etc.
2) Apart from the genitals they have similar body part.

52
3) They can all play different games
4) They all have goals, capabilities and characteristics
5) Both males and females are social beings. They were created to interact
and help each other.
6) Both need food, clothing and shelter for survival
7) Both acquire or are given formal and informal training and may have
religions
8) They all go through puberty and share romantic interest in other people.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FEMALES AND MALES.
Females
1) They always look attractive
2) They are not too competitive
3) They are good listeners
4) They give birth and nurse babies
5) They are physically weaker than men
6) They are home makers
7) They are to wait for male to initiate relationship and sexual advances
8) They dominate professions like teaching, nursing etc.
Males
1) They oversee discipline at home
2) They are the bread winners of the family
3) Dominate professions like engineering, security, boxing etc
4) They are dominant partner in relationship.
5) They determine when to have sexual relationship.
6) They like taking risk and love competition.
7) They are aggressive and tough
8) They are stronger and more muscular than females
9) They value independence.
STEREOTYPES
1) Men are stereotyped as being uncaring, more rational, stable, strong,
brave and rough, staying away from home, being more interested in sports
2) Women are stereotyped as being prone to tears, less rational, having
moods, being gentle, talking more, wanting to take care of children etc.

53
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCING GENDER ROLES
The following are some of the factors influencing gender roles.
1) Friendship: peer group influence
2) Religion: some religious institutions prescribe proper roles and
behaviour for males and females are brought up to uphold such view.
3) Media: the television is the most influential form of media that shapes
the life of people. The media influences how children view male and female
roles in the society.
4) Traditional / culture: most African countries view men as being stronger
than women, and that is why the man is regarded as the head of the house,
traditionally, men are expected to work and provide for the family. The women
does not work else the society will assume they want to take the place of a man
by working, women are to sit at home, and take care of children.
5) School: the school influences gender roles through teachers, peers and
school authorities.
6) Family: immediately after birth of a child, parents tend to treat male and
female children differently.
7) Biological factors: it plays a huge role in shaping children’s physical
development. For instance, boys and girls are born with distinctive sexual organs
which become more obvious when they get to puberty.
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF STEREOTYPING
1) Women are less likely to take physical risk
2) They worry more about their physical appearances and therefore may
be more at risk than men.
3) They experience a drop in self-esteem and more likely to be depressed.
4) They are more often victims of physical and sexual abuse
5) They are less assertive than males
Males
1) Men are more likely to take physical risks and be harmed.
2) They have fewer close friends.
3) They are less willing to ask for help.
4) They engage more in fighting and serious criminal offences.
5) They are more likely to be heavy uses of alcohol and illicit drugs.

54
IMPORTANCE OF GENDER EQUALITY
1) It enhances partnership in relationship
2) It promotes freedom of association
3) It gives equal opportunity for self-development
4) It ensures gender balance in education and development
5) It promotes justice, peace and equality
6) Both genders have equal values
7) It ensures mutual understanding and respect for both genders.
OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS
1) Which of these statements is true regarding gender?
a) It is biologically determined
b) It is a social construct
c) It is the same as the sex of a person.
2) What is gender?
a) Words that stand for males only
b) Words that stand for female only
c) It tells if a person is a male or a female
3) The media often portrays women as ________________
a) Boxers
b) Cooks and mothers
c) Security guards
4) __________ is the traditional role of males
a) Bread winners
b) Baby carrying
c) Nurturing
5) _________________ is the physical differences between males and
females
a) Social studies
b) Gender
c) Sex
6) Gender roles means _________
a) The hormonal factors
b) Attitudes and behaviours regarding gender
c) Biological factors
7) Gender is defined as the ____________
a) The state of being a male or female
b) The state of being a plant
55
c) State of being in existence in the world.
8) Men are usually __________ while women are not
a) Aroused
b) Joyful
c) Sorrowful
9) A man that has feminine traits is an ________________
a) Lesbian
b) Homosexual
c) Human being
10) A woman that desires her fellow woman is known as ___________
a) Lesbian
b) Homosexual
c) Human being.
THOERY QUESTIONS
1) What do you understand by gender role?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________

2) State five similarities between males and females.

i)______________________________________________________
ii) ______________________________________________________
iii) ______________________________________________________
iv) ______________________________________________________
v) ______________________________________________________

3) List three importance of gender equality

i)______________________________________________________
ii) ______________________________________________________
iii) ______________________________________________________

4) List and explain four factors that influences gender roles

i)________________________________________________________________
_______________

56
ii) ___________________________________________________________
_______________________
iii) ___________________________________________________________
________________________
iv) ___________________________________________________________
________________________
5) State five differences in gender roles
i)________________________________________________________________
____________
ii) ___________________________________________________________
_________________
iii) ___________________________________________________________
__________________
iv) ___________________________________________________________
__________________
v) ___________________________________________________________
___________________

