SCIENCE 9 REVIEWER
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Circulatory system is made by three parts:
Heart
Blood vessels
Blood
HEART (FLOW)
Superior Vena Cava Aortic Valve
Inferior Vena Cava Aorta
Right Atrium Different parts of
Right ventricle the body
Pulmonary Arteries
Lungs
Pulmonary Vein
Left atrium
Mitral valve
Left Ventricle
-the heart pumps blood
-the heart keeps all the blood in your circulatory system
ARTERIES
-it’s the biggest blood vessels in our body
-away from the heart
CAPPILARIES
-it’s the smallest blood vessels in our body
-they transport blood, nutrients and oxygen throughout the body
VEINS
-back to the heart
BLOOD
-Theirs three blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
White blood cells
RED BLOOD CELLS
-Red blood cells have Hemoglobin that is responsible for the red pigment
-also known as Erythrocytes
-Red blood cells live for about 120 days
-we have 4 to 5 litters of blood in our body
PLATELETS
-helps clotting of the blood
-also known as thrombocytes
-prevent excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is severed or ruptured
-150,000 to 450,000 per millimeter of blood
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
-this is Larger/Bigger but its only fewer
-also known as leukocytes
-from 700 red blood cells theirs only 1 white blood cells (700:1)
TYPES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
MONOCYTES
-engulfs pathogens
LYMPHOCYTES
-Anti pathogens and virus
NEUTROPIL
-combat bacteria and fungi
EOSINOPHIL
-defend the body against parasitic infections
BASOPHIL
-its function during allergic reaction (foreign protein)
REPIRATORY SYSTEM
-the human Respiratory system function as a passage way of gas into and
out of the body
-Respiratory system is comprised of the nose pharynx, larynx, trachea,
bronchi, and lungs
-there are the upper part and the lower part of the respiratory system
nasal cavity or nose
nostril
epiglottis
pharynx
larynx
trachea
bronchi/primary bronchus
pleural cavity
right and left lung
diaphragm
UPPER PART consist of:
Nose or nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
NASAL CAVITY OR NOSE
-The main entrance for airflow in the body
PHRYNX
-this is the pathway both air and food
LARYNX
-also known as voice box and for boys it’s called (Adam’s apple)
-its main function is mainly for speech
LOWER PART consisting of:
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
TRACHEA
-Trachea is also known as the wind pipe
-the epiglottis close while eating to prevent any substance or debris
going down to the trachea
BRONCHI
-The bronchi serve as a main passage way of air into the lungs
-the left bronchus is narrower, longer and less straight than the right lung
-the Bronchioles, which are the tiny branches of the main bronchi that lead
into tiny air sacs known as the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs
LUNGS
-this is the main organs of the respiratory system and are located in the
thoracic or chest, cavity
-the left lung has two lobes and that is upper and lower lobes and its
contains the heart and while the right lung has three lobes and that is upper
middle and lower lobes
THERES FOUR TYPE OF RESPIRATION
Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Transport
Internal respiration
PULMUNORY VENTILATION
-is the process by which air moves in and out of the lungs. This is also
known as breathing
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
-is the process which carbon dioxide from the cells is expelled from the
lungs as the blood in the lungs picks up a fresh loads of oxygen. In this
process, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between
the air and the blood within the lungs
TRANSPORTATION
-transportation of the oxygen and the carbon dioxide
INTERNAL REPIRATION
-is the exchange of the gases that occurs between the blood and the blood
cells (RBC)
GENETICS (DNA, GENES, CHROMOSOMES, AND TRAITS)
FR. Gregor Johann Mendel
The father of the modern genetics
Scientific name:Pisum sativum
Name: Peas
GENETICS
Chromosomes Heredity
Ghenotype Inheritance
Phenotype Haploid
DNA ( Deoxyribonucleic acid) niploid
genes
DNA
chromosomes
nucleus
GENES
-Branch of biology that studies heredity information
HEREDITY
-refers to passing of Characteristic from parent to offspring
VARIATION
-difference among individual belonging to the same species
“homo sapiens”
ALLELES
-contrasting expression or alternative forms of traits
Bb Bb
(B)(b) = ALLELES
(Bb) = GHENOTYPE
Bb 25% 25%
Black hair= PHENOTYPE
Bb 25% 25%
PHENOTYPE
-Observable expression of traits
NON MEDELIAN INHERITANCE
Incomplete Dominance
Codominance
Multiple alleles
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
-its occurs when one allele is unable to express its full phenotype in a
heterozygous individual.
CODOMINANCE
-Is a form of a two dominance which to alleles are equally strong and are
both visible in the hybrid genotype
MULTIPLE ALLELES
-Is a type of non mendelian inheritance that involves more than two alleles
exist when there many variations an example of theses is the human blood
type
