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TLE – ICT – CSS

Quarter 1 – Module 3:
Performing Computer Operations
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master how to input data into computer. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Computer Application Software
• Lesson 2 – Work Ergonomics

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. explain the function of application software;
2. enter and save data into the computer using appropriate application
software;
3. appreciate the importance of choosing the right application software for
a specific purpose;
4. explain ergonomics;
5. list down work ergonomic guidelines; and
6. observe work ergonomic guidelines.

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 What I Know

Direction: Identify the following computer application software. Write your

answers on your notebook.

1. ______is a software application used to locate and display Web pages.

2. ______ is a program or collection of programs that enable a person to

manipulate visual images on a computer.

3. A program that controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval

of data in a database.

4. _______ is a software program that helps create a slideshow that addresses a

topic.

5. _______ is a data file made up of rows and columns that are used to sort data
and allow a user to manipulate and arrange data easily, commonly numerical
data.

6. Used to produce high-quality printed documents such as magazine, greeting

card, posters, etc.

7. _______ is a software program capable of creating, storing, and printing

documents.

8. MS PowerPoint is an example of __________.

9. Google Chrome is an example of __________.

10. MS Word is an example of ___________.

Note: If you get 100% correct in this pre- assessment, skip the lesson but if
not and only get 50% to 99% correct, then proceed with the lesson.

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 Lesson
Computer Application
1 Software

What’s In

What are the basic set of devices found in most Personal Computers?
What is an input device? Give examples.

What is an output device? Give examples.

What’s New

Direction: Read each item carefully and use your notebook to write your answers.
Name 3 icons that you are familiar with and give a brief description of the icon that
you have chosen.

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 What is It

Application Software is a program or group of programs designed for end

users. Allows end users to accomplish one or more specific (non-computer related)
tasks.

Examples of Computer Application Software:

Word processor
Spreadsheet
Presentation Software
Database Management System
Desktop Publisher
Graphic Editor
Web Browser

Word Processor

Word processor is a software program capable of creating, storing, and

printing documents. Unlike the standard typewriter, users using word processors
have the ability of creating a document and making any changes anywhere in the
document. This document can also be saved for modification at a later time or to be
opened on any other computer using the same word processor.

Some of Word Processor Features:

▪ Insert text
▪ Delete text
▪ Cut and paste
▪ Copy
▪ Page size and margins
▪ Search and replace
▪ Print

Word Processor Examples are Microsoft Word, WordPro, AppleWorks and etc.

Spreadsheet
Spreadsheet is a data file made up of rows and columns that are used to sort data
and allow a user to manipulate and arrange data easily, commonly numerical data.
What makes a spreadsheet software program most unique is its ability to calculate
values using mathematical formulas and the data in the cells.

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 Some of Spreadsheet Features:

⚫ Formulas
⚫ Functions
⚫ Charts
⚫ Cut/Copy/Paste with single cells or ranges of cells
⚫ Cells formatting
⚫ Cells merging

Spreadsheet Examples are Microsoft Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, Apple Numbers,

OpenOffice Calc.

Presentation Software

A presentation program is a software program that helps create a slideshow

that addresses a topic. Presentation programs are often used in businesses and
schools for discussing a topic or for teaching. It typically includes three major
functions: – an editor that allows text to be inserted and formatted – a method for
inserting and manipulating graphic images – a slide-show system to display the
content.

Some of Presentation Software Features:

• Insert Slide
• Deletion of Inserted slides
• Allows cut and paste slides in any order.
• Allows duplication content or slide
• Allows you to display the presentation designed in a slide show system. (View
Slide Feature)
• Allows animations and/or sounds manipulations on objects in the slide.

