Umali, Cindy V.

BSBA 2-B

Direction: Discuss your answer for the following questions

comprehensively.

1. Define operating system comprehensively using your own

understanding.
 The operating system “OS” is the most valuable program that runs
into computer, It manage the memory and processes of a computer.
It is a software program that interlinking to hardware.
2. Give at least five (5) functions of an operating system. Discuss each of
them.

Memory Management

Memory management refers to management of Primary Memory or Main

Memory. Main memory is a large array of words or bytes where each word
or byte has its own address.

Main memory provides a fast storage that can be accessed directly by the
CPU. For a program to be executed, it must in the main memory. An
Operating System does the following activities for memory management −

Keeps tracks of primary memory, i.e., what part of it are in use by whom,
what part are not in use.

In multiprogramming, the OS decides which process will get memory when

and how much.

Allocates the memory when a process requests it to do so.

De-allocates the memory when a process no longer needs it or has been
terminated.

Processor Management

In multiprogramming environment, the OS decides which process gets the

processor when and for how much time. This function is called process
scheduling. An Operating System does the following activities for processor
management −

Keeps tracks of processor and status of process. The program responsible

for this task is known as traffic controller.

Allocates the processor (CPU) to a process.

De-allocates processor when a process is no longer required.

Device Management

An Operating System manages device communication via their respective

drivers. It does the following activities for device management −

Keeps tracks of all devices. Program responsible for this task is known as
the I/O controller.

Decides which process gets the device when and for how much time.

Allocates the device in the efficient way.

De-allocates devices.
File Management

A file system is normally organized into directories for easy navigation and
usage. These directories may contain files and other directions.

An Operating System does the following activities for file management −

Keeps track of information, location, uses, status etc. The collective

facilities are often known as file system.

Decides who gets the resources.

Allocates the resources.

De-allocates the resources.

Security

By means of password and similar other techniques, it prevents

unauthorized access to programs and data.

3. Differentiate disk cleanup and disk defragmenter.

Disk Clean-up. This tool helps you by freeing up more disk space so
that you can use it. Most programs don’t clean up too well after itself,
leaving files that are no longer used and are just taking up disk space. It
is the job of Disk Clean-up to track all these files along with a few other
possible options you can take to free up more space. Disk Clean-up
would also check the trash bin and old restore files that you may not
need. It does ask you for a confirmation before deleting these files to
make sure that you wouldn’t need them anymore.
 Disk Defragmenter. As you use your computer you create files and
delete files as well. These create unused spaces in between used
spaces. Whenever you save a large file, sometimes there is no
continuous area to put it and your system is forced to cut the files into
smaller sections in order to be able to save it properly. This is called
fragmentation, and the longer you use your computer the worse it gets.
Fragmentation degrades the overall performance of your computer since
reading a fragmented file would take longer.
4. Give at least three (3) versions of MS Windows that you know and
describe some of their significant features which are different from other
versions.
Microsoft Word 2010
1. Integration of Screenshot feature in Word
The option of screenshot is in the ribbon at the top of your document.
When you click screenshot you automatically get few screenshot
samples from the background (that is at the back of the the word
document). You can either select from the available screenshots or click
on “Screen clipping” to take the screenshot yourself.

2. Remove background of Images

It’s a Photoshop like feature-not as effective though-yet its a great help.

With it you can directly remove the background of any picture. It is really
good for simple backgrounds while a little untidy and time consuming for
the complex ones.

3. New Art Effects in WordArt

WordArt has been updated with new colorful art effects. Select the text,
click “Word Art” and a list of options will appear. You can see how your text
will appear when you hover the mouse over the option-which is the best
part:

4. Artistic Effects

Fantastic new artistic effects have been added in Word 2010! Select the
image and click on “Artistic Effects” from the ribbon. You get a bunch of
options like Pencil Sketch, Chalk Sketch, Glowy Edges, Photocopy etc.

5. Ligatures

Ligatures usually replace consecutive characters sharing common

components. However, the application and the system still recognizes the
characters in its individual components thus enabling spell checkers and
search facilities.

Microsoft Word 2007

1. Push Pins

As you work on documents, they appear in the Recent Documents list

under the Office button in the top left corner. A single click on one re-opens
it for editing, until it's pushed off the bottom of the list by new arrivals.
Clicking the push pin sticks the document to the list for as long as you need
to work on it.

2. Table Styles
Tables are a great way to present information, and now, it's easy to make
them pretty with the built-in table styles.

3. Smart Art

Attractive, easy to use, pre-created charts and diagrams come in handy

and save time when I want to add some visual interest to a document, as
an alternative to a table.

4. Cropping Images

I am often pasting screenshots of websites into documents, and I think they

are tidier without the browser window around them. I want the viewer to
focus just on the web page content. The image cropping tool is invaluable
for quickly trimming an image down, without need for external image
software.