57
 WEEK 9
ACCIDENT
OBJECTIVES: at the end of the lesson, the students should be able to
a. Define accidents
b. Forms of accidents
c. Steps to take when accidents occur
CONTENT
Accidents is an unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and
unintentionally, typically resulting in damage or injury.
Accidents is an events that results in injury or ill health.
Accident is the sudden occurrence of an unpleasant events which causes injury
on an individual or group of people.
Accidents are always unplanned for and always worked against by providing
safety measures in society.
Accident is an unpleasant and unintended happening sometimes resulting from
negligence that results in injury, loss, damage.
FORMS OF ACCIDENTS IN SCHOOL
1) Bruises from fall while running.
2) Trips and falls
3) Sprains
4) Cuts from sharp objects
5) Burns from fire or chemical.
6) Electric shock.
7) Fracture while running or playing games on the pitch.
8) Drowning in the swimming pool.
9) Sliding in the toilet
10) Hitting of student eyes by mistake.
PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN SCHOOL.
1) All dangerous materials that can cause accidents should be removed
from the ground or floor
2) Students should avoid playing with dangerous instruments or objects
such as razor blade, knife.
3) Avoid exposed live electrical cables.

58
4) All broken or bad sockets should be changed
5) Bathrooms and toilets should be properly constructed with good
materials and should be repaired periodically.
6) Fire extinguishers should be provided in strategic locations particularly in
laboratories and offices.
7) Life guards and swimming instructors should be around whenever
students are using the swimming pools.
8) Sports masters and possibly a nurse should be available during inter-
house sports or special sporting events in the school
9) Dangerous chemicals used in laboratories should be kept in a special
rooms inaccessible to students.
10) All experiments involving the use of chemicals and heating should be
done in presence of the subject teacher(s).
11) First aids kits should be provided in laboratories, school clinic.
STEPS TO TAKE WHEN ACCIDENTS OCCUR
The following steps should be taken whenever there is an accident in school
1) Report to teachers or any adult that can help
2) Ensure the victim or the injured receives first aid care immediately.
3) Take the victim to the sick bay school clinic or hospital for intensive care.
4) Remove the object or material that caused the accident.
THEORY QUESTION:
1) What is accident?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2) State five forms of accident in school
i)________________________________________________________________
______________________
ii) ___________________________________________________________
___________________________
iii) ___________________________________________________________
____________________________
iv) ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________

59
v) ___________________________________________________________
______________________________
3) List five ways of preventing accidents
i)___________________________________________________
ii) ____________________________________________________
iii) ______________________________________________________
iv) ______________________________________________________
v) ______________________________________________________
4) List 2 steps to take when accident occur
i)______________________________________________________
ii) _____________________________________________________

60
SCHEME OF WORK FOR THIRD TERM
WEEK 1: REVISION OF LAST TERM’S WORK
WEEK 2: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY I
WEEK 3: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY II
WEEK 4: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY III
WEEK 5: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY IV
WEEK 6: ASSERTIVENESS
WEEK 7: NATIONAL ECONOMY I
WEEK 8: NATIONAL ECONOMY II
WEEK 9: NATIONAL ECONOMY III
WEEK 10: FINDING HELP.
WEEK 11: REVISION
WEEK 12: EXAMINATION

61
 WEEK 2
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY I

OBJECTIVES: at the end of the lesson the students should be able to

a. Define science and technology
b. Importance of science and technology.

MEANING OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

What is Science ?
The word science comes from the latin word scientia meaning knowledge.
Science has been defined as a branch of knowledge or study dealing with a body
of facts or truths systematically arranged and showing operation of general law.
It has also been described as a systematized knowledge derived from
observation, study, experimentation carried out in order to determine the
nature or principles of what is being studied.

Science refers to knowledge which is gained by observing and experimenting on

things in detail, and by testing and forming general laws about them. It is a
systematic way of acquiring knowledge about a particular field of study.
Systematic thinking is based on facts, the word science comes from a Latin word
scientia, which means to know.

What is Technology?
Technology are the things made by humans, e.g. products, tools and machines,
and ways of doing things that are based on modern knowledge about science
and computers, in order words, technology is the application of science to solve
problems in everyday life.
Technology on the other hand is an aspect of knowledge that deals with the
creation, use technical means and their interaction with life and society.
Technology is the application of scientific principles and findings to produce
materials that make life more comfortable. Technology is being utilised in
almost every aspect of our lives, especially in manufacturing and construction,
medicine, agriculture, communication, information etc. technology dictates the
level of development of a nation, technology speeds up the rate of development
hence the higher the level of technology the faster the rate of development of
any nation.
IMPORTANCE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