Presentation Software Example are Microsoft PowerPoint, Adobe Persuasion,

Hypercard, OpenOffice Impress and Scala Multimedia

Database Management System (DBMS) Software

A program that controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval

of data in a database. Users can create tables, queries, forms and reports.
Database Management System (DBMS) Software examples are Microsoft Access,
Oracle Database, MySQL and FoxPro

Desktop Publishing Software

Used to produce high-quality printed documents such as magazine, greeting
card, posters, etc. Allows you to use different typefaces, specify various margins and
justifications, and embed illustrations and graphs directly into the text.
Desktop Publishing Software examples are Adobe InDesign , QuarkXPress and
MS Publisher.

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Web Browser

Web browser is a software application used to locate and display Web pages.
Example: – Internet Explorer (IE), Mozilla Firefox, Opera and Google Chrome.

Graphic Software
Graphics software or image editing software is a program or collection of
programs that enable a person to manipulate visual images on a computer.
Computer graphics can be classified into two distinct categories: raster graphics and
vector graphics

Raster Graphic Editor

A raster graphics editor is a computer program that allows users to paint and
edit pictures interactively on the computer screen and save them in one of many
popular “bitmap” or “raster” formats
Common features:

• Select a region for editing

• Draw lines with brushes of different color, size, shape and pressure
• Add typed letters in different font styles
• Apply various filters for effects
• Convert between various image formats.

Save and Save As

To save file your file, follow the following procedures:

1. In the File Tab, hover over and click Save As (saving for the first time and saving
to another file name or another copy), click browse for you to access the Save As
dialog box and it will appear.

2. In the save as dialog box, you need to have the following information: File name
–is a name used to uniquely identify a computer file stored in a file system.

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 File Location or Path

File File name

File name
Extension

Extension or File name Extension -is the ending of a file that helps identify the
type of file in operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows. In Microsoft Windows,
the file name extension is a period that is often followed by three characters but may
also be one, two, or four characters long. Some of the more common file extensions
are listed below, separated by the types of files the associated file extensions.

Picture Music and Operating Text and Spreadsheet Web Page

files sound files system files word files files
processing
➢ .bmp ➢ .mp3 ➢ .dll ➢ .xls ➢ .htm
documents
➢ .gif ➢ .wav ➢ .exe ➢ .xlsx ➢ .html
➢ .jpg ➢ .doc ➢ .xlr
➢ .docx ➢ .csv
➢ .rtf
➢ .txt

File Location or Path - defines the location of a file or folder in a computer's file
system. Paths are also called "directory paths" because they often include one or
more directories that describe the path to the file or folder.

3. After filling in the filename, choosing the file extension and the location, then
click save.

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Note:

Use Save to update the lastly preserved file with the latest content
Use Save As to store a new file or to store an existing file to a new location with the
same name or a different name.

What is a Storage Device?

A storage device is any hardware capable of holding information either

temporarily or permanently.

There are two types of storage devices used with computers:

1. a primary storage device, such as RAM, and a secondary storage device, such as
a hard drive.

2. Secondary storage can be removable, internal, or external.

(www.computerhope.com 2017)
A primary storage device is a medium that holds memory for short periods of
time while a computer is running. Although it has a much lower access time and
faster performance, it is also about two orders of magnitude more costly
than secondary storage

RAM (random access memory) and cache are both examples of a primary
storage device. The image shows three different types of storage for computer data.
Primary storage's key differences from the others are that it is directly accessible by
the CPU, it is volatile, and it is non-removable.

A secondary storage device is a non-volatile device that holds data until it is

deleted or overwritten. Secondary storage is about two orders of magnitude cheaper
than primary storage. Consequently, a hard drive or an additional, slower SSD may
use as secondary storage to a primary, faster, PCIe SSD.
Off-line storage is a subset of secondary storage, as they both serve the same
purpose and do not interact directly with the CPU.

