 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬

 ٢٤٤
 ‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ?  ? ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،‫א‬    ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W1‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬KKKKK – –F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ •
E‫א‬KKKKKKKK–F‫א‬ •
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ 
‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬  


1
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬     ،‫א‬     
2
   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 

T
 





2
‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
W
‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،  W
 K‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ J  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “Controlled Rectifiers ” ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬“ DC Chopper ”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
، “ Inverters ”‫א‬‫א‬ “ AC Voltage Controller ” ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
Slip Power ” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  “Recovery
K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

١
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

 4W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬       ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

DC Motors W‫א‬‫א‬W
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

Separately Excited DC Motor ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

Ia
Ra

Va
If
Eb

Vf

(1-1)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  (1-1) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
     [E bY ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Vf = Rf If (1-1)
Va = Eb + Ra Ia (1-2)
Eb = Kv ω If (1-3)
Td = Kt If Ia (1-4)
Td = TL + B ω (1-5)
W

(V)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Va

(V) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Eb

(Ω) ‫א‬ Ra

(A) ‫א‬ Ia

(V)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Vf

(Ω) ‫א‬ Rf

(A) ‫א‬ If

(V/A-rad./sec)‫א‬ Kv

-3-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(N.m/A2) ‫א‬ Kt

(N.m) ‫א‬‫א‬ Td

(N.m) ‫א‬ TL

(rad./sec)‫א‬ ω
(N.m/rad./sec)‫א‬ B

  ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ (1-2)  
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
Speed(ω)

V1
V2

V3
V4
V1>V2>V3>V4

Torque

(1-2)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W(1-1)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
300 ‫א‬0.15 Ω‫א‬‫א‬K440V‫א‬
‫א‬   K100 N.m. ‫א‬  1.15 V/A.rad./sec   ‫א‬  Ω
W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬20%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

-4-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬

Va = 440 V Vf = 440 V Rf = 300 Ω Ra = 0.15 Ω

TL=100 N.m Kv = 1.15 V/A.rad./sec.

W‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Td = TL = 100 N.m
Vf
If = = 1.467 Amp.
Rf
Td 100
Ia = = =59.28 Amp
K v I f (1.15)(1.467)
Eb = Va –IaRa= 431.107 Volt
E 431.107
ω= b = = 255.539 rad./sec
K v I f (1.15)(1.467)
60ω
n= = 2440.217 rpm
2π
20%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Td = TL =120 N.m.
T 120
Ia = d = =71.13 Amp
K v I f (1.15)(1.467)
Eb = Va –IaRa = 429.33 Volt
E 429.33
ω= b = = 254.486 rad./sec
K v I f (1.15)(1.467)
60ω
n= = 2430.16 rpm
2π

Series Motor ‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1-3)

Va = Eb + (Ra+Rf) Ia (1-6)
Eb = Kv ω Ia (1-7)
Td = Kt Ia2 (1-8)
T d = TL + B ω (1-9)
-5-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

Ia
Ra

Va
Eb

(1-3)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Speed

V1>V2>V3

V1
V2
V3
Torque

(1-4)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ (1-4)

‫א‬     ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬
W(1-2)
‫א‬ K 100 hp, 600V, 1500 rpm ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
0.032 V/A.rad./sec   ‫א‬  0.06 Ω  ‫א‬   0.04 Ω ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬1000 rpm60 N.m.‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ •
-6-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬20%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬
Rf = 0.06 Ω Ra = 0.04 Ω TL=60 N.m Kv = 1.15 V/A.rad./sec.

W‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Td = TL = 60 N.m

Td
I f = Ia = = 43.3 Amp.
Kv
2πn
ω= = 104.72 rad./sec
60

Eb = KvIfω= 145.1 Volt

Va = Eb + (Ra+Rf) Ia=149.43 Volt

‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
n = 1200.rpm
2πn
ω= = 125.664 rad./sec
60
Eb = KvIfω= 174.12 Volt
Va = Eb + (Ra+Rf) Ia=178.45 Volt

AC Motors ‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-7-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

Three Phase Induction Motors ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ،‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،(1-6)  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ (1-5)
:‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(1-7)‫א‬

4πf
ωs = (1-10)
P
ns − n ω −ω
= s= s (1-11)
ns ωs

R2'
3I 2'2 ⋅
Pg s = 3V12 ⋅ R2'
= =
ωs ωs  R2' 
2

(
sω s  R1 +  X 1 + X 2'

s 
)
2 (1-12)


120 f
n = (1-13)
s P
W

(A)‫א‬‫א‬ I1

(A) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ I2'

(Ω)‫א‬‫א‬ R1

(Ω)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ R2'

(Ω)‫א‬‫א‬ X1

(Ω)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ X2'

-8-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(Ω)‫א‬‫א‬ Rc

(Ω)‫א‬‫א‬ Xc

(A)‫א‬ Io

(A)‫א‬ Ix

(A)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ic

(rad./sec)‫א‬ ω
(rad./sec)‫א‬‫א‬ ωs
‫א‬ s

‫א‬ P

‫א‬ f

(rpm)‫א‬‫א‬ ns

(rpm)‫א‬ n

X1 I2’ X2’
I1
Io
R1 R2’
Ic Ix

V1 Rc Xc R '2
(1 − s)
s

(1-5)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   (1-6)       ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (1-8)
Ys=sm Y‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ [s=smY [s=1Y‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬[s=0Y
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-9-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

I1 X1 X2 ’
Io I2’
R1 R2’
Ic Ix

V1 Rc Xc R '2
(1 − s )
s

(1-6)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Pin =3V1I1Cos φ

Pst+Pi =3I12R1+3V12/RC

Pg=Tdωs Pg=3I2’2R2’/s

Pcu2 = 3I2’2R2’

