Digital Image
Processing:
Fundamentals
Name: Debmalyo Barman(24400123090) , Rounak
Thakur(24400123099) , Debarun Roy(24400123086) , Sourik
Das(24400122040) , Soumik Roy(24400123103)
Subject: Image Processing(PEC-IT 601 D)
Stream: Computer Science & Engineering
Year: 3rd
Assignment: CA1
Step 1: Image Acquisition
Capturing the World Devices and Sensors
Image acquisition begins with a device that Cameras, scanners, and sensors like CCD and CMOS
captures light and converts it into a digital are used for image acquisition. These devices
representation. This process involves sampling and capture light patterns and transform them into
quantization, converting analog signals into electrical signals that are then digitized.
discrete digital values.
Step 2: Image
Preprocessing
Cleaning Up Images C o m m o n Techniques
Image preprocessing Noise reduction methods
prepares images for further like Gaussian blur and
processing by removing median filtering are used to
unwanted noise and smooth out random noise.
artifacts. These Contrast enhancement
imperfections can arise improves the visibility of
during acquisition or details, and geometric
transmission. corrections adjust
distortions.
Step 3: Image Enhancement
Improving Image Quality Techniques
Image enhancement focuses on improving the Contrast stretching expands the range of pixel
visual appearance of an image by enhancing values to reveal hidden details. Histogram
specific features or making details more equalization distributes pixel values more evenly,
prominent. improving contrast. Spatial filtering techniques
like sharpening and smoothing can also be applied.
Step 4: Image Restoration
Reversing Degradation Techniques
Image restoration aims to Inverse filtering attempts to
restore degraded images to remove blur by inverting the
their original state by blurring function. Wiener
addressing factors like blur and filtering is a statistical
noise introduced during the approach that minimizes mean
acquisition or transmission square error between the
process. restored and original image.
Constrained least squares
filtering uses a combination of
regularization and
optimization techniques.
Step 5: Color Image Processing
Color Models and Transformations Techniques
Color image processing involves manipulating Color slicing extracts specific color ranges from an
color images using different color models like RGB, image. Tone and color corrections adjust the
C M Y K , and H SV, and applying color intensity and hue of colors, enhancing visual
transformations. appeal or correcting for inconsistencies.
Step 6: Wavelets and
Multiresolution Processing
Multiresolution Discrete Wavelet
Representation Transform
Wavelets provide a The Discrete Wavelet
multiresolution representation Transform (DWT) decomposes
of images, allowing us to an image into a set of
analyze different frequency approximation and detail
components at various scales. coefficients. The inverse
This approach is crucial for transform (IDWT) reconstructs
image compression and feature the image from these
extraction. coefficients.
Step 7: Image
Compression
Reducing Storage and Lossless vs. Lossy
Bandwidth Compression
Image compression reduces Lossless compression
the storage space and methods like Huffman
transmission bandwidth coding and LZW preserve all
required for images by the original information,
exploiting redundancies and while lossy methods like
removing unnecessary JPEG and JPEG2000 discard
information. some information to achieve
higher compression ratios.
Conclusion:
Applications and Future
Trends
Digital image processing is a rapidly evolving field with
profound implications for numerous industries. The
fundamental steps we have explored provide the foundation
for a wide range of applications, from medical diagnostics and
remote sensing to security systems and entertainment.
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