Examples of secondary storage:

Hard Disk Drive

A hard disk drive (sometimes abbreviated

as a hard drive, HD, or HDD) is a non-volatile
data storage device. It is usually installed internally
in a computer, attached directly to the disk controller
of the computer's motherboard. It contains one or more platters, housed inside of an
air-sealed casing. Data is written to the platters using a magnetic head, which moves
rapidly over them as they spin. Internal hard disks reside in a drive bay, connected
to the motherboard using an ATA, SCSI, or SATA cable. They are powered by a
connection to the computer's PSU (power supply unit). Examples of data that may
be stored on a computer's hard drive include the operating system,
installed software, and the user's personal files

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Solid-State Drive

Short for solid-state drive, an SSD is a storage

medium that uses non-volatile memory as a means of
holding and accessing data. Unlike a hard drive, an SSD
has no moving parts which gives it advantages such as
faster access time, noiseless operation, higher reliability,
and lower power consumption. The picture shows an
example of an SSD made by Crucial.

As the costs have come down, SSDs have become suitable replacements for a
standard hard drive in both desktop and laptop computers. SSDs are also a great
solution for netbooks, nettops, and other applications that don't require a lot of
storage.

USB Thumb Drive

Alternatively referred to as a USB flash

drive, data stick, pen drive, memory unit, keychain
drive, and thumb drive, a jump drive is a
portable storage device. It is often the size of a human
thumb (hence the name) and connects to a computer via
a USB port. Flash drives are an easy way to store
and transfer information between computers and range
in sizes from 2 GB to 1 TB.

Unlike a standard hard drive, the flash drive has no movable parts; it contains
only an integrated circuit memory chip that is used to store data. Flash drives usually
have plastic or aluminum casings surrounding the memory chip. The picture shows
a SanDisk Cruzer Micro 16 GB flash drive.

SD Card
Short for Secure Digital card, the SD card is one of the more common types of
memory cards used with electronics. The SD technology is used by over 400 brands
of electronic equipment and over 8000 different models, including digital
cameras and cell phones. It is considered the industry standard due to the wide use.

Types of SD cards
The three versions of the SD card, along
with their physical dimensions, are shown below.

SD - 32mm x 24mm x 2.1mm.

MiniSD - 21.5mm x 20mm x 1.4mm.

MicroSD - 15mm x 11mm x 1.0mm

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CD

Abbreviated as CD, a compact disc is a flat,

round, optical storage medium invented by James
Russell. The first CD was created at a Philips factory in
Germany on August 17, 1982. The picture is an example
of the bottom of a standard compact disc and is the side
the disc player reads. The opposite side of the disc has a
label to help indicate what is on the disc

DVD
Short for digital versatile disc or digital video disc,
a DVD or DVD-ROM is a disc capable of storing a
significant amount more data than a standard compact
disc. DVDs are widely used for storing and viewing movies
and ot her data. The picture of the Matrix DVD movie disc
is an example of a DVD movie. DVD-ROM drives that
utilize these discs were first sold in 1997.

Floppy Diskette

Alternatively referred to as a floppy or floppy disk,

a floppy diskette is a type of storage media, capable of
storing electronic data, like a computer file. The floppy
diskette was first created in 1967 by IBM as an alternative
to buying hard drives, which were extremely expensive at
the time.

Tape Drive

A tape is a magnetically thin coated piece of plastic

wrapped around wheels capable of storing data. Tape is
less expensive than other storage mediums, but it is a
much slower solution because it is sequential access and
is often used for backing up large amounts of data.

Today, tape has mostly been abandoned for faster and more reliable solutions
like disc drives, hard drives, and flash drives that are all direct access and cloud
storage. The image is an example of magnetic tape taken by KENPEI and shared
under the creative commons.

Which storage devices are used today?

Most of the storage devices mentioned above are no longer used with today's
computers. Most computers today primarily use an SSD to store information, as well
as the ability to use USB flash drives and access to cloud storage. Most desktop
computers and some laptops include a disc drive that is capable of reading and
writing CDs and DVDs.

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What storage device has the largest capacity?

For most computers, the largest storage device is the hard drive or SSD.
However, networked computers may also have access to larger storage with
large tape drives, cloud computing, or NAS devices.