62
Science and technology are importance in many ways
1) Improvement in standard of living: science and technology provide man
with goods and services which makes life more comfortable.
2) Agriculture: science and technology have improved our food production
and preservation methods. It also provides cheap fertilisers to the famers to
increase crop yield. Fertiliser and mechanised farming are products of science
and technology to improve food production.
3) Easy transportation: science and technology have provided man with
easier and faster means of transportation like cars, trailers, airplanes, ships etc.
4) Health care: technology is improving health care in many ways. Drugs
vaccines and laboratory equipment, qualified medical personnel and well
equipped hospitals.
5) Communication: science and technology have improved communication
networks, thus making news, ideas and information to be shared faster among
people in different places.
6) Increase in employment: more jobs are created as new industries are
set up. Many jobs have also been provided through the invention of various
kinds of computers.
7) Business: technology has made the buying and selling of goods very
flexible.
8) Industrials growth and development: with science and technology
industries are set up for the manufacturing of goods, thereby creating more jobs
opportunities for our citizens.
9) Changed superstition: science and technology have helped man
particularly Africans in discarding many superstitions. Science and technology
through the systematic study and analysis of nature have helped to educate
people on most of the things that were once held to be magic or witchcraft has
proven to be wrong.
10) Transfer of technology: this means bringing the needed technology from
elsewhere to solve our existing problems.

63
 WEEK 3
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY (II)
OBJECTIVES: at the end of the lesson the students should be able to
a. Know the types of traditional science and technology
b. Ways traditional science and technology influence modernization
CONTENT
Meaning of traditional technology
Traditional technology is the type of technology which is based on any tradition
or culture which is generally transferred from one generation to another.
Characteristics of traditional society
1) Their major occupation was agriculture
2) There were so many superstition beliefs, taboos etc
3) There was high level of illiteracy
4) Works were done or carried out by hands no machines
5) People depended mainly on herbs for medication.
Types of traditional science and technology
The following are various forms of traditional science and technology
1) Iron ore smelting: this technology is used to produce farm implements
such as hoes, cutlass,
2) Conversion of animal skin: skins of animals such as goats, snake, leopard
etc. are processed and used in producing shoes, scandals, cloths, praying mats,
bags, etc.
3) Wood carving technology: wood carved to make images which are used
for decoration, musical instruments, wooden spoons, mortar and pestle.
4) Paint technology: cow dung with some leaves are processed and used in
painting walls.
5) Food preservation technology: perishable food such as meat, fish, and
vegetable are preserved by using salt, drying methods etc.
6) Pottery technology: clay is processed and used in producing pots, spoon,
artworks etc.
7) Medicine: the traditional society has a way of producing drugs by putting
herbs or roots together. These drugs are used in curing many aliments

64
8) Transportation: the traditional society has produced special charms that
can move man from one place to another without any object. With an
incantation, he can get to his destination in a jiffy. This is called ‘EGBE’ in Yoruba
etc.
9) Bullet proof technology: The African society has charms which function
as bullet proof, and those that hinder penetration of any iron or metals like
cutlass, knife, and sword into the body.
Some ways traditional science and technologies influenced modernization.
1) Building of houses: modern technology has improved the traditional
building by providing good building materials such as cement, paint, modern
roofing sheets.
2) Herbal medicine: modern technology has helped in processing leaves
and roots to convert them to capsules, tablets and syrups. This helps in
determining the dosage and prevent overdose.
3) Food preservation: modern technology has provided modern equipment
that are used for preserving food or food items.
4) Cooking utensils: modern technology has provided aluminium pots,
spoons etc. to replace clay pot while blender replaces grinding stone.
5) Cooking gadgets: the use of fire wood as the only source of energy in
cooking has been replaced with stove, gas cookers, electric stove, hot plates and
many others.
6) Transportation: modern technology has provided vehicles, trains,
aircraft, ship etc. to replace the use of horse, donkey, and other animals.
7) Cosmetics: modern technology has provided body lotions, petroleum
jelly, lip sticks, nail paint, to replace the use of certain leaves.
8) Musical instruments: the invention of microphones, amplifiers, loud
speakers have boosted the use of traditional musical instruments like gong,
talking drum and so many others.
OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS
1) All the following are examples of science and technology except
a) Cars
b) Aeroplanes
c) Artworks
2) ____________ is an organized body of knowledge
a) Science
b) Technology
65
c) Evolution.
3) ______________ is the application of scientific knowledge to solve
practical problems
a) Science
b) Technology
c) Revolution.
4) Which of the following statement is not correct?
a) Scientific products are more visible than technological products.
b) Scientific knowledge is the raw materials of technology.
c) There can be no technology without science.
5) All the following are the importance of science and technology except
a) Health care has improved through science and technology
b) Science and technology has led to an increase in road accidents
c) Movements of people and goods is faster through science and
technology.
6) The African society has charms which functions as ______________ that
hinders metals from penetrating into their body
a) Bullet proof
b) Den guns
c) Herbs
7) ___________ are some of the ways traditional science influences
modernization
a) Pollution
b) Procreation
c) Food preservation.
8) One of the influence of science and technology on the society is
_____________
a) Education
b) Farming
c) Folktales
9) ____________ has made information dissemination easier than ever
a) Education
b) Science and technology
c) Globe
10) __________ helps in increasing food production in the society
a) Farmers
b) Pesticides, insecticides, and chemicals