5. Visual Previews

I love seeing changes happen as I make them, such as when resizing an

image or previewing different styles. Such a change from the earliest
versions of Word, where you waited many minutes for a page to re-render
after adding an image!

6. Track Changes

When collaborating on a document, it's critical to see the changes others

make. Enabling this feature makes that such a breeze.

7. Compare Documents
However, if your collaborators forget to track their changes, this feature will
find them, by comparing two different versions of the same document. You
can easily accept, reject and merge changes into a final version.

8. Inspect Document

After a series of revisions, changes tracked and accepted or rejected, and

comments added and removed, running the Document Inspector is wise. It
will let you know about any last stray changes and comments, so that the
version you release is truly the final one

9. Save as PDF

Not everyone has Office 2007, but most people have or can install Adobe
Reader or one of several other PDF readers. You can save your document
as a PDF directly from Word with no additional software required.

10. The Ribbon Bar

Last but not least, I've found that the grouping of features on the Ribbon
Bar really does make sense. A skeptic at heart, I've come to enjoy using
this interface over the options buried many levels deep in menus.

Microsoft Word 2013

1. A New Look for Word

The first change you’ll see when you launch Word 2013 is a startup screen
rather than a blank document, as in older versions of Word. In the left pane,
you’ll see a list of your most recent Word documents as well as the option
to openMicrosoft Word 2013, Word 2013, Word 2013 trainingadditional
files. In the right pane, you can pick from various templates, such as blank,
flyer, blog post, and many more as well as search Microsoft’s library of
online templates. If you are a long-time Word user, this new landing page
may take some getting used but it can be disabled if the old look is
preferred.

The New Design Tab

Word 2013 still supports the Ribbon interface but now features for styling a
document are combined within the new Design Tab so they’re easy to find.
Document formatting can be quickly defined by choosing Themes, Colors,
and Fonts to use with them. From here, you preview your choices and can
even save your formatting as a default for all new documents.

2. Easy Graphic Alignment and Layout Options

The new Alignment Guides in Word 2013 make lining up images and other
objects a snap. They are a visual way to show when the object, such as an
image, chart, or SmartArt illustration, is aligned with the top of a paragraph
or to a heading or other elements on the page.

Convenient Layout Options

Select a picture, chart, or SmartArt object, and the handy new Layout
Options icon appears outside the object’s top right corner. Click it to
configure placement and text wrapping options, all without moving to the
Ribbon.

When you right-click an object and choose, for example, Format Picture or
Format Shape, a new formatting task pane opens. This pane replaces the
dialog box from earlier versions and stays open as you work to show
formatting options for the currently selected object.

3. Improved Reading in Read Mode

If you use Word more to read documents than to create them, you’ll like
Word 2013’s new Read Mode which is clean and distraction-free. Switch to
the Read Mode and the Ribbon collapses as do most of the tabs. This new
view automatically resizes a document to the full window and displays your
documents in easy-to-read columns. Click the on-screen arrows to flip
through the pages or, if you’re using a touch-screen monitor or tablet,
swipe the screen from either edge of the display. Right-click on any
unfamiliar words to display a definition without leaving Read Mode. You
can also click on any image, table, or chart to enlarge it for easier reading.

Resume Your Work

Now, when you reopen a document, Word 2013 remembers where you
were and lets you keep reading or editing right where you left off, even
when you reopen an online document from a different computer or device.
This feature is supported in multiple views including Read Mode as well as
Print Layout, the default view in Word.

4. Smarter Collaboration

Reviewing documents with Tracked Changes and comments is easier now

with Word 2013’s new Simple Markup view. From Simple Markup, complex
markups are hidden and the final document is displayed. However, you still
see indicators in the left margin where tracked changes have been made.
When you double-click one of these lines, Word switches to the All Markup
view so you see the full edits. Click the indicator line again, and Word goes
back to Simple Markup.

Another improvement is you can lock the Track Changes feature in Word
which means someone needs to enter a password to make Word stop
Track Changes. This is a great way to ensure all changes are recorded
when your document is being reviewed by multiple people.

Comments are better too because they now have a reply button which
gives users the option to keep a conversation within one small speech
bubble. Now it’s easy to track comments right next to the related text
instead of creating a multitude of comments on one topic. And when a
comment is handled, you mark it as done. It will be greyed out to keep out
of your way, but the conversation will still be there if you need to revisit it
later.

5. Open and Edit PDFs inside Word

Opening and editing PDFs is finally a full-fledged feature in Word 2013. In

past versions, you could save a Word document as a PDF, but you couldn’t
edit a PDF without converting it to a Word document first. Now you simply
open a PDF as if it is a Word document and edit it as usual. Word handles
just about any PDF you want to work with, even if it has multiple tables,
large images, different fonts, and so on—all without the need of a
third-party application.