What’s More

Activity 1

Direction: Below are jumbled letters. Each group of jumbled letters is referring to
one application software. Rearrange the letters to form the correct word. Write your
answers on your intermediate paper 1/2 crosswise.

1. WDOR CESPROSOR
2. SHEETSPREAD
3. TATIONPRESEN
4. BASEDATA
5. CATIONAPPLI
6. SHERPUBLI
7. BRSEROW
8. PHICSGRA
9. WARESOFT
10. MS RDWO

What I Have Learned

What are the examples of application program/software?

What is the importance of application program/software?

How to save your work?

What are the different storage devices?

What should you consider first when buying a storage device?

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 What I Can Do

Direction: Using the concept web, answer the following on your notebook.

COMPUTER
APPLICATION
SOFTWARE

MEANING

COMPUTER EXAMPLES
TYPES OF OF
APPLICATION APPLICATION
APPLICATION
SOFTWARE SOFTWARE SOFTWARE

USES OF
APPLICATION
SOFTWARE

Assessment

Direction: Answer the K-W-L chart. Write your answer on your notebook.

K W L
What do you think What do you WANT to What did you LEARN
you KNOW about know about computer about computer
computer application software? application software?
application/software?

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 Additional Activities

Instruction: Follow the directions carefully. (The teacher may modify this activity
to cater the needs of the students)

Situation:

Your teacher in ICT ask you to give him the attendance for this week in a
tabular form of your classmates in soft copy. How will you do it?

A. Open MS Word. To open, follow the procedures:

1. In ta start button, look for MS Word, hover over and click. Once the MS Word is
open a new blank document appears.

2. In the INSERT tab, click tables and choose 6x10. (As shown in the illustration
below)

NAMES MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY

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3. Enter the name of your classmates in the NAMES column and write present or
absent on the day’s column.

4. Save your work as:

filename: name_activity 1
file extension: .docx

file location: drive D

You will be graded base on the rubrics below:

Area 10 8 6
Workmanship able to encode 10 able to encode 5- able to encode at
members with 8 members with least 4 with
correct spelling correct spelling correct spelling
and in a tabular and in a tabular and in a tabular
form form form
Accuracy able to follow all follow the follow the
the instructions instructions but instructions but
with 2 mistakes with 5 or more
mistakes
Speed/Time able to submit able to submit able to submit
within the given but with 15-30 but with 1 hour
time minutes late late submit or
the next day

Note: for the SPEED in the rubrics for a face to face situation, students will be given
15 minutes, for a blended instruction (like if they are going to do it at home) they are
given 1 day to submit their work. (It is in the restriction of the teacher as to what
platform will the teacher use in the submission of outputs.)

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 15
What I Know
What I Have Learned
1. Web Browser
Answers may vary 2. Graphics Software
3. Database Management System
Software
What I Can Do 4. Presentation Software
5. Spreadsheet
Answers may vary 6. Desktop Publishing Software
7. Word Processor
8. Presentation Software
9. Web Browser
Assessment 10. Word Processor
What’s In
Answers may vary
Answers may vary
What’s New
Additional Activities
Answers may vary
What’s More
1. Word Processor
2. Spreadsheet
3. Presentation
4. Database
5. Application
6. Publisher
7. Browser
8. Graphics
9. Software
10. MS Word
Answer Key
 Lesson

2 Work Ergonomics

What I Know

Direction: Read each statement below carefully. Place T on the line, if you think a
statement is TRUE. Place F, if you think the statement is FALSE.