Pm=Tdωs(1-s)
Pm = 3I2’2R2’(1-s)/s

Pf

Psh = Tshω

(1-7)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 10 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

600
Tm
400

Torque 200
Sm
Tst
0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0
Slip

(1-8)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W(1-3)
‫א‬ 25hp, 460V, 60Hz ‫א‬       ‫א‬   
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R1 = 0.64 Ω R2’ = 0.333 Ω X1 = 1.1 Ω
X2’ = 0.465Ω Xc = 27 Ω
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 700 watt‫א‬ 300 watt‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫ א‬ ‫א‬  1750 rpm ‫א‬ 
W
‫א‬‫א‬J ٣  ‫א‬J ٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬J ٦  ‫א‬‫א‬J ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨    ‫א‬J ٧

‫א‬

Pc= 300 W, Pf = 700 W, n= 1750 rpm, f =60 Hz

460
P=4 VL = 460 V Vph = =265.58 V
3
120 f 2πn s
ns = = 1800 rpm ωs = =188.496 rad/sec
P 60

- 11 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

2πn ns − n
ω= =183.26 rad/sec =0.0278 s=
60 ns
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (1-7)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
R2 '
) + j(X1+X2’) = 12.618 + j1.565 = 12.715 ∠7
o
Z1 + Z2 = (R1 +
s
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
v ph
I2’ = = 20.88∠ − 7 o =20.7-j2.54
Z1 + Z 2
 ‫א‬
v ph
Io = = 9.836∠ − 90 o =-j9.836
Zo
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
I1=Io+I2’ = 20.7-j12.38 = 24.12 ∠ − 30.9
o

I1= 24.12 Amp

‫א‬
P.F = Cos(-30.9) = 0.86 lag EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pin=3Vph I1 Cos (30.9) = 16492.87 Watt
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pst = 3I12.R1 = 1117 Watt
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pg= Pin- (Pst + Pc)= 15075.86Watt
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
’2 ’
Pcu2 = 3I2 .R2 = 435.54 Watt
‫א‬‫א‬
Pg
Td = = 80 N.m
ωs
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Psh = Pg -(Pcu2+Pf) = 13940.32 Watt
- 12 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬
Psh
Tsh = = 76 N.m
ω
Synchronous Motors ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬    E‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬      
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Cylindrical Rotor Motor‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ (1-9)    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (1-10)
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E f = Vt + I a (Ra + jX s ) (1-14)
3Vt E f Sinδ
Td = (1-15)
ωs X s
(1-13)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W
(A)‫א‬‫א‬ Ia

(V) ‫א‬ Ef
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(V)‫א‬ Vt

(Ω)‫א‬‫א‬ Ra

(Ω)‫א‬‫א‬ Xs

‫א‬‫א‬ δ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ φ

Xs Ra

Ia

Vt Ef

(1-9)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vt
δ
φ
Ef IaXs
Ia
(1-10)
‫א‬‫א‬

Salient Pole Motor ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3Vt E f Sinδ 3Vt 2 (1-16)
Td = −
ωs X d 2ω s
 W
(Ω)‫א‬‫א‬ Xd

(Ω)‫א‬‫א‬ Xq

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK •
‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C 9 K

    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
           K‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

W
  K

‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
280 ‫א‬ 0.1 Ω‫א‬‫א‬ K 440V‫א‬
‫א‬   K120 N.m. ‫א‬  1.14 V/A.rad./sec   ‫א‬  Ω
W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K 100 hp, 600V, 1500 rpm ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 0.03 V/A.rad./sec‫א‬ 0.03 Ω ‫א‬ 0.02 Ω‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬1000 rpm50 N.m.‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬20%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 20hp, 460V, 60Hz ‫א‬       ‫א‬   
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
R1 = 0.65 Ω R2’ = 0.34 Ω X1 = 1.11 Ω
X2’ = 0.55Ω Xc = 30 Ω
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 700 watt‫א‬ 320 watt‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬0.02 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J ٣  ‫א‬J ٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬J ٦  ‫א‬‫א‬J ٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٨    ‫א‬J ٧

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٦
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨

 4W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
“ Converters”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W ‫א‬
“ Controlled Rectifiers ”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
“ DC Choppers”‫א‬‫א‬
“ AC Voltage Controllers ”‫א‬‫א‬
“ Inverters ”‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

“Controlled Rectifiers” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫?א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،   ‫א‬ 
W‫א‬
“ Half Wave Converter”
“Semi-converter”

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

“Full Wave Converter ” 

“Dual Converter” ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Single Phase Half Wave Converter ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K(2-1)EQF‫א‬‫א‬
           ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(D)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Vm
Vo = (1 + Cosα ) (2-1)
2π

(2-1)
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (2-1)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ،“ α”‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

W (2-1) 
10Ω‫א‬‫א‬
   ،‫א‬   
  ‫א‬      
W‫א‬208 v‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

60o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
8A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K


‫א‬
‫א‬E
Vm = 208 2 = 294.156  Volt
V
Vo = m (1 + Cosα ) = 46.816(1 + Cos 60) = 70.22
Volt
2π
V
I o = o = 7.022
Amp.
R

‫א‬‫א‬E
8A
Vo = I o R = 8 × 10 = 80  Volt
(2-1)‫א‬
α= 44.86o
‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬
Vm
Vo max = (1 + Cosα ) = 46.816(1 + Cos0) = 93.63 Volt
2π
V
I o max = o max = 9.36 Amp.
R

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Vm(2-1)‫א‬
α(deg) 0 45 90 135 180
Vo(volt) 93.63 79.816 46.816 13.71 0
1
E2-1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