66
c) Domestic animals.
THEORY QUESTIONS
1) What is science?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
______________
2) List 5 characteristics of traditional society
i)___________________________________________________
ii) ___________________________________________________
iii) ___________________________________________________
iv) ___________________________________________________
v) ____________________________________________________
3) State 5 advantages of technology in the society.
i)_____________________________________________________
ii) _____________________________________________________
iii) _____________________________________________________
iv) ______________________________________________________
v) ______________________________________________________
4) Define Technology
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
____________________
5) List and explain 5 types of traditional science and technology.
i)________________________________________________________________
_____________________________
ii) ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________
iii) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________
iv) ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________
v) ___________________________________________________________
__________________________________

67
 WEEK 4/5
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY III
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lessons the students should be able to
a. Define home appliance
b. Types of home appliances
c. Danger in wrong use of home appliance
d. Correction ways of using electrical appliance.
CONTENT
Meaning of home appliances: is an electrical machines provided by technology
to make the performance of house hold functions easier, faster and more
enjoyable. Such household functions include cooking, cleaning, washing etc.
Home appliances is also known as domestic appliances, electrical machines
which helps in house hold functions, such as cooking, cleaning or food
preservation.
Home appliance is an appliance that does a particular job in the home
Home appliance is also called house hold appliance that does a particular job in
the home
Types of home appliances and their uses
1) Electric iron: this is used in smoothing washed and dried clothes. Iron
makes the cloths to be neat and the heat destroys any gems in the cloth which
may affect our skin.
2) Electric stove: electric stove is a domestic appliance which provides heat
through electricity for cooking purpose.
3) Electric kettle: an electric kettle is an electric device which produces heat
for boiling water.
4) Toaster: is a machine that produced heat for toasting bread or other
food.
5) Dish washer: this is a mechanical device for cleaning dishes and cooking
utensils.
6) Microwaves ovens : this is a machine that heats food through electric
heating. It is used in heating of food quickly and efficiently.
7) Refrigerator: this is an appliance used in cooling food, drinks. It is also
used for preservation.

68
8) Washing machine: this is used washing clothes.
9) Blender: it is used in turning ingredients like pepper, tomatoes,
vegetables into liquid, powder or paste.
10) Rice cooker: is a machine used in cooking rice.
11) Pressure cooker: is a machine that reduces the cooking time.
12) Vacuum cleaner: is a machine used in sweeping the floor especially rug.
DANGER IN THE WRONG USE OF APPLIANCES.
Some of the dangers of the wrong use of home appliances are
1) Fire outbreaks: this may occur if two exposed cables of the appliance
touch each other. Furthermore, fire could occur where the appliance is not
switched off after use or during power-cut. Many houses have been burnt down
through such carelessness in using boiling ring, electric iron etc.
2) Injury: improper handling of home appliances could lead to burns,
fracture and dislocation through electric shock or scald from hot water.
3) Death: life could be lost through electric shock and fire outbreak.
4) Malfunctioning of home appliance: when the appliances are not properly
used as specified in the manual, it may likely develop fault which may render it
useless unless it is repaired or replaced.
CORRECT WAYS OF USING ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
1) Read the manual or user’s guide thoroughly before usage.
2) Consult someone who has used a similar gadget for initial instruction on
proper usage.
3) Maintain it regularly.
4) Care for the appliances.
5) All repairs should be done by professionals.
6) Do not use any of the gadgets if you feel it is unsafe to do so.
7) Do not use extension cords with high wattage appliances like air
conditioners, electric heaters and iron.
8) If an appliance cord becomes damaged, do not use appliances with
patched cords.
9) Appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners should be plugged into
separate circuit.
10) Never touch an electric appliance while standing on a wet floor or if your
hands are wet.
11) Do not operate electrical appliances in or near water

69
12) Immediately turn off and disconnect an appliance that sparks.
13) Always disconnect appliances before cleaning, servicing or repairing.
14) To avoid accidental starts by making sure the switch is off plugging in the
cord.
15) Turn off power before unplugging appliances circuit.
16) Do not force electrical plugs into outlets not design to accommodate it.
THEORY QUESTIONS:
1) What is a home appliance?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
____________________.
2) List four home appliance and their uses.
i)________________________________________________________________
___________________________________
ii) ___________________________________________________________
________________________________________
iii) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
iv) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________
3) State four dangers of wrong use of home appliance
i)______________________________________________________
ii) ______________________________________________________
iii) ______________________________________________________
iv) ______________________________________________________

70
 WEEK 6
ASSERTIVENESS, AGGRESIVENESS, PASSIVITY, MANIPULATION.
OBJECTIVE: At the end of the lesson the students should be able to
a. Define assertiveness
b. Define aggressiveness
c. Define passivity
d. Define manipulation.
CONTENT
Definition of assertiveness:
Being assertive shows that you respect yourself because you’re willing to stand
up for your interests and express your thoughts and feelings. It also
demonstrates that you’re aware of other’s right.
Assertive is defined as someone who is self-confident and strong willed, though
sometimes domineering or pushy.
Assertive is the quality of being confident and not frightened to say what you
want or believe.
Assertiveness means being firm to stand up for your own rights and that of
others in a calm, direct or positive way without being overly aggressive.
Assertiveness is the act of communicating feelings and needs while respecting
the rights of others.
Definition of aggressiveness: is means behaving in an angry and violent way
towards another person.
Aggression means engaging in hostile action without reasonable cause.
Aggressive means ready and willing to fight, argue etc.
Aggressiveness means standing for one’s right at the expenses of someone
else’s rights. It involves
 Blaming or criticising others
 Putting others down
 Using abusive language.

