1. What is Node.js?

Answer: Node.js is a JavaScript engine used for executing

JavaScript code outside the browser, commonly used to build
scalable backend applications.

2. What is the difference between Node.js and JavaScript?

Answer: JavaScript is a scripting language, while Node.js is a
runtime environment that allows JavaScript to run on the
server side.

3. Is Node.js single-threaded?
Answer: Yes, Node.js is single-threaded but uses event-driven
architecture and non-blocking I/O to handle multiple requests
efficiently.

4. What kind of API function is supported by Node.js?

Answer: Node.js supports both synchronous (blocking) and
asynchronous (non-blocking) API functions.

5. What is a module in Node.js?

Answer: A module in Node.js is a block of code that provides
specific functionality, which can be reused across different
parts of an application.
6. What is npm and its advantages?
Answer: npm is the default package manager for Node.js, offering
benefits like dependency management, version control, and a
centralized repository.

7. What is middleware?
Answer: Middleware functions execute between the request and
response cycle, performing tasks like logging, authentication, and
data processing.

8. How does Node.js handle concurrency despite being single-

threaded?
Answer: Node.js handles concurrency through asynchronous,
non-blocking operations, allowing multiple tasks to run
simultaneously within a single thread.

9. What is control flow in Node.js?

Answer: Control flow refers to the order in which code statements
and functions are executed, managing asynchronous operations
and error handling.

10. What do you mean by event loop in Node.js?

Answer: The event loop is a mechanism that processes
asynchronous tasks in a single thread by continuously checking
for and executing callback functions.
11. What are the main disadvantages of Node.js?
Answer: Disadvantages include its single-threaded nature,
preference for NoSQL databases, and rapid API changes that can
cause instability.

12. What is REPL in Node.js?

Answer: REPL stands for Read, Evaluate, Print, and Loop; it's an
interactive environment for executing Node.js code and
debugging.

13. How to import a module in Node.js?

Answer: Use the 'require() function to import external modules,
storing the result in a variable for use in the application.

14. What is the difference between Node.js and AJAX?

Answer: Node.js is a server-side runtime environment, while AJAX
is a client-side technique for asynchronously updating parts of a
web page.

15. What is package.json in Node.js?

Answer: package.json is a metadata file in Node.js that contains
information about the project, such as dependencies, scripts, and
version.
16. What is the most popular Node.js framework used these
days?
Answer: The most popular Node.js framework is Express.js, known
for its scalability and minimalistic approach to building web
applications.

17. What are promises in Node.js?

Answer: Promises in Node.js are objects that handle
asynchronous operations, providing a cleaner alternative to
callback functions.

18. What is event-driven programming in Node.js?

Answer: Event-driven programming synchronizes multiple events
using event loops and callback functions to simplify program
flow.

19. What is buffer in Node.js?

Answer: A buffer is a temporary storage space for binary data,
allowing Node.js to handle raw data directly.

20. What are streams in Node.js?

Answer: Streams are objects used to handle continuous data
flows, allowing for efficient reading and writing of data.
21. Explain crypto module in Node.js.
Answer: The crypto module provides cryptographic functionality,
such as encryption, decryption, and hashing of data.

22. What is callback hell?

Answer: Callback hell refers to the problematic situation caused
by deeply nested callbacks, making code difficult to read and
maintain.

23. Explain the use of timers module in Node.js.

Answer: The timers module allows execution of code after a
specified delay or immediately in the next event loop cycle using
functions like 'setTimeout()` and `setImmediate()`.

24. What is the difference between setImmediate() and

process.nextTick() methods?
Answer: `process.nextTick()` executes callbacks at the start of the
next event loop, while `setImmediate() executes them at the end
of the current event loop.

25. What is the difference between setTimeout() and

setImmediate() method?
Answer: 'setTimeout()` schedules a callback after a specified
delay, whereas 'setImmediate() executes it immediately after I/O
events.
26. What is the difference between spawn() and fork() method?
Answer: 'spawn()` runs a new process from the command line,
while `fork()` creates a new instance of the existing process to
perform parallel tasks.

27. Explain the use of passport module in Node.js.

Answer: The passport module adds authentication features to
applications, supporting various sign-in methods.

28. What is fork in Node.js?

Answer: Fork is a method to create child processes that allow
parallel execution of tasks in Node.js.

29. What are the three methods to avoid callback hell?

Answer: To avoid callback hell, use `async/await', promises, or
generators.

30. What is body-parser in Node.js?

Answer: Body-parser is middleware that parses incoming request
bodies in a middleware before handling it in Node.js applications.
31. What is CORS in Node.js?
Answer: CORS stands for Cross-Origin Resource Sharing, allowing
restricted resources on a web page to be requested from another
domain.

32. Explain the tls module in Node.js.

Answer: The tls module provides an implementation of TLS and
SSL protocols to establish secure network connections.

33. What is a cluster in Node.js?

Answer: A cluster allows Node.js to utilize multiple cores of a
machine by creating child processes that share the same server
port.

34. How to manage sessions in Node.js?

Answer: Sessions in Node.js can be managed using the `express-
session module, which stores session data on the server.

35. Explain the types of streams in Node.js.

Answer: Types of streams include readable, writable, duplex
(both), and transform (modifies data) streams.
36. How can we implement authentication and authorization in
Node.js?
Answer: Use packages like Passport for authentication and JWT
for managing tokens to implement security in Node.js
applications.

37. Explain the packages used for file uploading in Node.js.

Answer: Multer is a popular middleware used for handling file
uploads in Node.js.

38. How to handle database connection in Node.js?

Answer: Database connections in Node.js are managed using
drivers like MySQL and libraries like Mongoose for MongoDB.

39. How to read command line arguments in Node.js?

Answer: Use the process.argv array to access command-line
arguments passed when running a Node.js application.

40. What are child processes in Node.js?

Answer: Child processes allow Node.js to handle multiple tasks
concurrently by creating subprocesses that can run
independently.