100

50
Vo
( 0
0 45 90 135 180
Alpha (deg)
(2-2)
E2-1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

“ Single Phase Semi-converter” ‫א‬

            ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ (D1, D2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Q1,Q2) ‫( א‬2-3)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ (2-4)،“D”‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

(2-3)
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ [Vo[‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ [0-πY‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
Vm
Vo = (1 + Cosα ) (2-2)
π

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬(2-2) ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
K“α”‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
“One quadrant”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

(2-4)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

W(2-2)
         ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 ‫א‬ 10Ω‫א‬
،‫א‬   
W‫א‬208 v‫א‬‫א‬
75o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
v١٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬ K


‫א‬
‫א‬E
Vm = 208 2 = 294.156  Volt
Vm
Vo = (1 + Cosα ) = 93 ⋅ 633(1 + Cos75) = 117.86 Volt
π
Vo
Io = = 11.787 Amp.
R

150 V‫א‬(2-2)‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬E
α= 52.987o

‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vm
Vo max = (1 + Cosα ) = 93.633(1 + Cos0) = 187.266 Volt
π

“Single Phase Full Converter” ‫א‬

           ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   (2-6)  K (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4)   (2-5)
‫א‬‫א‬ (Q1, Q2) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ (Q3, Q4) ‫א‬
- ٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ 90o‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  90o‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(Two-quadrant) 90o
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ “Vo” ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
“α to π-α”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

2Vm
Vo = Cosα (2-3)
π

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (2-3)‫א‬‫א‬
“α ”‫א‬

(2-5)
‫א‬

- ٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(2-6)

‫א‬‫א‬
W(2-3)
‫א‬         ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
  ،‫א‬    
  ‫א‬        10Ω
W‫א‬208 v‫א‬‫א‬
45o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
Ps‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 135o ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   K

‫א‬
- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬
E
Vm = 208 2 = 294.156  Volt
2V
Vo = m (Cosα ) = 187.266(Cos 45) = 132.417
Volt
π
V
I o = o = 13.2417
Amp.
R

E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ps= PL =VoIo=1753.43 watt
E
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 135o‫א‬ ‫א‬
(2-3) ‫א‬
2Vm
Vo = (Cosα ) = 187.266(Cos135) = −132.417 Volt
π
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ps= VoIo= -1753.43 watt

Single Phase Dual Converter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(2-7)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  (Four quadrant)
‫א‬‫א‬

(2-7)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

“Three Phase Half Wave Converter” ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   “Q1,Q2,Q3” ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
(2-8)

(2-8)
‫א‬‫א‬

 (ωt>π/6) ‫א‬ Q1‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ Van‫א‬،(ωt=π/6 + α)
‫א‬Q1(ωt=5π/6 + α)Q2
  (ωt=3π/2 + α) Q3 ‫א‬،‫א‬ Vbn
‫א‬ Vcn‫א‬،  Q2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(2-9)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬“ Two quadrant”  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

3 3Vm
Vo = Cosα (2-4)
2π

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(2-8) 
‫אא‬‫א‬
W (2-4) 
10Ω‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
30o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،208 v‫א‬
‫א‬
208 2
Vm = = 169.83  Volt
3
3 3Vm
Vo = (Cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(Cos30) = 121.633 Volt
2π
V
I o = o = 12.166 Amp.
R

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

“Three Phase Semi-converter”  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(2-10)‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ،“One quadrant”  
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3 3Vm
Vo = (1 + Cosα ) (2-5)
2π

(2-10)
‫א‬‫א‬

W (2-5) 
            ‫א‬  
،‫א‬‫א‬ 10Ω‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K208 v‫א‬‫א‬
30o
‫א‬
208 2
Vm = = 169.83  Volt
3
3 3Vm
Vo = (1 + Cosα ) = 140 ⋅ 449(1 + Cos30) = 262.08 Volt
2π
V
I o = o = 26.208 Amp.
R

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

“Three Phase Full Converter” ‫א‬‫א‬

(2-11)         ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “Two quadrant”

3 3Vm
Vo = Cosα (2-6)
π

(2-11)
‫א‬‫א‬

W (2-6) 
10Ω‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬   
 ‫א‬
‫א‬K208 v‫א‬
45o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
Ps‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 135o ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   K

‫א‬

- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬
E
208 2
Vm = = 169.83  Volt
3
3 3Vm
Vo = (Cosα ) = 280.898(Cos 45) = 198.625 Volt
π
Vo
Io = = 19.8625 Amp.
R
E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ps= PL =VoIo=3945.189 watt
E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 135o‫א‬ ‫א‬
(2-3)‫א‬

3 3Vm
Vo = (Cosα ) = 280.898(Cos135) = −198.625 Volt
π
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ps= VoIo= -3945.189 watt

“Three Phase Dual Converter”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(2-12)          ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  “Four quadrant”
K‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(2-12)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

DC Choppers ‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

Theory of Operation ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ (2-13)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Ton‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ()
‫א‬ Toff ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  (2-14)    ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،
W‫א‬‫א‬

Ton
Vo = Vs = kVs (2-7)
T


- ٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬


 ‫א‬ Vs
‫א‬ Ton
‫א‬ Toff
‫א‬‫א‬ T
‫א‬ Vo
‫א‬ k

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (2-7)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E2500 Hz 500 Hz‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 IGPT   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
K‫א‬KKKKKK GTOMOSFET

Vo
S
Io
Vs
Vs Vo R
Ton Toff

(2-14) (2-13)
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      
W‫א‬
(T) ‫א‬‫א‬(Ton)‫א‬ (PWM) ‫א‬