71
Definition of passivity: it means the trait of lacking enthusiasm for or interest in
things general.
Passivity means the state of accepting what happens, without active response or
resistance.
Passivity means expressing one’s feelings and needs, or expressing them so
weakly that will either be understood addressed.
Definition of manipulation: is the act of managing or influencing skilfully
especially in an unfair manner.
Manipulation is the action of influencing or controlling someone or something to
your advantage, often without anyone knowing it.
Manipulation is the skilful handling, controlling or using of something or
someone
Manipulation is a behaviour that influences someone in dishonest way.
Manipulation: this involves pretending everything is alright and trying to get
what you want in a dubious way.
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
1) A passive person rarely
a) Acts calm
b) Says no
c) Allows others to decide.
2) An aggressive person
a) Is sensitive to the feelings of others
b) Is calm
c) Likes to make all the decision.
3) Being assertive shows that we
a) Can take charge
b) Don’t care
c) Respect ourselves and others.
4) Why is being too passive a problem?
a) People dislike you
b) Hard to keep friends
c) You disrespect others.
5) Why is being too aggressive a problem?
a) You feel hurt
72
b) Others feel disrespected
c) People miss your good ideas.
6) An assertive person
a) Reacts to other people’s action
b) Knows his or her own mind and goals
c) Does not plan ahead.
7) An assertive person
a) Often places other people’s needs before his or her own
b) Takes no responsibility for his or her actions
c) Reacts to other people’s feelings and rights.
8) ___________ means expressing one’s feelings and needs weakly.
a) Passivity
b) Manipulation
c) Assertiveness.
9) _______this involves pretending everything is alright and trying to get
what you want in a dubious way.
a) Manipulation
b) Aggressiveness
c) Assertiveness.
10) ______________ involves putting someone down
a) Aggressiveness
b) Manipulation
c) Love.

73
 WEEK 7
NATIONAL ECONOMY I
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lessons the students should be able to
a. Define savings.
b. Ways of saving traditionally
c. Modern ways of saving money
d. Reasons for saving.
CONTENT
Meaning of Savings: savings refers to the process of keeping part of income
earned, and valuables such as jewellery and certificates for future use.
Savings is the portion of income not spent on current expenditures. In other
words, it is the money set aside for future use and not spent immediately.
Savings refers to the money that a person has left over after they subtract out
their consumer spending.
Saving simply means setting aside a specific amount of money for future use.
WAYS OF SAVING IN TRADITIONALLY
Before the existence of modern banks, money and other valuables like gold,
diamond etc. were normally kept through the following
1) Digging the ground: in the olden days’ money and other valuables were
normally buried in the ground. This could be in the farm or forest.
2) In the clay pots: money and other valuables used to be kept in pots and
hidden somewhere believed to be safe and untouchable.
3) Entrusted with money keepers: there used to be individuals who moved
round to collect money from people who wished to keep their money. Money
and other valuables were normally kept with such professionals.
4) Keeping money with relatives: money was also being kept with trusted
relatives.
5) Keeping money in pillows.
6) Keeping money in the roof: some people found the roof of their houses
the safest place to keep money.
7) Box/ piggy bank: this box used to be made with wood or clay. They were
usually referred to as bank by little children, it is called kolo in yourba land. This
is where all gifts in form of bank notes and coins were kept until when it was
74
full. To retrieve the money, the bank was normally broken or dismantled
depending on the material used in making it.
8) Buying of cows and farms: another method in which money is saved in
the olden days is through the accumulation of properties such as farms, cows,
goats etc. these properties can later be sold when the need arises.
9) In form of gold: money can be saved through the accumulation of gold,
in the olden days, they buy golds then saves so when need arises they sell or use
it in exchange for whatever is needed.
10) Thrift collection: saving with thrift collectors also known as ajo, was one
of the smart ways to save money in Nigeria in the olden days. It is one of the
traditional ways of saving money in Nigeria that is properly documented.
MODERN WAYS OF SAVING MONEY
1) Banks
2) Cooperative society
3) Insurance companies
4) Buying of treasury bills
5) Buying stocks
6) Contribution
7) Daily contribution.
Reasons for saving
1) Financial independence: one of the most important reasons to save
money is to gain financial freedom. This means not being completely dependent
on your monthly paycheque to sustain your current lifestyle. If you have enough
savings to fall back on, you can take major life decisions without worrying.
2) Living debt free: if you want to get out of debit, you need to save money
every month regularly.
3) Another reason for saving money is to have money for investment.
4) For the purpose of solving unexpected problems.
5) For the purpose of furthering education.
6) To buy a major asset like land or motor vehicle.
7) Save for emergency fund.
8) Save for retirement
9) For security purpose
10) Helping other