_____ 1. Your knees should be bent at a comfortable angle and greater than 90
degrees flexion when sitting in front of a computer.
_____ 2. A well-designed mouse should not cause undue pressure on the waist and
forehead muscles.
_____ 3. Set the eye to screen at a distance that permits you to most easily focus on
the screen.
_____ 4. Changing posture at frequent intervals maximizes fatigue when using a
computer.
_____ 5. Place the keyboard in a position that allows the forearms to be close to the
horizontal and the wrists to be straight.
_____ 6. It is recommended that operators avoid spending more than five hours a day
on keyboard duties and no longer than 50 minutes per hour without a
postural/stretching break.
_____ 7. To detect whether there are reflections from the desk surface, the worker
should hold the book below the surface and assess the change in reflected
glare from the screen.
_____ 8. 10,000 - 12,000 keystrokes per hour is considered an acceptable standard
in typing.
_____ 9. Good posture is essential for all users of computers.
_____ 10. The solution is to increase the refresh rate of the monitor to at least 75hz.

What’s In

What is an application software?

What is/are the importance of application software?

How to save a document?

How to print a document?

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 What’s New

Answer the following. Write your answer on your notebook.

What is ergonomics?

ERGONOMICS

What are some What are some What are some

examples of examples of examples of
ergonomics? ergonomics? ergonomics?

What is It

Computer Workstation Ergonomics

There are various health problems associated with the regular use of
computers, such as stress, eyestrain, and injuries to the wrists, neck, and back.

Employers must take steps to protect employees whose work involves the
regular use of computers.

Computer ergonomics is the discipline of matching the task to the worker

using the most appropriate equipment to optimize human well-being and overall
performance.

This can be simplified to ―Modify the workplace, not the individual".

Consideration should be given to:

• The accessories required to operate properly
• The layout of equipment on the desk
• The location of furniture in the room

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Work Surface Height

Adjust the height of the work surface

and/or the height of the chair so that the
work surface allows your elbows to be bent
at 90 degrees, forearms parallel with the
floor, wrist straight, shoulders relaxed.

Chair

Adjust the seat tilt so that you are

comfortable when you are working on the
keyboard. Usually, this will be close to
horizontal but some people prefer the seat
tilted slightly forwards. Your knees should be
bent at a comfortable angle and greater
than 90 degrees’ flexion. If this places an
uncomfortable strain on the leg muscles or if the feet do not reach the floor,
then a footrest should be used. The footrest height must allow your knees to
be bent at 90 degrees. Therefore, the height of the footrest may need to be
adjustable. Adjust the backrest so that it supports the lower back when you
are sitting upright.

Keyboard Placement

Place the keyboard in a position that

allows the forearms to be close to the horizontal
and the wrists to be straight. That is, with the
hand in line with the forearm. If this causes the
elbows to be held far out from the side of the body,
then re-check the work surface height. Some
people prefer to have their wrists supported on a
wrist desk or the desk. Be careful not to have the
wrist extended or bent in an up position.

Screen Placement

Set the eye to screen at the distance that permits you to most easily
focus on the screen. Usually, this will be within an arm's length. Set the height
of the monitor so that the top of the screen is below eye level and the bottom
of the screen can be read without a marked inclination of the head. Usually,
this means that the center of the screen will need to be near shoulder height.
Eyes must be level with the tool bar. People who wear bifocal or multi-focal
lenses will need to get a balance between where they see out of their lenses
and avoid too much neck flexion.

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Desk-Top Layout

Place all controls and task materials within a comfortable reach of both
hands so that there is no unnecessary twisting of any part of the body. Most
people prefer the document holder to be between the keyboard and the
monitor. There are many different types of document holders available.

Document Holder

Place this close to the monitor screen in the position that causes the
least twisting or inclination of the head.

Posture and environment

Change posture at frequent intervals to

minimize fatigue. Avoid awkward postures at the
extremes of the joint range, especially the wrists.
Take frequent short rest breaks rather than
infrequent longer ones. Avoid sharp increases in
work rate. Changes should be gradual enough to
ensure that the workload does not result in
excessive fatigue. After prolonged absences from
work the overall duration of periods of keyboard work should be increased
gradually if conditions permit

Lighting

Place the monitor to the side of the light source/s, not directly
underneath. Try to site desks between rows of lights. If the lighting is
fluorescent strip lighting, the sides of the desks should be parallel with the
lights. Try not to put the screen near a window. If it is unavoidable, ensure
that neither the screen nor the operator faces the window. The solution is to
increase the refresh rate of the monitor to at least 75hz. If the monitor is well
away from windows, there are no other sources of bright light and prolonged
deskwork is the norm, use a low level of service light of 300 lux. If there are
strongly contrasting light levels, then a moderate level of lighting of 400 - 500
lux may be desirable.

