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Image Processing Techniques Notes

Image processing involves operations on images to enhance them or extract information, with two main types: analog and digital. Key steps include image acquisition, preprocessing, segmentation, representation, and recognition, while techniques for enhancement and transformation include histogram equalization and Fourier transforms. Applications span various fields such as medical imaging, remote sensing, biometric authentication, and robotics.

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50 views2 pages

Image Processing Techniques Notes

Image processing involves operations on images to enhance them or extract information, with two main types: analog and digital. Key steps include image acquisition, preprocessing, segmentation, representation, and recognition, while techniques for enhancement and transformation include histogram equalization and Fourier transforms. Applications span various fields such as medical imaging, remote sensing, biometric authentication, and robotics.

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MarieFernandes
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Notes: Image Processing Techniques

1. Introduction to Image Processing

Image processing is a method to perform operations on an image to enhance it or extract


useful information.
It is a type of signal processing where input is an image, and output may be an image or
characteristics/features associated with the image.

2. Types of Image Processing

- Analog Image Processing: Used for hard copies like printouts and photographs.
- Digital Image Processing: Manipulates digital images using computers.

3. Basic Steps in Image Processing

- Image Acquisition
- Preprocessing (noise reduction, contrast enhancement)
- Segmentation (dividing image into regions)
- Representation and Description
- Recognition and Interpretation

4. Image Enhancement Techniques

- Histogram Equalization
- Contrast Stretching
- Smoothing Filters (e.g., Gaussian filter)
- Sharpening Filters (e.g., Laplacian filter)

5. Image Transformation Techniques

- Fourier Transform: For frequency domain analysis


- Wavelet Transform: Multiscale representation of an image
- Log and Power-law transformations

6. Image Segmentation Techniques

- Thresholding
- Edge Detection (Sobel, Canny)
- Region-based Segmentation
- Clustering (e.g., K-means)

7. Feature Extraction and Matching

- Corner Detection (Harris)


- Blob Detection (LoG, DoG)
- SIFT, SURF, ORB features
- Feature matching using Euclidean distance or FLANN

8. Applications of Image Processing

- Medical Imaging (X-ray, MRI, CT)


- Remote Sensing (Satellite imagery)
- Biometric Authentication (Face, fingerprint)
- Industrial Automation (Defect detection)
- Robotics and Autonomous Vehicles

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