N. T.
Wright
Nicholas Thomas Wright FRSE (born 1
The Right Reverend
December 1948), known as N. T. Wright or
Tom Wright,[3] is an English New Testament N. T. Wright
scholar, Pauline theologian and Anglican FRSE
bishop. He was the bishop of Durham from Bishop of Durham
2003 to 2010. He then became research
professor of New Testament and Early
Christianity at St Mary's College in the
University of St Andrews in Scotland until
2019, when he became a senior research fellow
at Wycliffe Hall at the University of Oxford.[4]
Wright writes about theology and Christian life
and the relationship between them. He
advocates a biblical re-evaluation of theological Wright speaking at a conference
matters such as justification,[5] women's in December 2007
ordination,[6] and popular Christian views about Church Church of England
life after death.[7] He has also criticised the idea
Diocese Durham
of a literal Rapture.[8] The author of over
seventy books, Wright is highly regarded in In office 2003 to 2010
academic and theological circles for his Other post(s) 2019–present: Senior research fellow,
"Christian Origins and the Question of God" University of Oxford
series.[9] The third volume, The Resurrection of
2010–19: Research Professor,[1]
the Son of God, is considered by many clergy University of St Andrews
and theologians to be a seminal Christian work
2000–03: Canon Theologian,
on the resurrection of Jesus,[10][11] while the Westminster Abbey
most recently released fourth volume, Paul and
the Faithfulness of God, is hailed as Wright's 1994–99: Dean of Lichfield
magnum opus.[12] Orders
Ordination 1975
Early life Consecration 2003
Personal details
Wright was born in Morpeth, Northumberland.
In a 2003 interview, he said that he could never Born Nicholas Thomas Wright
remember a time when he was not aware of the 1 December 1948
presence and love of God and recalled an Morpeth, United Kingdom
occasion when he was four or five when "sitting
Nationality British
by myself at Morpeth and being completely
overcome, coming to tears, by the fact that God Denomination Anglican
loved me so much he died for me. Everything Residence 2003–10 Auckland Castle
that has happened to me since has produced
wave upon wave of the same."[13] Spouse Maggie[2]
Children 4[2]
Education Exeter College, Oxford (B.A.)
He was educated at Sedbergh School in the Wycliffe Hall, Oxford (M.A.)
Yorkshire Dales, and in the late 1960s Wright Merton College, Oxford (D.Phil)
sang and played guitar in a folk club on the west
University of Oxford (D.D.)
side of Vancouver.[14] In 1971, Wright received
his BA in literae humaniores, with first class
honours, from Exeter College, Oxford. During that time he was president of the undergraduate Oxford
Inter-Collegiate Christian Union.
From 1971 to 1975, he studied for the Anglican ministry at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford, receiving his (Oxford)
MA at the end of this period. He was later awarded a Doctor of Divinity (DD) degree by the University of
Oxford.[15]
Career
In 1975 he became a junior research fellow at Merton College, Oxford, and later also junior chaplain. From
1978 to 1981 he was a fellow and chaplain at Downing College, Cambridge. In 1981 he received his DPhil
from Merton College, his thesis topic being "The Messiah and the People of God: A Study in Pauline
Theology with Particular Reference to the Argument of the Epistle to the Romans". After this, he served as
assistant professor of New Testament studies at McGill University, Montreal (1981 to 1986), then as
chaplain, fellow and tutor at Worcester College and lecturer in New Testament in the University of Oxford
(1986 to 1993).
He moved from Oxford to become dean of Lichfield Cathedral (1994 to 1999) and then returned briefly to
Oxford as a visiting fellow at Merton College, before taking up his appointment as canon theologian at
Westminster Abbey in 2000.
