Engineers Esplana, Realuyo, and Co.

Civil Engineering Review

Hydraulics and Principles of Geotechnical Engineering

INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only one answer for each
item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer provided.

1. The unit weight of a certain liquid changes as 9. Compute the coefficient of permeability of
the depth changes, given by the relation γ = the aquifer in m/day.
9 + 0.3h, where γ is in kN/m3 and h is the A. 57.1 C. 60.3
depth of the liquid from the surface in meters. B. 52.8 D. 64.7
Determine the gage pressure in kPa at a depth
of 8 m. 10. Compute the transmissivity of the aquifer in
A. 11.4 C. 91.2 m^2/day.
B. 81.6 D. 19.2 A. 1579 C. 1718
B. 1413 D. 1627
2. A series of triaxial tests was done to a soil
sample with the given data below. 11. A sample of moist sand taken from the field
Cell was found to have a moisture content of 14%
Test No. Axial Stress and a porosity of 38%. In a laboratory test
Pressure
1 110 190 that simulates field conditions, it was found
that its densest state, its void ratio is 40%
2 174 272 and at its loosest state its void ratio is
3 226 85%. Determine the relative density of the
Determine the major principal stress at the sand.
third test. A. 0.53 C. 0.62
A. 56 C. 282 B. 0.85 D. 0.47
B. 228 D. 339
12. A dam 4 m wide at the top, 10 m at the bottom,
and 20 m high has water 15 m deep on its
3. A layer of sand 16 m thick is underlain by a
vertical side. What is the factor of safety
clay layer 10 m thick. The saturated and dry
against sliding? Assume coefficient of
unit weight of the sand was determined to be
friction of 0.80, unit weight of concrete of
21.2 kN/m3 and 18.2 kN/m3, respectively. The
23.50 kN/m3, and neglect uplift.
clay has the following properties: n = 0.5 and
A. 2.4 C. 2.8
Gs = 2.73. The water table is at a depth of 5
B. 1.2 D. 1.9
m from the ground surface and the sand above
the water table is at 20% degree of saturation.
13. A barge weighing 350 kN when empty is 6 m wide,
Determine the effective pressure at the
15 m long, and 3 m high. Floating upright,
midheight of the clay layer.
evaluate the draft of the barge in meters when
A. 263 C. 207
transporting 5000 bags of cement along a
B. 281 D. 319
river, each bag having a mas of 40 kg. Assume
the specific gravity of the water in the river
4. A woman with a height of 150 cm holds a glass
to be 1.03.
having a height of 300 mm, and enters an
A. 2.54 C. 3.57
elevator that moves downward with a constant
B. 2.57 D. 3.73
velocity of 3 m/s. If the glass is 2/3 full of
water, determine the pressure at the bottom of
14. A jet of water 25 mm in diameter and having a
it.
velocity of 8 m/s strikes against a plate at
A. 1.96 C. 2.94
right angles. Determine the force on the plate
B. 1.36 D. 14.72
if the plate is moving in the same direction
as the jet with a uniform velocity of 3 m/s.
Situation 1: An embankment for a highway 10 m wide
A. 17.22 C. 21.72
and 1.5 m in compacted thickness is to be
B. 12.27 D. 12.72
constructed from a sandy soil trucked from a
borrow pit. The water content of the sandy
15. What should be the discharge velocity of
soil in the borrow pit is 25% and its void
rectangular canal having a depth of 1.2 and a
ratio is 0.80. Specific gravity of soil is
width of 5.4 m if it has a slope of 0.001 and
2.7. The specification requires the embankment
n = 0.013?
to be compacted to a dry unit weight of 18
A. 6.96 C. 5.48
kN/m3. For a 1 km length of embankment,
B. 2.15 D. 3.93
determine the following:
5. Dry unit weight of soil in the borrow pit.
16. A rectangular irrigation canal 6 m wide
A. 16.758 C. 16.825
contains water 1 m deep. It has a hydraulic
B. 14.715 D. 23.487
slope of 0.001 and a roughness coefficient of
0.013. What would have been the depth of the
6. Degree of saturation of the soil from the
canal, in meters, using the more economical
borrow pit.
proportions but adhering to the same discharge
A. 0.63 C. 0.48
and slope?
B. 0.84 D. 0.36
A. 1.67 C. 1.37
B. 1.26 D. 1.54
7. Volume of borrow pit soil required.
A. 16,454 C. 13,245
17. In accordance with Rankine’s theory for
B. 15,951 D. 18,349
lateral active earth pressure of a retaining
