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vannik@mweb.co.za
EngMod4T
The Multi-Cylinder Four-Stroke
Engine Simulator
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EngMod4T
EngMod4T is a Four-Stroke Engine Simulator that simulates the gas-dynamic processes, the
thermodynamic processes and the mechanical processes of an engine. It allows the following
engine types and variants:
1. Inline, V- and Flat engines.
2. 1 to 8 cylinder engines.
3. 2 valve, 3 valve, 4 valve and 5 valve configurations.
Main Assumptions
EngMod4T uses the GPB-method to simulate the one-dimensional gas dynamics in the pipes
and ducts. It uses Cd-maps for all the ports, pipe ends and pipe discontinuities like
restrictions, steps and throttles.
The combustion model is a typical two-zone model as described in numerous publications.
The burn rate is described using a Wiebe function.
Types of Exhaust Pipes
A range of exhaust pipe configurations is available, depending on the type of engine. The
following lists some of them:
1. Open pipe for each cylinder (the user specifies the layout).
2. Box pipe where the pipe ends in a box with outlet – individual boxes or a common box.
3. Ninto1 pipes from N=2 to N=8, with the collector pipe an open or box pipe.
4. Log manifolds ending in an open pipe or a box with outlet pipe/s.
There are also some special pipes for V-engines with cross connectors etc.
The following picture shows a typical open pipe configuration:
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This is an example of a typical layout of a V8 NASCAR engine exhaust system with a cross-
over collector:
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Types of Inlet Pipes
As with the exhaust, a range of inlet pipes is available, depending on the type of engine. The
following lists some of them:
1. Plain open inlet pipe.
2. Inlet pipe with a throttle.
3. Inlet pipe with a boost bottle.
4. Inlet pipe with a throttle and boost bottle.
5. Ninto1 collector inlet with cylinder pipe throttles.
6. Ninto1 collector with collector throttle.
7. All the above with air box/es.
The next figure shows a typical inlet with a throttle and a boost bottle.
This figure shows a typical inlet system of a racing outboard engine that has a plenum
throttle.
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Camshafts
Cam lobe profiles can be generated or imported.
Using EngMod4T
The model is created using a pre-processor called Dat4T that is a standalone program. The
simulation is then executed using EngMod4T. At the completion of the simulation run the
post processing is done using Post4T, or if the user prefers by something like Excel.
Output of EngMod4T
The software can produce pressure and temperature traces for any duct, port and plenum
including the cylinder, crankcase and boost bottle. The following shows a typical pressure
trace of the inlet port, cylinder and exhaust port of a single cylinder:
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EngMod4T also outputs the mach indexes of all the ports and ducts, the purity trace of the
gas at each port and the pressure trace of the left and right moving wave at each port and
duct.
For each cylinder the purities, efficiencies and temperatures of each zone during the open
cycle is available. The next figure shows the purities in the inlet port, overall cylinder purity
and of the gas in the exhaust port.
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Other than the output during a single cycle the output for a complete run can also be
displayed. This includes values such as power output and torque values, delivery ratio,
trapping efficiency, charging efficiency, IMEP, BMEP, FMEP and PMEP as well as maximum
cylinder temperature and pressure etc.
The next figure shows the power curves for a G50 engine. As can be seen in the graph
legends these curves are for the standard engine and one fitted with a megaphone. As
modifications are simulated their curves can be added to the same graph. It is also possible to
plot the curves from other engines on the same graph.
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Obtaining the EngMod4T suite of programs
The software price is $US400.00. To purchase it email Neels van Niekerk at
vannik@mweb.co.za with a request. The software will then be emailed to you after which you
install it on your PC. The pre and post processors together with all the help files should then
work. EngMod4T requires a licence file to run. If after reading the help files you should
decide to purchase the software contact Neels van Niekerk to obtain banking details. Once
proof of payment has been received the licence file will be sent to you. The licence is for one
computer only.
Note
The software was written with the more experienced user in mind that cannot afford the more
sophisticated programs but still wants the ability to simulate multi-cylinder engines and/or
have some control over the temperatures and combustion processes.