From 1995 to 2000, Wright wrote the weekly Sunday's "Readings" column for the Church Times. He has
said that writing the column gave him the "courage" to embark upon his popular ... for Everyone (SPCK)
series of commentaries on New Testament books.[16]
In 2003, Wright became the Bishop of Durham; he was consecrated a bishop on 3 July 2003 at York
Minster by David Hope, Archbishop of York.[17] On 4 August 2006 he was appointed to the Court of
Ecclesiastical Causes Reserved for a period of five years.[18]
He resigned from the see of Durham on 31 August 2010 and took appointment as Research Professor of
New Testament and Early Christianity at St Mary's College, St Andrews, in Scotland, which enabled him to
concentrate on his academic and broadcasting work.[19][20]
As of 1 October 2019, Wright was appointed a senior research fellow at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford, where he
had originally studied for the Anglican ministry in 1971 through 1973.[4]
Views
New Testament doctrine
In his popular book Surprised by Hope, Wright outlines the scriptural emphasis on resurrection as the
proper hope of all Christians. Wright is critical of the North American church's overemphasis on "going to
heaven when you die" and the underemphasis on the resurrection from the dead, though he does not deny
the teaching that a person's soul lives on after death. He advocates a reunion of soteriology and
ecclesiology, commenting that such a connection is often neglected in Protestantism. In addition, he is
critical of various popular theological ideas, such as the dispensationalist doctrine of the rapture.[21]
New perspective on Paul
Wright is one of the leading figures in the New Perspective on Paul interpretation, or rather group of
interpretations,[22] of the Pauline letters.[23][24] Wright contends that Paul cannot be ignored by any serious
Christian and that, through his central place within the New Testament canon, Paul has come to be abused,
misunderstood, imposed upon, and approached with incorrect or inappropriate questions about the Christian
faith.[25] According to Wright, "Paul in the twentieth century, then, has been used and abused much as in
the first. Can we, as the century draws towards its close, listen a bit more closely to him? Can we somehow
repent of the ways we have mishandled him and respect his own way of doing things a bit more?"[26]
This question reflects the key consideration for the New Perspective on Paul and a fundamental aim of
Wright's scholarship: to allow the apostle Paul to speak for himself without imposing modern considerations
and questions upon him and in so doing, seeking to ascertain what St. Paul was really trying to say to the
people he was writing to.[27] From this, Wright contends that by examining the Pauline corpus through this
unique perspective, difficult passages within the text become illuminated in new ways, his letters gain
coherence both in their particularities as well as with one another, and it provides an overall picture of what
Paul was about, without doing violence to the little details within the letters.[28]
The beginning of the "new perspective" is the work of E. P. Sanders and his book Paul and Palestinian
Judaism.[29] In this 1977 work, Sanders argued that the prevailing view of first-century Judaism in the New
Testament was inaccurate. He described it instead as "covenantal nomism", which emphasised God's
election of a people and adherence to the Torah as a way of "staying in" the religion (rather than a way of
"getting in").
Wright found that Sanders supported the picture he himself had been forming, but nevertheless for the next
decade much of what Wright wrote was in disagreement with Sanders on various points. Wright agrees with
other "new perspective" scholars that the assumption that the Jews were guilty of a kind of "works-
righteousness" is untrue, and that the story of God and the covenant people Israel comes to a climax with
Jesus.[22]
Paul and justification
In speaking on justification, Wright contends, “the discussions of justification in much of the history of the
church, certainly since Augustine, got off on the wrong foot – at least in terms of understanding Paul – and
they have stayed there ever since.”[30] In this way, the Church, according to Wright, has subsumed
discussions surrounding the reconciliation of man to God under the label of justification, which has
subsequently given the concept an emphasis quite absent from what he believes is found within the New
Testament.[30] This leads Wright to argue that this incorrect perception of justification has done violence to
the text for hundreds of years[31] and that the text itself should be the starting point in determining what
Paul seeks to say about justification.[32]
Through his attempt of returning to the text to allow Paul to speak for himself as he suggests, Wright offers
a definition of what he believes the apostle means by ‘justification,’ which is contrary to popular belief. In
crafting said definition, the interpreter identifies three pieces, which he believes to be vital to this
consideration: that justification is dependent upon covenant language, that it utilises law-court language,
functioning within the covenantal setting as a strong explanatory metaphor of justification, and that it cannot
be understood within a Pauline context as separate from eschatology.[33] Through the inclusion of covenant
language, justification alludes to the presence of sin and wickedness in the world and the way in which the
covenant was instituted to bring about salvation. Within this context, the law-court metaphorical language
acknowledges God's role as judge who is to put the world to rights, to deal with evil and to restore justice
and order to the cosmos. Finally, Wright's definition of ‘justification’ within Paul's letters acknowledges that
the term is not associated, as has commonly been perceived, with one's personal needs necessary to attain
salvation, but instead with what marked someone as a member of God's people.