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OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS
1) We should keep our savings with banks because
a) It is safe
b) Earn interest
c) Can be withdrawn anytime.
2) ATM password should be kept in
a) Personal diary
b) Memory
c) Office diary
3) ATM means
a) Any time money
b) Auto truck of machine
c) Automated teller machine
4) Banks provides loans for
a) Home
b) Car
c) Education.
5) The safest place for keeping money is
a) Dug a pit
b) In a piggy bank
c) Bank
6) ATM can be used for
a) Cash withdrawal
b) Account inquiring
c) Statement of account
7) Loan from money lenders are
a) No transparency
b) No proper accounting
c) With high interest.
8) Instead of borrowing money for large purchases, you should set money
aside in a ______ overtime and pay with cash.
a) Emergency fund
b) Sinking fund
c) Credit card fund
9) Which of the following is a reasons that people don’t save money?
a) they lack dripline
b) they do not live on a budget

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c) they lack focus
10) which of these is not a key to saving money?
a) Focus
b) Discipline
c) Fun
THEORY QUESTIONS
1) What is saving?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
2) State five reasons for saving
i)________________________________________________________
ii) ________________________________________________________
iii) _______________________________________________________
iv) ________________________________________________________
v) ________________________________________________________
3) List five ways people were saving in the olden days
i)__________________________________
ii) _________________________________
iii) _________________________________
iv) ___________________________________
v) ______________________________________
4) List 3 modern ways of saving
i)______________________________________
ii) _____________________________________
iii) _____________________________________

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 WEEK 8
NATIONAL ECONOMY II
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson the students should be able to
a. Define bank
b. Advantages of keeping money in the bank
c. Problems of keeping money in the bank
d. Solutions to problems of saving money in the bank.
CONTENT
Meaning of Bank
Banks are public limited liability companies that are in the business of providing
financial services to customers and businesses. They receive, transfer, pay,
exchange, lend, invest and safeguard money and other valuables for people or
companies.
A Bank is a financial institution licensed to receive deposits and make loans.
Bank is an institution that deals in money and its substitutes and provides other
money related services.
A bank is a financial institution established for safe keeping of money, valuables
and provision of other financial services.
A bank is a place where money and other valuables are kept.
TYPES OF BANKS
1) The commercial banks: the commercial bank is the bank that offers
services to the general public. It accepts deposits and other valuables for safe
keeping. Examples are zenith bank, Wema bank, united bank(UBA), access bank,
GT bank and so many others. All micro finance bank.
2) The central bank: the central bank is a bank that controls the activities
of all other bank in the country.
The central bank acts as government bank, issues currencies, controls interest
rates, grants loans to other banks and acts as controller of all other banks.
3) Development banks: these are specialized banks set-up by the
government for certain reasons. E.g. bank of industry (BOI) They are owned and
controlled by the government

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Advantages of keeping money in the bank
1) Your money is safe
2) You can keep track of your spending
3) It’s not expensive to save money in the bank
4) You can earn interest on your savings.
5) Access to loan facilities
6) Prevent risk of theft or loss
7) Customers enjoy privacy.
8) Easy withdrawal.
Problems or disadvantages of keeping money in the bank
1) Bank requirements for opening account
2) Time needed in depositing and withdrawal
3) Problem associated with ATM
4) Problem of computer and networking
5) Fraud
6) Robbery
7) Illiteracy: due to illiteracy, some people find it difficult to compete
banking documents. Such as writing and signing of cheques.
Solutions to the problems of saving money in the banks
1) Public enrichment: there is the need for central bank to launch more
enlightenment campaigns to educate people on the advantages of saving money
in the bank.
2) Create a budget: by creating a budget you’ll be able to see where you
can
3) Creation of more branches: banks should make effort to create more
branches so that congestion in the banking halls can disappear and customers
can enjoy better services without wasting time.
4) Constant maintenance of gadgets: if computers ATM and other gadgets
used by banks are regularly serviced they will function more efficiently. This will
reduce their sudden break down.
5) Constant staff training: staff should be given periodic training for greater
efficiency.
6) Stiff punishment for bank fraudsters: stiff punishment should be meted
on anyone arrested for bank fraud. This will act as a deterrent to others.

