Chapter 1:- chemical reaction and equation
By :- ALOK SIR { ALOK PHYSICS CAOCHING }
(NOTES)
Chemical Reaction :- The rearrangement of atoms due to which new
substances of of new properties are form , is called Chemical reaction
.
1. The Substance which take part in chemical reaction are called reactants .
2. The substance which forms in chemical reaction are called products.
3. The reactants and products have different physical properties.
4. The chemical reaction are classified by following properties:-
[i] EVOLUTION OF Gas :- in several chemical reactions Gas evelopes as product.
Example:- Na + Cl ----------- Nacl + h2
[ii] Change in temperature :- In several chemical reaction there is change is change in
temperature i.e Heat absorbs HEAT evelopes.
** EXOTHERMIC REACTION :- THE chemical reaction in which heat energy absorbes are
called exothermic reactions.
Example:- Cao + H2O -------------- Ca(OH)2 + H2O
*** Endothermic reactions :- The chemical reaction in which heat energy absorbed
are called Endothermic reactions.
Ex:- CaCO3 _HEAT _ ----------------- CaO + CO2
[III] Change in colour :- In several chemical reactions the colour of reactant changes .
Ex:- CuSO4 + Fe --------- FeSO4 + Cu
Cu:- red brown colour , FeSO4:- Greenish colour / pale green .
CuSO4 :- blue solution
(iv) Change in physical state :- In several chemical reactions the physical state of
Reactant and product changes. Example ;- H2(g) + O2(g) ----------- H2O(l)
(v) Formation of precipitate :- The substances which forms in chemical reaction
Which are insoluble in water are called precipitate .
Ex;- BaCl2 + H2SO4 ----------- BaSO4 + HCl (white ppt)
1) CHEMICAL equation :- The symbolic representation of chemical raectionis called
chemical equation .
2) We take reactants in left side and product in right side .
3) The reactant and products are separated by arrow mark.
4) The presence of catalyst or requirement of heat shown above the arrow mark.
Ex: CaCO3 __HEAT __------------- CaO + CO2
5) Catlalyst :- The substances which are essential for chemical reaction and
which increases the rate of reaction but not take part in chemical reaction
are called catalyst .
BALANCING THE CHEMICAL REACTION
(I) The mass of reactant and product is always equal in chemical reaction so, number
of atoms should be equal in both reactant and product . ( law of conservation of
mass)
EXAMPLE (QUESTION) :- H2O2 ------------ H2O + O2
( SOLUTION )2H2O2 --------- 2H2O + 2O2
*** Types of chemical Reaction **
I. Combination reaction
II. Decomposition reaction
III. Displacement Reaction
IV. Double displacement reaction
(I) Combination reaction :- The chemical reaction in which two or more
reactant form a single product , is called Combination reaction.
Generally Combination reaction are exothermic reaction .
Example:-2Mg + o2---------- 2MgO + HEAT |
(II) Decomposition reaction :- The chemical reaction in which a
compound splits in two or more smaller compound is called
Decomposition reaction.
To splits a larege compound external energy required which is
given in form of LIGHT , HEAT And ELECTRICITY .
Example of thermal decomposition reaction :- 2FeSO4(green
colour)_heat _--------- Fe2O3(brown colour) +SO2 + SO3
Example of electrolytic decomposition reaction :- It occurs due to
electricity. :- 2NaCl _electricity __ -------2Na + Cl2
Example of light decomposition / sunlight decomposition / photo
decomposition reaction :- 2AgBr _sunlight __-------- 2Ag +Br2.
Silver bromide is used in photographic field .
Reactivity series of metals :-
1. Potassium
2. Sodium
3. Calcium
4. Magnesiumg
5. Aluminium
6. Zinc
7. Iron
8. Lead
9. Hydrogen
10.Copper
11.Mercury
12.Silver
13.Gold
14.Platinum
(iii) Displacement reaction :- THE Chemical reaction in which one high reactive element displaces the
less reactive element from their compound is called Displacement reaction .
Ex:- CuSO4 ( blue col) + Zn --------- ZnSO4 ( colourless) + Cu.
(iv) Double displacement reaction :- The chemical reaction in which the compound exchange their
ions to form new compounds are called Double displacement reaction .
Ex:- AgNO3 + NaCl ----------- NaNO3 + AgCl ( white ppt)
Redox Reaction
Oxidation reaction :- THE addition of oxygen atom . or Removal of hydrogen atom or
Addition of electronegative substance or removal of electropositive substance is called
oxidation .
According to electron of theory :- The donation of electron is called Oxidation .
Reduction :- THE addition of hydrogen atom or removal of oxygen atom or the addition of
electropositive substance or the removal of electronegative substance is called reduction .
According to electron theory :- the gain of electron is called reduction .
Oxidising Agent :- the substance which is responsible for oxidation is called Oxidising agent .
Reducing agent :- the substance which is responsible for reduction is called Reducing agent .
A Chemical reaction in which oxidation and reduction take
place simultaneously , it is called redox reaction reaction .