 (Ton) ‫א‬‫א‬(T) ‫א‬(FM)‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬    (SCR) ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬(PT)‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ، (MOSFET)  ‫א‬   W‫א‬ 
W‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
‫א‬ (MOSFET)‫א‬ •
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

”Step Down DC Chopper”  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬     (2-15)   K‫א‬   ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   (2-16)      
K‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(On)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Off)‫א‬‫א‬،(Q)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، (Q)
K‫א‬‫א‬(2-7)

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(2-14)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(2-16)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

”Step Up DC Chopper”  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  K‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬    (2-17)
(L)‫א‬‫א‬(On)‫א‬K‫א‬

- ٣٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬(Off)‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
∆I
vo = Vs (2-8)
1− k
W
‫א‬ Vs

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ∆I
‫א‬ k

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ vo

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  (2-8)‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(2-17)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

AC Voltage Controller  ‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،EF
‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،(2-18)
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،Q1, Q2
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
On-Off Control ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
       ‫א‬‫א‬    Q1, Q2   ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (2-19)
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Phase Control ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 Q1, Q2    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
K(2-20)‫א‬
(2-18)    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
K(2-21)‫א‬

(2-18)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(2-19)
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(2-20)
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬

(2-21)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

INVERTERS  ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ، 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (PWM) ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬        (Filter)   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ (UPS) ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬ (2-22)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ (D1, D2)‫א‬‫א‬ (Q1, Q2)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ Q1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Q1 Vs
‫א‬‫א‬Q2،(T/2)‫א‬‫א‬EVsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  (-Vs) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  Q2   ‫א‬
‫א‬  (2-23)    ‫א‬ ‫א‬      (T/2)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ D2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Q1EF ‫א‬
  D1   ‫א‬  ،Q2    ‫א‬    ‫א‬
KQ2 ‫א‬‫א‬


(2-22)
‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(2-23)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Single Phase Bridge Inverter ‫א‬

‫א‬E‫א‬KKKK‫א‬ F
‫א‬‫א‬Q1, Q2،(2-24)
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  EJ 2VsF ‫א‬   Q3, Q4    ،E2VsF ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ Q3, Q4  D1, D2K(2-25)
 ‫א‬ D3, D4،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
KQ1, Q2
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(2-24)
‫א‬

(2-25)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(2-24)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(2-26)

(2-26)
‫א‬

- ٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C 9
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
   ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬K

K
- ٤٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬K


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
10Ω‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K208 v‫א‬
15 Amp ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
Ps‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 135o  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K

K‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
           ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 10Ω‫א‬
K
45o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬208 v‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٥ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K١
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   K٢


6W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ (Power Converters) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   K‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Va − I a Ra
ω= (3-1)
Kv I f

W
(V)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Va

(Ω) ‫א‬ Ra

(A) ‫א‬ Ia

(A) ‫א‬ If

(V/A-rad./sec)‫א‬ Kv

(rad./sec)‫א‬ ω
‫א‬‫א‬  (3-1)‫א‬
W
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬     :‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKK‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬   :‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ :‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬

Pd, Va
Td

Ia

If

ω
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

(3-1)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ?Ia? ‫א‬ ‫" وﺗﻴﺎر‬Va" ‫א‬ ‫" وﺟﻬﺪ‬Pd" ‫" واﻟﻘﺪرة‬Td"‫א‬‫א‬ (3-1) 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K   ‫א‬    “ω” ‫א‬  “If” ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  "Va" ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

- ٤٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “If”‫א‬

Single Phase Drives ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬15 KW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫" أو‬a "‫א‬ ‫א‬ “Va”‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (3-2)K“αf”‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫" ﻋﻦ‬If"‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ﻣﻮﺣﺪ ﻣﺤﻜﻮم‬

(3-2)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
“Single Phase Half Converter Drives” ‫א‬
“Single Phase Semi-converter Drives”‫א‬
“Single Phase Full Converter Drives” ‫א‬
“ Single Phase Dual Converter Drives”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
Single Phase Half Converter Drives ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K0.5 KW‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (3-3)
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ “One quadrant” ‫א‬‫א‬K
    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬،(3-3)
Vm
Va = (1 + Cosα a ) (3-2)
2π
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vf =
Vm
(1 + Cosα ) (3-3)
π
f

(3-3)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،αa ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (3-4)Kαf‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(3-4)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Single Phase Semi-converter Drives
‫א‬     15 KW   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬    ،(3-5)    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vm
Va = (1 + Cosα a ) (3-4)
π
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vf =
Vm
(1 + Cosα ) (3-5)
π
f

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(αf)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(αa)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(3-6) 
K(one quadrant)‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(3-5)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(3-6)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

W(3-1)
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬ 
60 Hz  208 V‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  150 Ω  ‫א‬   0.1 Ω ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬K700 rpm  75 Nm.‫א‬ 1.1 V/A-rad/sec
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 1400 rpm ‫א‬   ‫א‬ K


‫א‬
Vs = 208 V n = 700 rpm Rf = 150 Ω Ra = 0.1 Ω
TL=75 N.m Kv = 1.1 V/A.rad./sec.
W‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Td = TL = 75 N.m
2πn
ω= = 73.3 rad/sec Vm = 208 2 =294.156 V
60
E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vf =
Vm
(1 + Cosα ) = 187.266 V
π
f

Vf
If = = 1.248 Amp.
Rf
Eb = Kv ω If = 100.62 V
Va = Eb + IaRa= 106.1 V
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(3-4)‫א‬
αa = 82.3o
W(αa = 0)‫א‬‫א‬E
Vm
Va = (1 + Cosα ) = 187.266V
π
a

Eb = Va –IaRa= 181.8 V

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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