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7) Patience and endurance: customers should always learn to be patient
and cooperate with bank officials. There are times when situations are beyond
the control of the bank staff. At such times customers should resist the
temptation to insult them.
OBJECTIVES QUESTION:
1) The following are advantages of keeping money in the bank except
a) It is safe
b) It yields interest.
c) Is an opportunity to get loan
2) One of the characteristics of central banks is
a) Its aim is to make profit.
b) Its owned by the government
c) Example is zenith bank plc.
3) A place where money and other valuables are kept is
a) Bank
b) Market
c) Bedroom.
4) The major aim of the commercial bank is ___________
a) To serve as lender to central bank
b) Make profit
c) To regulate other banks.
5) The following are what people keep in the bank except
a) Money
b) Document
c) Clothes.
THEORY QUESTIONS
1) Define bank
_________________________________________________________________
__________________________________
2) List types of banks
i. ________________________________________________________________
__________________________
ii. ___________________________________________________________
__________________________________
iii. ___________________________________________________________
________________________________

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3. List 5 advantages of keeping money in the bank
i)______________________________________________________
ii) ______________________________________________________
iii) ______________________________________________________
iv) ______________________________________________________
v) ______________________________________________________

4. List 5 problems of keeping money in the bank

i)______________________________________________________
ii) _____________________________________________________
iii) ______________________________________________________
iv) ______________________________________________________
v) _____________________________________________________
5. List 3 solutions to the problems of saving money in the banks
i)______________________________
ii) ________________________________
iii) ______________________________

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 WEEK 9
NATIONAL ECONOMY III: COMMUNICATION
OBJECTIVES: at the end of the lesson the students should be able to
a. Define communication
b. Methods of communication
c. Importance of communication.
CONTENT
Meaning of Communication
Communication is as old as man; this is why different means of communication
are used at the various stages of man’s development.
Communication means sharing of information among people.
Communication is the process of sending out information by individual to
another. It is also a means of exchanging information or message among the
people in the society.
Communication is the exchange and flow of information and ideas from one
person to another, it involves a sender transmitting an idea, information or
feeling to a receiver.
Communication is the act of sending and receiving information, feelings, ideas
and opinions from one person to another through different media.
Communication is the process of sending out information by an individual to
another. It is also means of exchanging information or message among the
people in the society
METHODS OF COMMUNICATION.
There are two methods of communication
a) Traditional method
b) Modern method.
Traditional method of communication: people in different societies in Nigeria
communicate through any of the following means:
i)Drum: the drum helps in telling people about a particular event. The tone and
the rhythm of the drum are used in relating the message to the listeners.

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Different societies have different drums which are beaten to send specific
messages to the people.
ii) Use of town criers: the town crier is the ruler’s massager who goes
around delivering important messages from the ruler to the people. Such criers
go with gong or drum to the people from one place to another before delivering
such a message. The message could be to warn people or inform them about
village meeting, communal work and festival.
iii) The use of gun shots: shooting of guns at a particular time of the day
could be used in delivering specific message. Furthermore, the number of guns
shots could also be used to communicate people about sudden death of a chief
or presence of an important personality in the community.
iv) Use of objects or symbols: information could be passed across by using
objects and symbols such as red cloth, snail’s shells, tender palm front etc.
v) Use of gong and flute: the sound of a traditional flute may signify the
presence of the ruler or high chief. Sometimes, it is used to announce war in a
community.
The number of strokes applied to a gong may send the message to the listener
who knows the meaning.
Modern methods of communication
1) Newspaper/ magazine: the punch, the guardian, the nation and many
others. The weekly news magazine in Nigeria include Tell.
2) The telephone: telephone is one of the modern ways of communication.
The use of mobile phone is very popular in our modern days. Among the service
providers in Nigeria are Airtel, MTN, Globacom, Starcom, Etisalat etc.
3) Radio: radio is the most popular and the fastest means of sending
messages to large number of people in a country Nigeria station apart from
federal radio cooperation of Nigeria station. Various states and many individual
also have radio stations among such radio stations are ray power radio, Lagos
radio, WAZOBIA plus radio, radio continental, gate way radio etc.
4) Postal system: e.g. NIPOST, DHL, UPS and so on. This is done by writing
letters and sending it through postal agencies. However, sending letters through
post offices becoming unpopular in Nigeria because of the other better means
such as E-mail, landline and global system of mobile tele communication (GSM)
5) The internet: internet comprises of inter connected computer network.
Through the internet, personal and business letters document can be sent and
received within few second.

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OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS.
1) Communication is a non-stop_______________
a) Paper
b) Process
c) Plan
2) Communication is a part of ___________ skills
a) Soft
b) Rough
c) Hard
3) The ____________ is the person who transmits the message.
a) Sender
b) Driver
c) Cleaner
4) ________________ is the person who notices and decodes and attaches
some meaning to the message.
a) Receiver
b) Maids
c) Cleaner
5) Message is any signal that triggers the response of a ______________
a) Driver
b) Receiver
c) Students
6) The response to a sender’s message is called______________
a) Food bank
b) Feedback
c) Fill back.
7) ____________ context refers to the relationship between the sender
and the receiver.
a) Social
b) Cultural
c) Religiously
8) ___________ refers to all these factors that disrupt the communication.
a) Nobody
b) Nonsense
c) Noise
9) Communication strengthens ________________ and _______________
relationship in an organization.

