ATOMIC SIRUCTURE

loà
u de - -•6 X lD C
by
diip ep Neutrouy:
6-ne Hen shets og Be or B wou

beunborded u h o- pootteles.

mass

mass 1p* = (.672 xI6*kg

n,= l.674 Y16"kg
s8 Men
penctralA Rouss
PPa
mss
or
eathode Aaus Anode lConal
ehosge per unit wmars.
etp cathoo discorured by

geldstila photon) e q.lx

protn gos za tebe.
atvlychagd stndepeudutg natie
1.6 x10"e

tathode to anode anoda to penoatoa

( 46x 16"kA

i6'at wihe voy

atvery dow píesure becaus proton
kig voltage io"V,produed u uelew that di
an shiklug 2ns or Bas
coated
fen aom to atm.
Kuorekeuce

ME o EF.
olosnee

plales
otet pletogmplee
in MFor EF
•deriate an HFor o cleviate
but in opp- di ay to wia chaacler
catheds

he
ou

chaxacterfstis
m= atrst
he charaeterisics
u specd %e
anodh raus dapad

prad u hubi
ngt gasprsut
 keo to wMawell,
Ihombovs Atomio- Mo deli eAoses
model
kla plum puddly
oi water melou model
should oose ey
at enoy
ahd deae more closer & claser o he
to
moul.
aispudolg m
nakus foilonlga spiral patk
dran aieh nttay jublts in e
otom is Comsiclued
Omass
on atom hsfab.by calealatfouu,
to be Yray prend
cotu IoA E will seiral
into he nuelus.
atom.
oss q emgy by e is met

dousit sugct movem e.

qe t tel nsthiug dot
abst ditibufion,

touldut explau stobiiy

the e.

•Hhin sheta gold el bombolca total tre chage e, otom erist

did not derlae nucbus = preton + neutrenz nucleons

tadi m.
mest

Vatoa
bg
Veg ger panteds deviated
cageis tve toucuafd

(uilhzsonsbck by 180', R-R,A R, l33xo

133z6 Cm.
bayedon ebs from eypBolos Monc Modlel aowicwas
diaucoa

an atom. deioted
 •Hs moded vcs antlan to ola Ksofonsonutroni- /Sseonlk
elmeuts ehieh

and e as s0 aso kla

plants.
model.
plautay Jso dlapho:
Mass number e atow i aloauys Aome isetoplc number i-e A-22
awhde
be u
no
doimal.
but aouic wigo
macM) nr Rodlut bnse
iu aa E or a ehavq
teu amagnet iu
or
•
kla
atonc nuwber. adiatow
in NF, produes
a

elcromagfc radfaties.
same EMR cesist ef EFh ME, bete

ehemiealprèp no neutos. to dir eg Prepoqatea.

valneee m valn ist same.
perpandieulan
Cau trauewit apeed

-chenical preperies g ctoes e

doner
wet nted auy mediam fo'e
e dutermend by the no e pretovs ao
propogafou.

seba A,= A, rt creyt

but 2,* Z

„ca„diyt plap' chental prop.

dtt m values,

Ssoestes Same no

same no

dlshauce bel cevsacutve retor

Sso eliekoice

Bame no

al iso sts aeeeletroic but pelat

allisecheron caut be isoestes.
 fu tabeu by a oone to paus packi
guallyquauta|queatu
poldt.

incanhratdlbaly phonone

treugh
qout bar
h66x16 Js
Ezhe,hr

Enhr=nhe nhcv

6ngy per mel =Nhr Nahc

ls.
distan cyeted by awcwtin
plhoton
cA-cvoke poluts about
a uwane but lihe
Oranel
stribes ke aa pautele.

EH spchun:
phetom mas
isCousidered

de to is KE.

vistbll phston has nochage i.e rautral.

wiuoant Pheto edctic eket?

9rodloue isleu discetinuens
feotd.

todit euexy emited or absorbad

wm at of entay do be Incdt
quauk.
jeted
wih zero KE!
-E, hy, he Belos Atowdc Moolel?