Secular utopianism
In 2008, Wright criticised "secular utopianism", accusing it of advocating "the right to kill unborn children
and surplus old people".[34] The Times columnist David Aaronovitch challenged Wright specifically to
substantiate his claim that any secular group does indeed advocate the killing of elderly people, leading to
an exchange in which Wright held to his main point.[35][36][37][38]
Historical Jesus
Regarding the historical Jesus, Wright follows the "thoroughgoing eschatology" tradition of Albert
Schweitzer against the "thoroughgoing scepticism" of William Wrede and the Jesus Seminar,[39][40] whom
he regards as Wrede's modern-day counterparts.[39][41][42] Wright also argues for a 'very Jewish' Jesus who
was nonetheless opposed to some high-profile aspects of first-century Judaism. Similarly, Wright speaks of
Jesus as 'doubly', 'multiply', 'thoroughly', and 'deeply' subversive, while at the same time distancing Jesus
from other known seditious and revolutionary movements within first-century Palestine.[43] In some ways
his views are similar to those of such scholars as E. P. Sanders and the lesser-known Ben F. Meyer (whom
Wright calls "the unsung hero" of New Testament studies).[44] However he disagrees with the view of
Sanders that the Pharisees would not have exhibited the violent opposition to Jesus depicted in the
Gospels.[45] He has also defended a literal belief in the Second Coming and the resurrection of the dead as
central to Christianity.[7]
Wright is critical of more liberal theological circles. The Jesus Seminar's Marcus Borg, with whom Wright
shared mutual admiration and respect, co-authored with Wright The Meaning of Jesus: Two Visions to
elaborate their contrasting opinions.[46] In 2005, at the Greer-Heard Point-Counterpoint Forum, Wright
discussed the historicity of Jesus' resurrection with Jesus Seminar co-founder John Dominic Crossan.
Wright and Crossan, who also have mutual admiration, hold very different opinions on this foundational
Christian doctrine. For Crossan, the resurrection of Jesus is a theological interpretation of events by the
writers of the New Testament. For Wright, however, the resurrection is a historical event—coherent with the
worldview of Second Temple Judaism—fundamental to the New Testament.[47]
With the publication of Wright's 2012 book, How God Became King: The Forgotten Story of the Gospels,
Wright has been critical of some ideas concerning the historical Jesus in both US evangelical preaching and
the work of C. S. Lewis, who Wright admits was a major influence in his own life. In an interview,[48]
Wright summarises this critique: "One of the targets of this book is Christians who say: Yes, the Bible is
true. It's inerrant and so on. But, then, they pay no attention to what the Bible actually says. For too many
Christians it seems sufficient to say Christ was born of a Virgin, died on a cross and was resurrected—but
never did anything else in between. I'm saying: That’s not the way to understand the Gospels."
Homosexuality in the Anglican Communion
Wright was the senior member from the Church of England of the Lambeth Commission set up to deal with
controversies following the ordination of Gene Robinson as a bishop of the Episcopal Church in the United
States.[49] In 2009, the Episcopal Church authorised the clergy to celebrate commitment liturgies for people
in same-sex relationships. Writing on The Times, Wright described the action as a "clear break with the rest
of the Anglican Communion".[50]
In December 2005 he announced to the press, on the day that the first civil partnership ceremonies took
place in England, that he would be likely to take disciplinary action against any clergy registering as civil
partners or any clergy blessing such partnerships.[51]
He has argued that "Justice never means 'treating everybody the same way', but 'treating people
appropriately'".[50] In August 2009, he issued a statement saying:
...someone, sooner or later, needs to spell out further (wearisome though it will be) the
difference between (a) the "human dignity and civil liberty" of those with homosexual and
similar instincts and (b) their "rights", as practising let alone ordained Christians, to give
physical expression to those instincts. As the Pope has pointed out, the language of "human
rights" has now been downgraded in public discourse to the special pleading of every interest-
group.[52][53]
Reviews of Wright's scholarly work
Wright's work has been praised by many scholars of varying views, including James Dunn, Gordon Fee,
Richard B. Hays and Rowan Williams, former Archbishop of Canterbury. Wright has received praise from
Catholics,[54] such as bishop Robert Barron, who has cited Wright's historical scholarship on multiple
occasions.[55][56]
Critics of his work are also found across a broad range of theological camps. Some Reformed theologians
such as John Piper have questioned Wright's theology, particularly over whether or not he denies the
Protestant doctrine of justification by faith alone. Although Piper considers Wright's presentation confusing,
he does not dismiss Wright's view as false. In response, Wright has stated he wishes Piper would "exegete
Paul differently" and that his book "isn’t always a critique of what I’m actually saying." Wright also
expressed how he has warmed to Piper and considers him a "good, beloved brother in Christ, doing a good
job, building people up in the faith, teaching them how to live."[57] In 2009, Wright has since addressed the
issue in his book Justification: God’s Plan and Paul's Vision.[5] He has sought to clarify his position further
in an interview with InterVarsity Press.[58]
Many conservative evangelicals have also questioned whether Wright denies penal substitution, but Wright
has stated that he denies only its caricature but affirms this doctrine, especially within the overall framework
of the Christus Victor model of atonement.[59]
Despite criticism of some of his work by Reformed theologians, other Reformed leaders have embraced his
contribution in other areas, such as Tim Keller who praised Wright's work on the resurrection.[60]
Writing an extensive review of The Resurrection of the Son of God on The Heythrop Journal, Catholic
fundamental theologian Joseph J. Smith SJ has criticised Wright's views about the resurrection of Jesus,
stating that neither the Gospel narratives of the Resurrection appearances nor Pauline texts cited by Wright
support his view that the resurrected body was "robustly physical".[61]
Honours
Wright has been awarded several honorary doctoral degrees,[62] including from Durham University in July
2007,[63] the John Leland Center for Theological Studies in April 2008,[64] the University of St Andrews in
2009,[65] Heythrop College (University of London) in 2010 and the Ecumenical Institute of Theology at St.