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a) Employer- father
b) Employer-employer
c) Mother-child
10) Messages may be misinterpreted because of ______________
a) Barriers
b) Persons
c) Places.
THEORY QUESTIONS:
1) Define communication
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
________
2) List methods of communication
i)________________________________
ii) ________________________________
3) List and explain 5 traditional means of communication
i. ________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
ii. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
iii. ___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
iv. ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________
v. ___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
4) List and explain 5 modern means of communication.
i)________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________
ii) ___________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
iii) ___________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
iv) ___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________
v) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
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5) Write the full meaning of the following
a) NIPOST
_______________________________________________________
b) DHL
________________________________________________________
c) UPS
________________________________________________________

86
 WEEK 10
FINDING HELP
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson the students should be able to
a. Explain what finding help entails
b. Situation when people need help
c. People who can help
d. Skills necessary when seeking help
e. Skills necessary when helping others
f. Steps to take when help is needed
g. Characteristics of agencies that provide help
h. Hindrances to finding help for young people.
CONTENT
Finding help entails providing or seeking assistance, a support in order to find a
remedy or relief from a problem to make a situation more bearable.
Situation when people need help:
The following are some of the situations when people need help
1) Period of disaster
2) When entering into a new relationship.
3) During emotional disturbances
4) Constant failure in examination
5) When deserted or rejected by close friends due to physical disability
resulting from accident
6) Unwanted pregnancy
7) Need to break a bad habit eg smoking, taking of hard drugs etc.
8) Need to come out of a bad group or unprofitable friendship
PEOPLE WHO CAN HELP
1) Parents/guardians and other family members
2) Counsellors
3) Religious leaders e.g. pastors, imam etc.
4) Health practitioners
5) Teachers
6) Social workers
7) Community members

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8) Specialized institutions
9) Law enforcement agencies
10) Trusted experienced adult
Skills necessary when seeking help
1) Good communication skills
2) Assertiveness
3) Counselling
4) Follow up
Skills necessary when helping other
1) Conductive atmosphere: there should be sure of friendship and security
2) Good listening habit: make sure you understand what has been said
3) Empathy: put yourself in the person’s position and share his/her feelings
4) Non-judgement: do not put yourself in the position of a judge.
5) Follow up: take necessary action.
Steps to take when help is needed
1) Identify the concern
2) Recognise that help is needed
3) Keep calm, stay focused.
4) Look for a trusted adult
5) Wait for assistance to be provided
6) Try to inform your parent or guardian if possible seek help in the
company of trusted adult.
Characteristics of agencies that provide help
1) They do not require parental permission
2) There must be privacy and confidentiality.
3) The cost is little or free
4) They have specialized services in the areas for which help is needed.
Hindrances to finding help for young people
1) Ignorance
2) Non-conductive environment
3) Lack of adequate knowledge about available services
4) Fear of adults.
5) In accessibility.

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OBJECTIVES QUESTIONS
1) Help means ___________
a) Assistance
b) Carefulness
c) Attitude
2) Asking for help is_______________
a) Abnormal
b) Normal
c) Unusual
3) In reaching out for help, the following steps should be observed except
_______________
a) Swallowing your pride
b) Getting help by force
c) Going somewhere else to talk
4) When asking for help you must use _____________ words
a) Abusive
b) Polite
c) Religious
5) Helpers should be ________ enough to the people they are helping,
especially if they do not have solutions to the problems.
a) Manipulative
b) Proud
c) Honest
6) Which of the following should not be a characteristics of a helper?
a) Patience
b) Honesty
c) Pride.
7) Which of the following is not a situation for offering to help?
a) A child who defecated on his clothes
b) A blind man crossing the road
c) A person who has an accident.
8) Which of the following people cannot be of help to others?
a) Lunatic
b) Doctor
c) Teacher.
9) One of the steps to take when help is needed is ______________
a) Wait for help to be provided

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b) Abuse people around you
c) Reject any help
10) One of the characteristics of agencies that provide is ____________
a) They need no permission
b) It very costly
c) It is unreachable.
THEORY QUESTIONS
1) Define the word help
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________
2) State five situations that will make people find help
i)________________________________________________________________
___________________
ii) ___________________________________________________________
_________________________
iii) ___________________________________________________________
________________________
iv) ___________________________________________________________
__________________________
v) ___________________________________________________________
___________________________
3) List four skills needed when seeking help
i)_____________________________________________________
ii) _____________________________________________________
iii) _____________________________________________________
iv) _____________________________________________________
4) List five hindrances for finding help for young people.
i)______________________________________________________
ii) ______________________________________________________
iii) ______________________________________________________
iv) ______________________________________________________
v) ______________________________________________________
5) Mention six people who can help
i)_____________________________________________________
ii) _____________________________________________________
iii) ____________________________________________________
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iv) ____________________________________________________
v) ____________________________________________________
vi) ____________________________________________________

91