Types of Chemical Reactions
1. Combination Reaction
Definition:
When two or more reactants combine to form a single product, it is called a combination
reaction.
General Formula:
A + B → AB
Examples:
1. Ammonia and Hydrogen chloride gas combine to form Salt (Ammonium
chloride):
NH₃ (g) + HCl (g) → NH₄Cl (s)
(Ammonia gas + Hydrogen chloride gas → Ammonium chloride)
2. On burning Magnesium ribbon in air, a white powder of Magnesium oxide is
formed:
2Mg (s) + O₂ (g) → 2MgO (s)
(Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium oxide)
3. Water vapours combine with atmospheric Carbon dioxide to form Carbonic
acid:
H₂O (g) + CO₂ (g) → H₂CO₃ (aq)
(Water vapours + Carbon dioxide → Carbonic acid)
2. Decomposition Reaction
Definition:
The reaction in which one reactant breaks down to form two or more products is called a
decomposition reaction.
General Formula:
AB → A + B
Examples:
1. Thermal Decomposition:
Calcium carbonate decomposes to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide on
heating:
CaCO₃ (s) → CaO (s) + CO₂ (g)
(Calcium carbonate → Calcium oxide + Carbon dioxide)
2. Electrolytic Decomposition:
Water molecule splits into hydrogen and oxygen gas on passing electric
current (electrolysis):
2H₂O (l) —electric current→ 2H₂ (g) + O₂ (g)
(Water → Hydrogen + Oxygen)
3. Photo Decomposition:
The pale yellow silver bromide turns grey when exposed to sunlight due to
formation of silver and bromine gas:
2AgBr (s) —sunlight→ 2Ag (s) + Br₂ (g)
(Silver bromide → Silver + Bromine gas)
4. Acid Decomposition:
Calcium sulphide splits into calcium chloride and hydrogen sulphide when it is reacted
with Hydrochloric acid.
3. Displacement Reaction
Definition:
The reaction in which one element displaces another element from its compound is called a
displacement reaction.
General Formula:
A + BC → AC + B
Examples:
1. Iron replaces copper when Iron is dipped into Copper sulphate solution:
Fe (s) + CuSO₄ (aq) → FeSO₄ (aq) + Cu (s)
2. Zinc replaces Copper when Zinc is dipped in Copper sulphate solution:
Zn (s) + CuSO₄ (aq) → ZnSO₄ (aq) + Cu (s)
4. Double Displacement Reaction
Definition:
The reaction in which the ions in the reactants are exchanged to form a precipitate is called a
double displacement reaction.
General Formula:
AB + CD → AD + CB
Examples:
1. Copper chloride reacts with Potassium iodide to give brown colour Copper
iodide as by-product and Potassium chloride is formed:
CuCl₂ (aq) + 2KI (aq) → CuI₂ (s) + 2KCl (aq)
2. Silver Nitrate when reacted with Sodium chloride and Sodium Nitrate, a white
precipitate of Silver chloride is formed as by-product:
AgNO₃ (aq) + NaCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + NaNO₃
Q. What is a chemical Change?
The change during the Chemical Reactions which changes the composition of matter and the
change remains Permanent is called as Chemical change
Example: Ripening of fruit.
Q. What is a physical charge?
The change in which only the State of matter Changes and this change is often temporary in
nature
is called as physical change Example Trans formation of of ice into water.
Q What is a chemical Reaction?
A Chemical Reaction is a process in which Some Substance undergo bond oreaking 15 and are
transformed into a new Substances by formation of new bonds
The Substances taking part in chemical Reaction are Called as reactants The products formed
as a result of chemical equations Reaction are called Products
A chemical Reaction is represented by Writing a chemical Equation
Example: (C) + 02-
(Oxygen)
QDefine word equation.
(Carbon dioxide)
The Simple way of representating a chemical reaction in words is called as word equation
Aqueous Solution + Zinc- Of Copper Sulphate Just Aqueous solution + Copper Zinc Sulphate
The representation of Chemical reaction in Condensed form using Chemical formulae is Called
as Chemical equation.
IQ Define Chemical equation
Example: CuSo4+ zn Copper Sulphate zinc →ZnSO4 + Cu Zinc Sulphate Copper Q.
Give the Conventions for writing Chemical
Reactants are written on left hand Side Products are written on right right hand hand. side
Arrow() drawn drawn from fro reactant to product. indicates direction of reaction.
2 Two or more reactant or products are linked by (+) Sign
are used to make Chemical 3. Following Symbols are reaction more informative. (8) Solid. (A)=
(S)=Solid. (1)= liquid, (g) = gas, (1) = gaseous product (t) = Solid precipatate, (aq) = aqueous
solution
4. If heat is required to carry out chemical Reaction (4) Sign is written above arrow ( )(ث
5. If heat is released from Chemical reaction it is shown as follows
(usan(aq) + Zn (5) ZnSO4(aq) + Cu + Heat
6. Certain Conditions ke temperature, pressure or catalyst ave to be written below or above the
arrow 60c
Vegetable oilot H₂(9) N. Caublyst Vanaspathi ghee (5) 17. Special information such as names
of chemicals are written below the formulae
(u(s) +4HNO3 (09) Conc Copper Nitric Acid.
→(u(NO3)2+2ND2 (9) 20( Copper Nitruk Nitrogen Water diaxide
3Cu + 8HNO3(ay)→3 (u(NO₃)₂(can) + 2NO (9) +420)
Copper dilule Nitric Acid
Q. Define Unbalanced Chemical Equation
If the number of atoms of each element is not the Same on both the Sides of equation, then
Such a equation is called unbalanced
Chemical equation
Q. Define Balanced Chemical equation
If the number of atoms of each dement is
Saume on both the sides of equation then Such a equation is Called
balanced Chemical equation
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