Mary's Seminary & University in May 2012.
In 2014, he was awarded the Burkitt Medal by the British Academy "in recognition of special service to
Biblical Studies".[66] It was announced in March 2015 that he was to be made a fellow of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh (FRSE).
Selected works
Wright, NT (1991), The Climax of the Covenant: Christ and the Law in Pauline Theology,
Fortress Press.
——— (1997), What Saint Paul Really Said: Was Paul of Tarsus the Real Founder of
Christianity?, Grand Rapids, MI: William B Eerdmans, ISBN 0-80284445-6.
——— (1997a), The original Jesus: the life and vision of a revolutionary, Grand Rapids,
Michigan: William B Eerdmans, ISBN 0-8028-4283-6, OCLC 38436317 (https://www.worldca
t.org/oclc/38436317).
——— (1997b) [1994, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK)], Following
Jesus: Biblical Reflections on Discipleship, Wm B Eerdmans.
———; Borg, Marcus J (1999), The Meaning of Jesus: Two visions (https://archive.org/detail
s/meaningofjesustw00borg), New York: HarperCollins, ISBN 0-06-060875-7.
——— (2000), The Challenge of Jesus: Rediscovering Who Jesus Was and Is, Downers
Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.
———; Crossan, John Dominic (2006) [2005, Augsburg Fortress], Stewart, Robert B (ed.),
The Resurrection of Jesus: John Dominic Crossan and NT Wright in Dialogue
(paperback ed.), SPCK.
——— (2005), Paul: In Fresh Perspective, Fortress Press ("Paul: Fresh Perspectives" co-
edition SPCK, 2005).
——— (2005), The Last Word: Beyond the Bible Wars to a New Understanding of the
Authority of Scripture, San Francisco: Harper.
——— (2006), Simply Christian: Why Christianity Makes Sense, SPCK co-edition
HarperCollins, 2006.
——— (2006), Judas and the Gospel of Jesus: Have We Missed the Truth about
Christianity?, SPCK; Baker Books, 2006.
——— (2006), Evil and the Justice of God, SPCK; Intervarsity Press, 2006.
——— (2007), "The Reasons for Christ's Crucifixion", in Jersak, Brad; Hardin, Michael
(eds.), Stricken by God? Nonviolent Identification and the Victory of Christ.
——— (2008), Surprised by Hope: Rethinking Heaven, the Resurrection, and the Mission of
the Church, SPCK, HarperOne, ISBN 978-0-06-155182-6.
———; Evans, Craig A (2009) [SPCK, 2008], Miller, Troy A (ed.), Jesus, the Final Days: What
Really Happened, Westminster John Knox.
——— (2009), Justification: God's Plan and Paul's Vision, SPCK, ISBN 978-0-83083863-9.
——— (2010), Virtue Reborn, SPCK. Also After You Believe: Why Christian Character
Matters, HarperOne North America, 2010.
——— (2011) [The Last Word, 2005], Scripture and the Authority of God: How to Read the
Bible Today (rev & exp ed.), HarperOne, ISBN 978-0-06-201195-4.
——— (2011), Simply Jesus: A New Vision of Who He Was, What He Did, and Why He
Matters, New York: HarperOne, ISBN 978-0-06-208439-2.
——— (2012), How God Became King: The Forgotten Story of the Gospels, New York:
HarperOne, ISBN 978-0-06-173057-3.
——— (2013), The Case for the Psalms: Why They Are Essential, New York: HarperOne,
ISBN 978-0-06-223050-8.
Published in Britain the following year as: ——— (2014), Finding God in the Psalms,
London: SPCK, ISBN 978-0-281-06989-7.
——— (2013), Pauline Perspectives: Essays on Paul, 1978-2013, Ausburg Fortress,
ISBN 978-0-8006-9963-5.