wall, with horizontal backfill, what angle of
Situation 2: A 300 mm diameter test well
internal friction, in degrees, results in a
penetrates 27 m below the static water table.
coefficient of lateral earth pressure equal to
After 24 hrs of pumping at 69 liters/sec. The
0.50?
water level in an observation well at a
A. 19.5° C. 16.9°
distance of 95 m from the test well is lowered
B. 18.7° D. 21.4°
0.5 m and the other observation well at a
distance of 35 m from the test well, the draw
18. Ratio of volume of voids and volume of soil.
down is 1.1 m.
A. Porosity
8. What is the flow rate in m^3/day.
B. Degree of Saturation
A. 5526 C. 6295
C. Void Ratio
B. 5259 D. 5962
D. Water Content
 Engineers Esplana, Realuyo, and Co.
Civil Engineering Review
19. Which is true for void ratio? 26. Evaluate the contribution of the footing
A. 0 < e < 100 C. 0 ≤ e dimension to the ultimate bearing capacity of
B. 0 ≤ e ≤ 100 D. 0 < e the soil.
A. 44 kPa C. 13 kPa
20. A granular soil deposit is considered dense B. 96 kPa D. 87 kPa
if the blow count of a standard penetration
test is between: 27. Evaluate the contribution of the soil cohesion
A. 4-10 C. 30-50 to the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil.
B. 10-30 D. Over 50 A. 264 kPa C. 306 kPa
B. 168 kPa D. 510 kPa
21. Water flows through a pipe at 150 L/s that
changes gradually from 134 mm at point A to 28. Water is contained in an open vessel moving at
418 mm at point B. A is 4.5 below point B. The an acceleration of one half that of gravity.
respective pressures at point A and B are 70 At what angle with the vertical will the water
kPa and 48.3 kPa. All minor losses are surface be?
insignificant. Determine the head loss of the A. 26.6° C. 63.4°
pipe. B. 62.6° D. 36.4°
A. 3.42 C. 1.26
B. 0.05 D. 2.79 29. If the Philippine Trench is observed to be
10.5 km deep, the pressure on the trench is
22. A rectangular plate 1 m wide by 2.4 m long is greater than the atmospheric pressure. What is
vertically submerged in water, the shorter the absolute pressure at the bottom of the
edge 2 m below and parallel to the water ocean at that location? Use specific gravity
surface. Evaluate how far in millimeters, of sea water = 1.03.
below the centroid of the plate is the A. 106.458 MPa C. 106.095 MPa
resultant horizontal force acting on each side B. 106.150 MPa D. 106.196 MPa
of it.
A. 250 C. 100 30. What height in meters of a column of special
B. 200 D. 150 gage liquid having a specific gravity of 2.9
would exert the same pressure as a column of
23. With a coefficient of friction of 0.013, what oil 6 m high having a specific gravity of 0.80?
dimeter of pipe is appropriate for a pipeline A. 8.69 C. 2.48
to carry 17 cu. m per minute with a loss of B. 1.66 D. 7.49
head of 3 m per km.
A. 600 C. 500 Situation 4: Pipeline 1, 2, and 3 are connected
B. 700 D. 400 in parallel; with pipeline 1 having diameter
of 450 mm, 600 m long; pipeline 2, 400 mm, 800
24. A ship floating in seawater is stable if the m long; and pipeline 3, 500 mm, 700 m long.
metacentric height is_____. The 3 pipes carry a combined discharge of 0.86
A. below the center of gravity m3/s. Assuming f = 0.02 (pipes 1 and 2); f =
B. above the center of gravity 0.018 (pipe 3).
C. coincides with the center of gravity 31. Compute the discharge of pipeline 1.
D. the draft of the ship causes a buoyant A. 0.250 m3/s C. 0.225 m3/s
force equal to the weight of the ship and B. 0.295 m3/s D. 0.325 m3/s
its cargo.
32. Compute the discharge of pipeline 1.
Situation 3: A square footing, 1.20 m on a side, A. 0.19 m3/s C. 0.253 m3/s
is embedded 1 m into a cohesive soil deposit. B. 0.225 m3/s D. 0.10 m3/s
The unit weight of the soil is 18 kN/m3 and
the angle of the internal friction is 22°. The 33. Compute the discharge of pipeline 3.
soil cohesion strength is 15 kPa. Use A. 0.415 m3/s C. 0.31 m3/s
Terzaghi’s formula for local shear failure and 3
B. 0.25 m /s D. 0.375 m3/s
table SMBC.
34. A right circular cylindrical container 2 m in
diameter and 4 m high is 1/2 full of water.
When rotated about its vertical axis at the
rate of 47.75 rpm, what is the pressure in
kPa, at the base of the container along the
perimeter?
A. 22.61 C. 25.84
B. 28.54 D. 26.12