Eb 181.8
ω= = =132.43 rad/sec
K v I f (1.1)(1.248)
60ω
n= = 1264.655 rpm
2π
‫א‬‫א‬ 1400 rpm ‫א‬E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬

2πn 2π (1400 )
ω= = = 146.6 rad/sec
60 60
Eb = Va –IaRa= 181.8 V
Eb 181.8
If = = = 1.127 Amp.
K v ω (1.1)(146.6)
Vf = If.Rf = 169.1 V

169.1=93.633(1+Cos αf)

αf = 36.3o

Td = KvIfIa = 67.6 N.m

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Single Phase Full ConverterDrives
           ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4)(3-7)
 ‫א‬ “Q2”،“Q1”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ “Q1, Q2”‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ “ α”‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   π ωt 
‫א‬ “ π+α”‫א‬  “Q3, Q4”‫א‬
K“2π+α” ‫א‬   “Q2” ،“Q1” ‫א‬         ،‫א‬ 
K(3-8) ‫א‬‫א‬،

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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬         ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 90o‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،90o
15 KW ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K“Two quadrant”‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
KE90o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

(3-7)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2Vm
Va = (Cosα a ) (3-4)
π
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vf =
2Vm
(Cosα ) (3-5)
π
f

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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(3-8)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫אא‬‫א‬

W(3-2)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 60 Hz  440 V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  200 Ω  ‫א‬   0.2 Ω ‫א‬  
‫א‬K60o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 50 Amp.‫א‬1.35 V/A-rad/sec
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K   
W‫א‬
- ٥٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬20%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ?? ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬


‫א‬
Vs = 440 V Ia = 50 Amp Rf = 200 Ω Ra = 0.2 Ω
αa=60o Kv = 1.35 V/A.rad./sec. αa=60o

W‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Td = TL Vm = 440 2 =622.25 V
E
(αf=0o)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2V m
Vf = (Cosα ) = 396.14 V
π
f

Vf
If = = 1.98 Amp.
Rf
Td = Kv If. Ia = 133.65 Nm.

Eb = Va –IaRa= 188.7 V
E 188.7
ω= b = =70.36 rad/sec
K v I f (1.35)(1.98)
60ω
n= = 671.88 rpm
2π
W‫א‬‫א‬20%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
Td =0.8(133.65) = 106.92 Nm.
Ia =0.8(50) = 40 Amp

Eb = Va –IaRa= 198.07-40(0.2) = 190.7 V

Eb 190.07
ω= = =71.1 rad/sec
K v I f (1.35)(1.98)

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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

60ω
n= = 679 rpm
2π
K180o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
αf = 180o

Eb = -190.07 V

Va = Eb + IaRa= -190.07+ 40(0.2)= -182.07 V

2Vm
- 182.07 = Va = (Cosα a ) = 396.14(Cosα a )
π
αa = 117.36o
‫א‬‫א‬
Ps = Pa = VaIa = 72828 Watt

Single Phase Dual Converter Drives ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬   K‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(3-9)‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،(Four quadrant) ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ia1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Va1‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F 90o
F Ia2‫א‬‫א‬EVa1F Va2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،EIa1
 K90o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪ‬
‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬

(3-9)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2V m
V a1 = (Cosα ) (3-6)
π
a1

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2V m
Va 2 = (Cosα ) (3-7)
π
a2

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2Vm
Vf = (Cosα ) (3-8)
π
f

Three Phase Drives :‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W ‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Three Phase Half-Wave Converter Drives
‫א‬‫א‬ [ Q1,Q2,Q3[‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(3-10)    ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬   
‫א‬ ‫א‬  40KW   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
[Two QuadrantY‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬

3 3Vm
Va = Cosα a (3-9)
2π

‫א‬
3 3Vm
Vf = (1 + Cosα f ) (3-10)
2π

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(3-11)

(3-10)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٦٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬


(3-11)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫אא‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Three Phase Semi-converter Drives
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (3-12)‫א‬ ‫א‬
        ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 115 KW ‫א‬ ‫א‬  “One quadrant”
‫א‬
3 3Vm
Vo = (1 + Cosα a ) (3-11)
2π
‫א‬
3 3Vm
Vf = (1 + Cosα f ) (3-12)
2π
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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(3-12)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(3-3)
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 60 Hz 208V
0.2 Ω‫א‬ 1 Amp‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 120 Nm.‫א‬ 1.2 V/A-rad/sec‫א‬ 250 Ω ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K30o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬20%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K


‫א‬

Vs = 208 V If = 1 Amp Rf = 250 Ω Ra = 0.2 Ω

αa=30o Kv = 1.2 V/A.rad./sec. αa=60o TL= 120 Nm.
W‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2
Td = TL =120 Nm Vm = 208 = 169.83 V
3

- ٦٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

E
(αf=0o)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

V f = I f R f = 250 V
3 3Vm
250= V f = (1 + Cosα f ) = 140.45(1+Cos αf)
2π
αf = 38.74o
3 3Vm
Vo = (1 + Cosα a ) =140.45(1+Cos αa) = 262.08 V
2π
Td 120
Ia = = =100 Amp
K v I f (1.2)(1.0)
Eb = Va –IaRa= 242.08 V
E 242.08
ω= b = = 201.73 rad/sec
K v I f (1.2)(1.0)
60ω
n= = 1926.38 rpm
2π
W‫א‬‫א‬20%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
Td =1.2(120) = 144 Nm.