Glare and Reflection

It is important to detect the presence of glare and reflection. To

determine whether there is glare from overhead lights whilst seated worker
should hold an object such as a book above the eyes at eyebrow level and
establish whether the screen image becomes clearer in the absence of
overhead glare. To detect whether there are reflections from the desk surface,
the worker should hold the book above the surface and assess the change in
reflected glare from the screen.

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Using a Mouse

A well-designed mouse should not cause undue pressure on the wrist

and forearm muscles. A large bulky mouse may keep the wrist continuously
bent at an uncomfortable angle. Pressure can be reduced by releasing the
mouse at frequent intervals, by selecting a slim-line, low-profile mouse. Keep
the mouse as close as possible to the keyboard, elbow bent and close to the
body.

Posture during Keying

Good posture is essential for all users of

computers. It comprises of a natural and
relaxed position, providing opportunity for
movement, and from which the operator can
assume a number of alternative positions. It
is not a single, rigidly defined position.

Typing Technique

Typing is a physical activity, and using a keyboard requires skill, hence the
need to learn correct typing technique. Unskilled ('hunt and peck') typists are
particularly at risk of Occupational Overuse Injury because they: often use only one
or two fingers which may overload the finger tendons; are constantly looking from
keyboard to screen to keyboard, which may strain neck muscles; often adopt a tense
posture (wrists bent back and fingers 'poised to strike').

Speed of Keying

The efficiency and speed of modern computers makes it possible for a skilled
operator to type extremely quickly. This capability reinforced by workload pressures
means the potential exists for operators to key at speeds which may cause or
contribute to Occupational Overuse Syndrome. The role of the repetitive movement
in injury is not fully understood but is believed to interfere with the lubrication
capacity of tendons, and the ability of muscles to receive sufficient oxygen supplies.
10,000 - 12,000 keystrokes per hour is considered an acceptable standard.

Length of time on the keyboard

The maintenance of a fixed posture for long periods is tiring and increases the
likelihood of muscular aches and pains. In addition, long periods of repetitive
movement and sustained visual attention can also give rise to fatigue-related
complaints. It is recommended that operators avoid spending more than five hours
a day on keyboard duties and no longer than 50 minutes per hour without a
postural/stretching break.

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POINTS TO REMEMBER

Computers –Ergonomic Guidelines

• Viewing distance: The monitor should be 2 –2½ feet from the child’s eyes.
• Time at computer: Encourage children to use their physical energy.
• Seat and height posture: The child should sit high enough to have his
arms bent at 90°
• Footrest: Use it prevent dangling feet.
• Mouse: Find one that fits small hands.
• Keyboard: Child-sized keyboards with light pressure keying are recommended.

What’s More

Direction: List down 5 work ergonomic guidelines that each person should follow
while working. Write them on your notebook.

What I Have Learned

Direction: Answer the following questions on your notebook.

What is ergonomics?
Is it important to follow ergonomics while working? Why or Why not?

What I Can Do

Directions: Choose one job (either computer technician or computer programmer)

or activity at work or at home. List potential A, B and C type hazards on computer
ergonomics for the job or activity on the worksheet and give reasons for the type of
hazard. Follow the format below. Write it on your notebook.

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You will be graded base on the following:

Assessment

Direction: Minute Paper. Write your answers on your notebook.

1. What is the proper posture during keying?
2. What is the proper screen placement?
3. What is the proper placement of the chair while working on a computer?

Additional Activities

Direction: Ask anybody at home about the ergonomics they are following at work.
Write their responses on your notebook.

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