6. New and Improved Table Features

Word 2013 finally addresses the frustration of formatting different width and
style borders in a Word table. The handy Border Painter tool and Border
Styles feature simplify and speed up formatting.

Select a Line Style, Line Weight, and Pen Color or choose a preset from
the Border Styles list, and then paint the borders onto the table. With the
Border Sampler tool, it’s now also possible to sample an existing border
and then use the Border Painter to duplicate the style elsewhere in the
table.

To add a new row to a table, just hover your mouse outside the left edge of
the table at the point where the row is to be inserted. Click on the small
icon that pops up and you’re done. There’s a similar icon for easily adding
a new column. There are also new choices for working with tables on the
Mini Toolbar which pops up when you either select a portion of a table or
right-click on a table.

7. Better Management of Long Documents

Long documents can become unruly to manage especially if you’re working

in just a small portion of it. New Expand/Collapse options in Word 2013 let
you collapse and expand the headings of a document to make it easier
focus only on the portion you need. To do this, you must format the
document’s headings using the built-in styles Heading 1, Heading 2, and so
on. To hide the paragraphs, hover your mouse to the left of a formatted
heading and then click the small triangle that appears, leaving just the
heading text visible. For menu control of the Expand/Collapse option, just
right-click on a heading.
8. Multimedia Magic

If you design newsletters, flyers, brochures, or other graphical documents

in Word, you can now add web photos and videos directly into a Word
document. To add a video, choose Online Video from the Insert tab in the
Ribbon. This opens the search tools for Bing Video or YouTube within
Word without the need to toggle between Word and your Internet browser.
And, if you already have a video in mind, just paste in the embed code.
Keep in mind these videos will only play while your computer is connected
to the Internet.

9. Get on the Cloud

Like other programs in the new Office suite, Word 2013 is connected to the
cloud anytime you’re online. OneDrive, Microsoft’s cloud-based file storage
service, is integrated into Word and is now the default save location. (You
can also change the default to save locally to your computer.) After you
upload files to OneDrive or SharePoint, they are available for you or your
colleagues to view or edit them online from a variety of devices.

Present Online

Office 2013’s new Office Presentation Service is one way to present Word
documents online. You must be signed into your Microsoft Account to use
this feature. Once everyone is connected to the service—which is run via
the Microsoft Word Web App—they’ll be able to follow along as you present
the document. The interface supports comments being made during the
presentation, and participants can create a printable and downloadable
PDF of the document.

10. Touch Screen Functionality

Microsoft Word 2013, along with the entire Office suite, is built with touch
screens in mind. A touch screen isn’t required for Word, but if you’re using
it on a Windows tablet or touch-enabled monitor, you’ll find the navigation is
simple and straightforward. Tap on images or charts to zoom in or scroll
through a document with your finger or a stylus. Press and hold (the touch
version of right-clicking with your mouse) on a word and see various
options for it like Font, Synonyms, and so on. Expand or collapse sections
of a document by tapping. Double-tap with your finger to zoom in and make
tables, charts and images in your document fill the screen. To continue
reading and to zoom out, tap or click again outside the object

5. Differentiate MS Windows, Mac OS and Linux briefly.

Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows has existed in one form or another since 1985, and it
remains the most popular operating system for home and office computers.
Its latest versions, including Windows 10, are also used on some tablets,
and the OS is used on some web and number-crunching server computers
as well. Computers from a wide variety of manufacturers can use Windows.
Initial versions of Windows worked with an earlier Microsoft operating
system called MS-DOS, providing a modern graphical interface on top of
DOS's traditional text-based commands. Signature features of Microsoft
Windows's user interface include windows themselves – rectangle-shaped,
on-panel screens that represent individual applications. The Windows Start
menu has helped generations of users find programs and files on their
devices. Mac OS is the computer operating system for Apple Computer's
MacIntosh line of personal computers and workstations. A popular feature
of its latest version, Mac OS X , is a desktop interface with some 3-D
appearance characteristics. OS X has a modular design intended to make
it easier to add new features to the operating system in the future. It runs
UNIX applications as well as older Mac applications.Unlike many other
operating systems, development on Linux isn't led by any one company.
The operating system was created by Finnish programmer Linus Torvalds
in 1991. Nowadays, programmers from all over the world collaborate on its
open source code and submit tweaks to the central kernel software and
other programs.

A wide assortment of commercial and open source software is available for

Linux, and various Linux distributions provide custom user interfaces and
tools for installing software onto machines running the operating system. A
favorite of many programmers, Linux is widely used on corporate and
scientific servers, including cloud computing environments. Linux can be
run on a wide variety of hardware and is available free of charge over the
internet.