Ia =1.2(100) = 120 Amp

Eb = Va –IaRa= 262.08-120(0.2) = 238 V

E 238.08
ω= b = =198.4 rad/sec
K v I f (1.2)(1.0)
60ω
n= = 1894.58 rpm
2π
K‫א‬Eb‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
Eb = 242.08 V

242.08 = Va - IaRa= Va –120(.2)

3 3V m
Va = 266.08 = (1 + Cosα a ) =140.45(1+Cos αa)
2π
αa = 26.6o

- ٦٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Three Phase Full Converter Drives
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  (3-13)
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   “Two quadrant”     ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E90o‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F

3 3Vm
Vo = (Cosα a ) (3-13)
π
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3 3Vm
Vf = (Cosα f ) (3-14)
π

(3-13)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W(3-4)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
208 V    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  180 Ω  ‫א‬   0.25 Ω ‫א‬    60 Hz  
‫א‬ ‫א‬K900 rpm  115 Nm.‫א‬ 1.2 V/A-rad/sec

- ٦٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 20o‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

1800 rpmαf‫א‬ K

‫א‬

Vs = 208 V n = 900 rpm Rf = 180 Ω Ra = 0.25 Ω

TL=115 N.m Kv = 1.2 V/A.rad./sec. αf = 20o

W‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Td = TL = 115 N.m
2πn 2
ω= = 94.25 rad/sec Vm = 208 = 169.83 V
60 3
E
3 3V m
Vf = Cosα f = 280.897 (Cos 20) = 263.956 V
2π
Vf
If = = 1.466 Amp.
Rf
Eb = Kv ω If = 165.85 V

Va = Eb + IaRa= 182.19 V
3 3V m
182.19 = V a = Cosα a =280.897 (Cos αa)
2π
αa = 49.56o
W(αa = 0)‫א‬‫א‬E
3 3V m
Va = Cosα a = 280.897 V
2π
Eb = Va –IaRa= 264.55 V
E 264.55
ω= b = =150.38 rad/sec
K v I f (1.2)(1.466)
60ω
n= = 1436.06 rpm
2π
- ٦٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1800 rpm ‫א‬E

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬

2πn 2π (1800 )
ω= = = 188.496 rad/sec
60 60
Eb = Va –IaRa= 264.5 V
Eb 264.5
If = = = 1.169 Amp.
K v ω (1.2)(188.496)
Vf = If.Rf = 210.42 V

210.42=280.897(Cos αf)

αf = 41.49o

Td = KvIfIa = 91.7 N.m

Three Phase Dual Converter Drives ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  (3-9)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3 3Vm
Va1 = (Cosα a1 ) (3-15)
π
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3 3Vm
Va 2 = (Cosα a 2 ) (3-16)
π
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
3 3Vm
Vf = (Cosα f ) (3-17)
π

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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬       K
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C 9
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬ 
60 Hz  208 V‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1.1 V/A- ‫א‬  150 Ω  ‫א‬  0.1 Ω ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K700 rpm  75 Nm.‫א‬ rad/sec
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K


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 ‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 1400 rpm  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ K

K

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
60 Hz 440 V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1.35 V/A-rad/sec‫א‬200 Ω ‫א‬0.2 Ω‫א‬
‫א‬K60o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 50 Amp.‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬20%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 60 Hz 208V
0.2 Ω‫א‬ 1 Amp‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 120 Nm.‫א‬ 1.2 V/A-rad/sec‫א‬ 250 Ω ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 30o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬20%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K


- ٦٨ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

- ٤٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤

4W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٦٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
DC Chopper Drives

‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬       ‫א‬         ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،EF
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬ KKKK‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬

(4-1) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ،(4-1)    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ Ton‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬ Toff ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(2-13)‫א‬‫א‬
Ton
Vo = Vs = kVs (4-1)
T

- ٧٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ Vs

‫א‬ Ton

‫א‬ Toff

‫א‬‫א‬ T

‫א‬ Vo

‫א‬ k

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (4-1)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬IGPT, MOSFET, GTO،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
W
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
   ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  (4-2)K ‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(4-3)‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬    ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   (4-4)    K ‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(4-1)‫א‬
I s = k Ia (4-2)
W(Pa) ‫א‬(Ps) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Ps = Pa = VsIs = VaIa = kVsIa (4-3)

‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬

(4-2) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

(4-3) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٧٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(4-4)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W(4-1) 
600 V‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  0.06 Ω ‫א‬   0.04 Ω ‫א‬   0.6   
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K200 N.m. ‫א‬  0.031V/A-rad/sec 
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  1000 rpm. ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
Vs = 600 V k= 0.6 Rf = 0.06 Ω Ra = 0.04 Ω
TL=200 N.m Kv = 0.031 V/A.rad./sec.
W‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Td = TL = 75 N.m
E
(4-4)‫א‬(4-3)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
‫א‬
Va= kVs = 0.6(600) =360 V
Te
Te = KvIa2 = =80.322 Amp
I f = Ia =
Kv
Eb = Va –Ia(Ra+Rf) = 360 –80.322(0.1)= 351.968 V
E
ω = b =141.245 rad/sec.
Kv I f
60ω
n= =1348.79 rpm
2π
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ps= kVsIa = 0.6(600)(80.322) =28.916 KW
E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2πn
ω= = 104.72 rad/sec
60
Eb = KvIfω = 260.75 V

Va= Eb + IaRa = 268.78 V

Va
k= = 0.448
Vs

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

Regenerative Braking ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  (4-5)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫" ﻓﺈن‬Q"‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “D”‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(4-5) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    (4-6) 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬    
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
(4-4)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Va=Vch=(1-k)Vs (4-4)

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Is = (1- k) Ia (4-5)
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ps = Pg = VsIs = VaIa =(1 - k)VsIa (4-6)

(4-6)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Eb= Eg = Va + IaRa=(1-k)Vs+Ia(Ra+Rf) (4-7)

K‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

0 ≤ E g − I a ( Ra + R f ) ≤ Vs
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(ωmin)‫א‬‫א‬
Eg – Ia(Ra+Rf)=0
KvIf ωmin - Ia(Ra+Rf)=0

I a ( Ra + R f )
ω min = (4-8)
Kv I f
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
( Ra + R f )
ω min = (4-9)
Kv

(ωmax)‫א‬‫א‬
Eg – Ia(Ra+Rf)=Vs
KvIf ωmax - Ia(Ra+Rf)= Vs
Vs + I a ( Ra + R f )
ω min = (4-10)
Kv I f

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(ωmax)‫א‬‫א‬(ωmin)
W(4-2) 
،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬    
 0.03 Ω‫א‬ 0.6‫א‬ 600 V‫א‬
  K250 A. ‫א‬   0.016V/A-rad/sec   ‫א‬  0.05 Ω ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
Vs = 600 V k= 0.6 Rf = 0.05 Ω Ra = 0.03 Ω
Ia=250 Amp Kv = 0.016 V/A.rad./sec.
E
(4-6)‫א‬(4-5)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Va=(1-k)Vs = 0.4(600) =240 V
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Ps = Pg = VsIs = VaIa =(1 - k)VsIa = 48 KW
‫א‬
Eg = Va + Ia(Ra+Rf) = 256 V
Eg
ω= =80 rad/sec.
Kv I f
60ω
n= =763.94 rpm
2π
E
ω min ‫א‬‫א‬
( Ra + R f )
ω min = = 5 rad/sec
Kv
60ω
nmin = =47.746 rpm
2π
ωmax‫א‬‫א‬
V s + I a ( Ra + R f )
ω min = =192.5 rad/sec
Kv I f
60ω
n max = =1838.24 rpm
2π

- ٧٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

Dynamic BrakingE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
E F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (4-7)  K‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬

(4-7) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

      ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   (4-8)  
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   (4-11) ‫א‬   (Ib) ‫א‬
(4-12)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Ib = (1- k) Ia (4-11)

Vb=Vch=RbIa(1-k) (4-12)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pb = VbIb = (1 - k)2 Ia2 Rb (4-13)

- ٧٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(4-8)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W(4-3) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 0.03 Ω‫א‬ 0.02 Ω‫א‬ 0.5‫א‬
6 Ω‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K120 A‫א‬ 0.016V/A-rad/sec 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
k= 0.5 Rf = 0.03 Ω Ra = 0.02 Ω

Ia=120 Amp Kv = 0.016 V/A.rad./sec. Rb = 6 Ω

E
(4-8)‫א‬(4-7)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Vb=Vch=RbIa(1-k)= 6(120)(1-0.5)=360 V
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pb = VbIb = (1 - k)2 Ia2 Rb = 21.6 KW
E
‫א‬
Vb)max=Vch)max=RbIa= 6(120)=720 V
‫א‬

Eg = Va + Ia(Ra+Rf) = 366 V
Eg
ω= =190.625 rad/sec.
Kv I f
60ω
n= =1820.33 rpm
2π

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Combined Dynamic and Regenerative Braking
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  “Q1”‫א‬ (4-9)
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،“D”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
- ٨١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ “Q2”‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 “Q2”‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ “Rb”
K“Q1”‫א‬

(4-9) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K(4-10)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(4-10) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 Q1،Q1, D1‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 OFF   Q1   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ON   
،Q2, D2‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ D1‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ON   Q2
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ OFF Q2‫א‬
D2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ،EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EF
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،E F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (4-11)KEF‫א‬
K‫א‬

(4-11) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
  ON   Q1, Q2   ،OFF   Q3, Q4  , Q2١Q ‫א‬‫א‬ 
،OFF‫א‬ Q1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬FD4Q2‫א‬‫א‬ONQ2 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬W
D2,Q4‫א‬،ON Q4 OFFQ1, Q2,Q3
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،OFF   Q4  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ D1, D2

‫א‬‫א‬
  ON   Q3, Q4  ،OFF   Q1, Q2  , Q4٣Q ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
Q4‫א‬‫א‬ONQ4 OFF‫א‬Q3
E‫א‬‫א‬FD2

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
D4Q2‫א‬ON Q2  OFFQ1, Q3,Q4
D4, ‫א‬ ‫א‬ OFF Q2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬D3
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬K

K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬K

K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
600 V‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  0.05 Ω ‫א‬   0.03 Ω ‫א‬   0.6   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K70 A‫א‬0.031V/A-rad/sec 
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  20%‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 “DC chopper”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
0.05 ‫א‬0.03 Ω‫א‬660 V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K0.035V/A-rad/sec ‫א‬ Ω

W‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬547 Nm
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬0.03 Ω‫א‬0.02 Ω‫א‬،660 V‫א‬
  ،250 A. ‫א‬  250 V ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  0.016V/A-rad/sec
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K


W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬           
  0.03 Ω ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K5 Ω   “DC chopper”
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬14mV/A.rad/sec.‫א‬0.05 Ω‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬   
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 60%‫א‬  350A
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

‫א‬ K


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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

6W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ،E‫א‬ ‫א‬F     ‫א‬   
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ (5-1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬

R2'
Pg 3I 2'2 ⋅
s = 3V12 ⋅ R2'
Td = =
ωs ωs  R' 
2 (5-1)
(
sω s  R1 + 2  X 1 + X 2'
s 
)
2


W
(A) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ I2'

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(Ω)‫א‬‫א‬ R1

(Ω)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ R2'

(Ω)‫א‬‫א‬ X1

(Ω)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ X2'