Hhoushel
•
pahlates
uhre
atom has a nucluy
neutrou cou abtetpret
oll proton
uels is very
Lall h it
E>E,, A4d,, v>V. •Ae le atom.
-ot Hue ceutre &
prosate

oqplid epposite poteutial at hu sqme way plauits arBdden

cotlietor to stor teo e
towcdsluclus ntelsus.
e E-E,
(edcodotic or alatutal) cewtigrgat gomee
bet e and wucls

my
-I

w h nh
i-pheto elatio iuteaty

evelve an kfa tatonany orbit

n as KE4
phetos ceusteut LeUslaut.

Weach alaieuany orbit is

aut.
KE,v1. no fe on photo elactr

cwtot
ueoe Hhese otbiti ou alo called
leres. Qud ae nuubered as

i2,5,4..- or K,CM,N.
v)tu emselen
or aleorplieu TE E- KE +PE
-18
loz2
E, =-Q.18x n J/atow
state
statonauy
eVlatom
to aioth
En13.6x

-Ve sign denote/ndtates

attracHeu.
e is undu
KEt t
KE= K2e ie KE«I
absorbed
innot foouter-

euter
to fvhet
emitted

PE -K2el i.c
PE-!t PE4

or
heter emusisn -L
n, >n, TE-kze ie TEa
ill eccw
enogy uil!
okseptox

tni 131R n2 ka/meleTan

kze,ww
myg h DE= CBustot|)\z

= nh
n'h K2e'
a'm k2el i312 ka mele
13-6elaten T/atom
.to
•fonisatfev mini anto enoy
aniselat
atomer
n,|
K22
olso kla

nh excited slate is calkd a saparatom twrgy

 excitkon emyy ydreg eu&pectuw
n 1 n,= 34.S
at ame

fhn
štate
gtound state
is called y
to

excilaliou
y excited
emogy
TLgdhen
ny

nste
abort
a
ae
Huse 3 above meutisued
|Lymahn
Balmer
n22

Dionisatiom eugy
saaiom egy -nhiglor
exitatim eugy poitve
exo |endo

-n,-loueh.
Jpetrm
line or inital Aene.
or zankug

•(nt) to n

Spetran

conskant sprera.

a)cmmisiew &pea b) absorpton speeta

(apergenia).
a)emission pectrum
Atom afusomakne
excitaian
OCCws
stop lisecoud lme

emissien
dertatiou Ocn
studied ou
photeite otl speokral linsn,-n)(1-1, +)
plate

2
9.eissien S1 Jotal Ceuldut
an EF (staesbfet)

4 absorptou lhes. no praper explarato abut hy

nes.
to emissien

partealo beries
- n,- ) cheuieal bonds.

Dual Natue?
Watter dual behawier.
beharieu.
photou has dual
Kydberg coataut
wane.
pastielk

-13-62
A he h, h

hc
de broglie couapt opplabl
for both iioscopie Amacoscopi.
-V R-2

belois & debroglies coucpt

R=104678 c R mw42nh

mulll elctreu cvcmoue orbit is

mv2 nh net explainad

net Aec to debrogle, u natteof e
hetaouberg npeogctpriuctpa.
 VamkE Vamay
0,4 he pe kneuu quie acasakl
small en
|2.25 A Av beoms ags vie versa,

Wae nato veripid

by Dawlssen omd
Helsubera Unconaluitg experiataly
Werne
neiscubg
Prineipe:
to Measwe Sullancusly
ofmpenlbl
•Beltes tneory Ceunldsau e as a EKact momentem
He eratpos
e
material ptee. a body ass shiall as

•its wentum Can be

pes mo
Suautum Mechanles
determined wih away obraucl ef sclene Hhot deals sftt
But, behao g matter Bs called
dual
•whe aneis cBnsidered in he

quantam mechanie.
a wae as

de-broglia ,t
net posibu to is
o developed wer ner Heisenbogo

actain iltanesusly he exaet

po' aud velthue
e more ehrodlngcr guate
at a gen fustat slnen tue we
A-hatltenian o perator.
&ie bv h
E - fotal egy
atomis orbltal:

Hhe
the ei
q02
SE.&t>h say abou
maximum kay

schodlnqer seled
pelut coordinate calpalate val q
 A2lmhal quantuw humaber
costet:
•prebabilky number
Abniylan. Angulanguatum
Yhas nophyglal
nember
-ve,0,we secenday quatum
or

apresondad

o,tve. he eukihell,
uprseut
name
Squau orbital
and
hapeo
probabibig,8 wšoue
ata proilal orbtkal

ihenamafom uetton. mometun.

peiut Oglai o to n-l,
2' lies bet
value
umbes.
leos spheicel shape

- base
quoutum
no to
alm
l-1p co dumbbell shape
bellslope
=2>ddoubledunh
Aocate

Qe n,and w.
-3 fompler shope.
ORucfpal Bueutwn Nymber mpmenkuui
oiblalaguden

•suprgants name
naw egy
and

be shell to which e i belevigs

erbilal.
h{hash) - h.
opreeulad by

a(e4+1)
catrepovdig
 for mono eletovi apeles,

ORadtsl noda lskotameda Jnedaln

Ghas ol inerpkiag hape

lstal nó eq nodus = n
Is <2se2p<3s 3p =d<
no' oradial nods=
n-4- 1

ONuclus o ane nest cousilo

tasht,
eungy s<p<d<f

+|

Oration &uoutau Nunber nadalpleme

m'.
xap resauted by

eg eeloud, -ilo|+42
oriemlation no nodal plaue
Pupregeute dodeta!

ie orbtal. axis.

orblkal. (theC cleudis Maorbike) all d orbitol hie 2 nodal plane

ple

butno nod alplane

bucludig-o)
obitali opsuksal!

Node' orbital >2

iu a shel =n
obitel in a Suh shull al1
Zero.
 Araples?
shd
0s-sabihdl
R uhlaubck. slath 2ero.
Groudsuit Pst subskll
areuby
adtal nodw n--1- no

9-e, +«tau 0,
go
fo fhe-ve
belaokar
valu.
spia/spin
uptle
rclockuslu

nmapa feuc
will
conebackup
IC-axis

ooreasee

•cach orbital cau accomocate

e. ls R 1-0-l >0

SpaMutHpliciki
p

node.
Nomeat?
node

un(nt2) BM boln RN3-1-l |

Mel... =3....
 Nodal plant wOnoeletrouie
elchonic <peeien,

n em

oady radial
ls <as2p2 35*3p3d< ugolg slditf
noda/nodal unaee
no nodol plawna. Hustkplice
lo nodal planeo
Hunds maxiums
psublell •lua subshull awong thu degaoal

orbitals, pawng canet oce wntl

each orbital is siugly olCupied
Prg nodalplame
afth poralld epin.
Pak2 nodal plaue

ynodal plane unds viblatibn

l-2 nodal plaue

S
Pd is more stable thau d
anodal plau

d no
nodal plone
deto more exehange egt
d
Afbaus Piveipl
more

(n+t)atno er le03r2*6 Babu ercharge lo+lb

2 lo+6
posiu posbli

Aoworvalue

Junt reneber

6
(
au
mer
more

Wore
stable

salsiliy
yuunrie dutiouhin
due to

du to t
Kernel value,
shel
wore
Sawe
eKchangs oy
vabucee
Hin pes4egyneleased is

er'ultmale shell Hhu Hhe

Aewmaluiug shelts ae cOre chaa

collictebycalld as kernel.
Paulls Exeluen
no Qenau atom ea hane

valus o all gounquouhan

dame
numbes.
uit
orbital
l harete

chaacter
16 (x,- X) +
35(x,-x