35. A 450 kN load is transmitted by a column

footing on the surface through a rectangular
footing 1.5 m x 2.5 m. Assuming that the
pressure on the underlying soil formation
spreads on 2 vertical to 1 horizontal.
Evaluate the pressure exerted by the footing
on a soil 2.7 m below the footing.
A. 20.6 kPa C. 23.9 kPa
B. 31.7 kPa D. 17.8 kPa

36. A permeable soil layer that is underlain by an

impervious layer slopes at 5 degrees to the
horizontal and is 4 m thick measured
vertically. If the coefficient of permeability
of the permeable layer is 0.005 cm/sec,
determine the rate of seepage per meter width
25. Evaluate the contribution of the depth of of permeable layer in liters per hour.
embedment of ultimate bearing capacity of the A. 87 C. 63
soil. B. 49 D. 54
A. 81 kPa C. 209 kPa
B. 165 kPa D. 410 kPa
 Engineers Esplana, Realuyo, and Co.
Civil Engineering Review
37. According to Westergaard theory, the vertical on the ground. Determine the settlement of the
stress at a point below the surface of a semi- clay if:
infinite, homogeneous, isotropic soil mass due 46. The pre-consolidation stress is equal to 150
to a point load Q applied at the ground surface kPa.
is given by the equation: A. 101.14 mm C. 214.17 mm
0.318𝑄𝑁 B. 152.78 mm D. 45.09 mm
𝑃=
𝑧2
Calculate the vertical stress in kPa at a point 47. The pre-consolidation stress is equal to 250
below the ground for Q = 2500 and the point is kPa.
6 m below the load but 3 m horizontally from A. 101.14 mm C. 214.17 mm
the line of application. B. 152.78 mm D. 45.09 mm
A. 11 kPa C. 13 kPa
B. 12 kPa D. 14 kPa 48. The pre-consolidation stress is equal to 200
kPa.
38. The dry unit weight of a soil mass is obtained A. 101.14 mm C. 214.17 mm
to be 18.8 kN/m3. If water is added to the soil B. 152.78 mm D. 45.09 mm
mass so that the water content is 36%, evaluate
the unit weight of the soil in kN/m3. 49. A rectangular gate 1.2 m by 3 m is acted by
A. 18.75 C. 16.45 water on one side and is positioned with its
B. 25.57 D. 15.95 longer sides parallel to the water surface and
the plane of the gate is inclined at 60° with
39. Evaluate the resisting capacity against axial the horizontal. The top of the gate is
load due to skin friction of a wooden pile submerged 2 m vertically below the water
embedded into a layer of plastic clay in kN, surface. If the gate is hinged at the bottom,
given the following conditions: evaluate the force normal to the gate at top
Size of pile = 0.3 m square edge that will be required to open it in kN.
Depth of penetration into the clay layer = 10 A. 88.98 C. 98.88
m B. 41.43 D. 43.41
Unconfined compression strength of the clay =
110 kPa 50. In a triangular channel section, the most
A. 1320 C. 1100 economical section is achieved when sloping
B. 660 D. 550 sides make an angle of ___ with vertical.
A. 90° C. 60°
Situation 5: A sample of soil having a water B. 30° D. 45°
content of 30% has a mass specific gravity of
1.91. The specific gravity of the soil grains
is obtained to be 2.69.
40. Evaluate the void ratio of the soil mass.
A. 0.121 C. 0.831
B. 0.097 D. 0.111

41. Evaluate the porosity of the soil mass in

percent.
A. 45.4 C. 11.2
B. 10.5 D. 7.6

42. Evaluate the degree of saturation of the soil

mass in percent.
A. 95.7 C. 95.1
B. 94.6 D. 97.1

43. A vertical jet of water thru a nozzle supports

a load of 150 N. The velocity and diameter of
the jet at the nozzle tip are 17.36 m/s and 3
cm. Find the distance of load from the nozzle
tip in meters.
A. 8.0 C. 8.7
B. 7.7 D. 7.0

44. In a triaxial shear test of a cohesionless

soil, the soil cylinder was subjected to a
liquid pressure of 16 kPa inside the chamber.
It was observed that failure of the sample in
shear occurred when the axial compressive
stress reached 40 kPa. Determine the angle of
internal friction.
A. 33.75° C. 25.38°
B. 37.35° D. 23.58°

45. A trapezoidal canal has a bottom width of 4 m

and side slopes of 2 vertical to 1 horizontal.
When the depth of flow is 1.2 m, the flow is
30 m3/s. The roughness coefficient is 0.015.
Evaluate the slope of the channel.
A. 0.009 C. 0.005
B. 0.004 D. 0.001

Situation 6: A commercial building is to be

erected on a soil consisting of a 10 m layer
of sand (γdry = 16 kN/m3 and γsat = 18 kN/m3)
underlain by a 6 m layer of clay (γsat = 20
kN/m3, e = 0.92, Cc = 0.38, Cs = 0.08) Free
water is located 5 m below the levelled ground.
The building will induce a surcharge of 78 kPa