(rad./sec)‫א‬ ω
(rad./sec)‫א‬‫א‬ ωs
‫א‬ s

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ V1

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
        W‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    •
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   (5-1)‫א‬ 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(Stator Voltage Control) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫ א‬   (5-1) ‫א‬  
‫א‬(5-1)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ (V1)‫א‬‫א‬ (n1)‫א‬ 
‫א‬(n3)‫א‬(n2)‫א‬،(V2)‫א‬‫א‬(n2)

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ (V3)‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(5-1) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(Frequency Control) ‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (5-2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
(f)‫א‬(V)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫(א‬Φ)
V
Φ∝ (5-2)
f

   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    (5-2) ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(5-2)‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(n1)‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ (n2)‫א‬  (f1)‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ (f3)  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ (n3) ‫א‬    (n2) ‫א‬ ،(f2)
‫א‬ ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Field-weakening mode)‫א‬

(5-2) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(Voltage and Frequency Control) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(5-3)‫א‬

 (5-3) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬ ،E‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬
K(Constant Flux Operation)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Control of Induction Motor by AC Voltage Controller

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
E F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(5-4)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬      (5-4)  
‫א‬   K‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬    
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ (Forward Motoring) ‫א‬(5-4)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Reverse Plugging)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  (5-5)   ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  (A, B, C)‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ (A', B, C')‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
KEF‫א‬EF

(5-5)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Control of Induction Motor by Inverters

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
- ٩٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  (Three-phase Voltage Source Inverter)
‫א‬‫א‬ (5-6)،(PWM Inverter)
180o180o‫א‬‫א‬
 (Six Step Inverter)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (5-7)
K(PWM Inverter)‫א‬

(5-6)
‫א‬

(5-7)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،(5-8-a)
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬      ،(5-8-b)  
K(5-8-c)
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K(5-9)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(a)

(b)

(c)

(5-8)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(a)

(b)

(5-9)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Slip Power)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Static Rotor Resistance Control )‫א‬‫• א‬
(Slip Power Recovery Control)‫א‬‫• א‬

- ٩٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(Static Rotor Resistance Control ) ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Rex)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (5-10-a)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  (5-10-b)  K(5-1) ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ (Rex)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬    ،‫א‬
K‫א‬

(a)


(b)
(5-10)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬     (R) ‫א‬  (Rex) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
(Re)  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  (k) ‫א‬    (5-11)   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(R)‫א‬
K(5-3)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Re=R(1-k) (5-3)

- ٩٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

(Slip Power Recovery Control)‫א‬‫א‬

(5-11)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K(5-12)‫א‬
 (Vd)‫א‬‫א‬ 90o‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

(5-11)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(5-12)
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C 9
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
            
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫ א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K


- ٩٩ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٨٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

4W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٠٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Commutator)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬          
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ E‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
(6-1)
4πf
ω = ωs = (6-1)
P

W
(rad./sec)‫א‬ ω
(rad./sec)‫א‬‫א‬ ωs
‫א‬ f

‫א‬ P

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ،      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ (constant V/f)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،(ωb)‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،(ωb)
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (6-1)
   (ωb) ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (constant V/f)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(6-1) 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Independent Oscillator)
ωs‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ωs1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ωs2ωs
K‫א‬
      ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ (6-2) K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬         ‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(6-2) 
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (6-3)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬F ‫א‬  ‫א‬  (ωref) ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ E‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(6-2) 
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K

   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K

K‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K


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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

• Electric Motor and Drives: Fundamentals, Types and Applications, Austin Hughes,
Heinemann Newnes, 1990

• Power Semiconductor Controlled Drives, Gopal K. Dubey Prentice Hall, 1989 ISBN:0-13-
686890-8

• Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and applications, M. H. Rashid, Prentice Hall,

1994 ISBN:81-203-0869-7

• Power Electronics and Motor Control, W. Shepherd, L. M. Hulley, and D. T. W.

Liang, Cambridge, 1995

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 ‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬

٢ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٢ ‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬•
٥ ‫א‬‫א‬•
٧ ‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
٨ ‫א‬‫א‬‫•א‬
١٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫•א‬
١٥  ♦

١٨ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١٨ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
١٩ ‫א‬‫•א‬
٢١ ‫א‬‫•א‬
٢٣ ‫א‬‫•א‬
٢٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫•א‬
٢٧ ‫א‬‫•א‬
٢٩ ‫א‬‫•א‬
٣٠ ‫א‬‫•א‬
٣١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫•א‬
٣٢ ‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
٣٢ ‫א‬‫א‬•
٣٤ ‫א‬‫•א‬
٣٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫•א‬
 ‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

٣٨ ‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
٤٠ ‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
٤١ ‫א‬•
٤٢ ‫א‬•
٤٤  ♦

٤٧ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٤٩ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
٥٠ ‫א‬‫•א‬
٥١ ‫א‬‫• א‬
٥٤ ‫א‬‫• א‬
٥٨ ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
٥٩ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
٦٠ ‫א‬‫•א‬
٦١ ‫א‬‫• א‬
٦٤ ‫א‬‫• א‬
٦٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
٦٧  ♦
٧٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٧١ ‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
٧٥ ‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
٧٩ ‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
٨١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
٨٥  ♦
٨٨ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٨٩ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
 ‫א‬ ٢٤٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

٨٩ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
٩٠ ‫א‬‫•א‬
٩١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫•א‬
٩٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
٩٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
٩٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
٩٧ ‫א‬‫•א‬
٩٨ ‫א‬‫•א‬
٩٩  ♦

١٠١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١٠١ ‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
١٠٣ ‫א‬‫•א‬
١٠٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫•א‬
١٠٤ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ♦
١٠٦  ♦
 ١٠٧  ‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS