IMPACT 4.04.
00 21/04/2025
Chassis ID Path
26/Description, Design and function//Cooling system, system description
Model Identity
182065659
Publish date ID/Operation
10/08/2024
Cooling system, system description
Overview
Description
Coolant pump
Thermostat
Drive belts
Drive belts
Radiator fan
Fan ring with integrated cooling
Charge air cooler
Cooling system, system description
Overview
Cooling system, overview
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.04.00 21/04/2025
1 Radiator
2 Thermostat housing
3 Thermostat
4 Expansion tank
5 Retarder (if applicable)
6 Coolant temperature sensor
7 Air compressor
8 Gearbox oil cooler
9 Coolant pump
10 Coolant duct cover
11 Coolant level sensor
12 Cab heater
13 Coolant pump clutch
14 Coolant drain plug for oil cooler
15 Outlet from radiator to thermostat
16 Coolant return from air compressor and gearbox
17 Coolant inlet to air compressor and gearbox
18 Coolant return from cab heater
19 Coolant return from reagent (AdBlue®) pump unit
20 Coolant inlet to cab heater
Description
The cooling system controls the temperature of the engine and prevents it from overheating. The
cooling system also provides coolant to the following components:
● Oil cooler
● Air compressor
● Gearbox oil cooler
● Cab heater.
Cooling system, flow description
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.04.00 21/04/2025
The coolant pump (1) pumps the coolant through the oil cooler (3) , which is mounted on the oil
cooler cover. Some of the coolant flows to the lower cooling jackets of the cylinder liner through the
holes (2) . Most of the coolant flows through the holes (4) to the upper cooling jackets of the cylinder
liner. The coolant then flows to the cylinder head through the channels (5) . The cylinder head has a
horizontal partition that forces the coolant to flow through the hottest parts to obtain effective thermal
dissipation. The coolant then flows through the thermostat (6) , which directs the coolant through the
radiator or pipe (7) back to the coolant pump. The flow direction of coolant depends on the coolant
temperature.
Coolant to the air compressor (8) and gearbox is circulated through the hoses.
Coolant for the reagent (AdBlue®) is circulated through the hoses.
Coolant pump
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.04.00 21/04/2025
The coolant pump is a centrifugal type with electromagnetic coupling and is belt driven. This
electromagnetic coupling enables the coolant pump to run at two speeds: a normal speed when the
engine requires more cooling and a lower speed when the engine requires less cooling. The coolant
pump is controlled by the ECM (Engine Control Module). The coolant pump casing is made of
aluminium.
At normal speeds, the electromagnetic coupling is activated (battery powered) and the impeller inside
the coolant pump rotates at the same speed as the pulley on the outside. When the cooling
requirement is reduced, the electromagnetic coupling is deactivated (voltage supply is zero), and a
magnetic slip function reduces the speed of the impeller in relation to the pulley. Since the slip
coupling function is magnetic, components in the coupling do not wear.
The coolant pump is available with two different sizes of pulley.
● A smaller pulley, which gives a higher output for vehicles with a retarder that requires more
cooling.
● A larger pulley for vehicles without a retarder.
There are channels on the rear side of the coolant pump for distributing the coolant, and the front
houses a plastic impeller, shaft seal, bearing and pulley with electromagnetic coupling. The shaft
bearing is a permanently lubricated combined roller bearing.
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.04.00 21/04/2025
Note
The seal between the impeller and bearing in the coolant pump is lubricated by coolant that
seeps through the seal. Due to this, dried coolant residue will get accumulated around the
drain hole. The accumulation of coolant residue is normal and does not indicate that the
coolant pump needs to be replaced.
Thermostat
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.04.00 21/04/2025
The thermostat for coolant circulation is the piston type with a temperature-sensitive wax body, which
regulates opening and closing.
The thermostat is placed differently depending on whether the vehicle is equipped with a retarder or
not.
● In the cylinder head (1) on vehicles without a retarder.
● In the thermostat housing (2) on vehicles with a retarder.
Tech data
Thermostat, temperature at start of opening 82 ±2 ℃
Drive belts
Note
Applicable for vehicles with one alternator.
1 Inner drive belt
2 Outer drive belt
CP Coolant pump
F Fan
T Belt tensioner
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.04.00 21/04/2025
A Alternator
AC AC (Air Conditioning) compressor
C Crankshaft damper pulley
I Idler pulley
The engine has two poly-V drive belts.
The inner belt drives the air conditioning compressor (AC) and the alternator (A). The outer belt
drives the fan (F) and the coolant pump (CP). Both belts have automatic belt tensioners (T) and the
belt tensioners maintain tension on the belt. There is also an idler roller (I) to ensure correct contact
between the outer belt and the coolant pump pulley.
Drive belts
Note
Applicable for vehicles with two alternators (24A360BL).
1 Inner drive belt
2 Outer drive belt
CP Coolant pump
F Fan
T Belt tensioner
A Alternator
AC AC compressor
C Crankshaft damper pulley
I Idler pulley
The engine has two poly-V drive belts.
The inner belt drives the air conditioning compressor (AC) and the two alternators (A). The outer belt
drives the fan (F) and the coolant pump (CP). Both belts have automatic belt tensioners (T) and the
belt tensioners maintain tension on the belt. There are two idler rollers (I). One idler roller ensures
correct contact between the outer belt and the coolant pump pulley. The other idler roller ensures
correct inner belt contact between the alternator and the air conditioning compressor.
Radiator fan
Overview
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.04.00 21/04/2025
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.04.00 21/04/2025
1 Solenoid
2 Coupling piece
3 Coupling housing
4 Outer cover
5 Drive plate
6 Valve
7 Bearing (coupling housing)
8 Fan shaft
9 Bearing (solenoid)
10 Sensor wheel (speed sensor)
11 Silicone oil return channel
12 Silicone oil feed channel
13 Storage chamber
14 Drive chamber
The radiator fan regulates the engine temperature and the air conditioning inside the cab.
The radiator fan is a viscose type (slip fan with silicone oil-transferring power between the engine and
the fan) with an electric engaging and disengaging function. The fan is engaged and disengaged by
the solenoid (1), which receives the signals from the ECM through the coupling piece (2).
The fan speed is affected by various parameters. When necessary, the following systems can
request extra fan speed through the ECM.
● Coolant temperature
● Pneumatic system
● AC system
● Charge air temperature
● Retarder (optional)
● ECM temperature.
Note
It is always the system requesting the highest speed based on the requirement. The ECM
prioritises the appropriate system and sets the fan speed to meet the requirement.
The drive plate is fixed to the radiator fan shaft and always rotates at the same speed as the fan
pulley. The coupling housing is screwed into the radiator fan and mounted through the bearings in the
fan shaft and radiator fan rotates freely in relation to the shaft.
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.04.00 21/04/2025
Fan ring with integrated cooling
In this type of fan ring, the warm air flows from the air compressor through the inlet (1) and then
through the air channel inside the fan ring. The cooled air flows out through the outlet (2) to the APM
(Air Production Modulator).
Charge air cooler
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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IMPACT 4.04.00 21/04/2025
The engine is equipped with a charge air cooler of the air-to-air type. The charge air cooler is located
in front of the radiator and reduces the temperature of the inlet air by around 150 °C. The lower the
temperature of the inlet air, the cleaner the combustion will be. This generates considerably less NOx
(Nitrogen Oxide) - an absolute necessity for meeting the low exhaust emission levels.
Since the air is cooler, it is denser, which means a greater mass of air enters the engine, resulting in
more efficient fuel combustion. This increases the engine output.
The cold air also reduces the load on pistons and valves.
Copyright to this documentation belongs to the Volvo Group. No reproduction, copying, change, amendment or other similar disposal is entitled without prior written consent by
the Volvo Group
The information contained herein is current at the time of its original distribution, but is subject to change. The reader is advised that printed copies are uncontrolled.
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