——— (2014), Surprised by Scripture: Engaging Contemporary Issues, New York:
HarperOne, ISBN 978-0-06-223053-9.
——— (2014), Paul and His Recent Interpreters, Ausburg Fortress, ISBN 978-0-8006-9964-
2.
——— (2015), Simply Good News: Why the Gospel Is News and What Makes It Good, New
York: HarperOne, ISBN 978-0-06-233434-3.
——— (2016), The Day the Revolution Began: Reconsidering the Meaning of Jesus's
Crucifixion, New York: HarperOne, ISBN 978-0062334381.
——— (2018). Paul: A Biography. New York: HarperOne. ISBN 978-0-06-173058-0.
———; Bird, Michael F. (2019). The New Testament in its World: an introduction to the
history, literature, and theology of the first Christians. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan
Academic. ISBN 9780310499305. OCLC 1090200946 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10902
00946).
———; Bird, Michael F. (2019). The New Testament in its World Workbook: an introduction
to the history, literature, and theology of the first Christians. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan
Academic. ISBN 9780310528708. OCLC 1090195011 (https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10901
95011).
——— (2021). Galatians (Commentaries for Christian Formation). Grand Rapids: Eerdmans.
ISBN 978-0-8028-2560-5.
Christian Origins and the Question of God series
Four volumes published, two more planned:
——— (1992c), The New Testament and the People of God: Christian Origins and the
Question of God, vol. 1, Fortress Press, ISBN 978-0-8006-2681-5.
——— (1997c), Jesus and the Victory of God: Christian Origins and the Question of God,
vol. 2, Fortress Press, ISBN 978-0-8006-2682-2.
——— (2003c), The Resurrection of the Son of God: Christian Origins and the Question of
God, vol. 3, Fortress Press, ISBN 978-0-8006-2679-2.
——— (2013c), Paul and the Faithfulness of God: Christian Origins and the Question of God,
vol. 4, Fortress Press, ISBN 978-0-8006-2683-9.
For Everyone series
The For Everyone series, a commentary by Wright on the New Testament, was completed in 2011:
Matthew for Everyone, Part 1: Chapters 1–15 (2nd ed.), SPCK and Westminster John Knox
Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-281-05301-8.
Matthew for Everyone, Part 2: Chapters 16–28 (2nd ed.), SPCK and Westminster John Knox
Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-281-05487-9.
Mark for Everyone (2nd ed.), SPCK and Westminster John Knox Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-
281-05299-8.
Luke for Everyone (2nd ed.), SPCK and Westminster John Knox Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-
281-05300-1.
John for Everyone, Part 1: Chapters 1–10 (paperback ed.), SPCK and Westminster John
Knox Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-281-05302-5.
John for Everyone, Part 2: Chapters 11–21 (2nd ed.), SPCK and Westminster John Knox
Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-281-05520-3.
Acts for Everyone, Part 1: Chapters 1–12, SPCK, 2008, ISBN 978-0-281-05308-7.
Acts for Everyone, Part 2: Chapters 13–28. SPCK, 2008. ISBN 978-0-281-05546-3
Paul for Everyone: Romans, Part 1: Chapters 1–8. 2nd ed. SPCK, 2004. ISBN 978-0-281-
05736-8
Paul for Everyone: Romans, Part 2: Chapters 9–16. 2nd ed. SPCK, 2004. ISBN 978-0-281-
05737-5
Paul for Everyone: 1 Corinthians. 2nd ed. SPCK, 2004. ISBN 978-0-281-05305-6
Paul for Everyone: 2 Corinthians. 2nd ed. SPCK, 2004. ISBN 978-0-281-05306-3
Paul for Everyone: Galatians and Thessalonians. 2nd ed. SPCK, 2004. ISBN 978-0-281-
05304-9
Paul for Everyone: the Prison Letters: Ephesians, Philipians, Colossians and Philemon. 2nd
ed. SPCK and Westminster John Knox Press, 2004. ISBN 978-0-281-05303-2
Paul for Everyone: the Pastoral Letters: Titus and 1 and 2 Timothy. 2nd ed. SPCK, 2004.
ISBN 978-0-281-05310-0
Hebrews for Everyone. 2nd ed. SPCK, 2004. ISBN 978-0-281-05307-0
Early Christian Letters for Everyone: James, Peter, John and Judah. SPCK, 2011. ISBN 978-
0-281-06465-6
Revelation for Everyone. SPCK, 2011. ISBN 978-0-281-06463-2
James for Everyone. SPCK, 2012. ISBN 978-0-281-06859-3
See also
Christianity portal
Biography portal
Theological critical realism
References
1. "NT Wright" (http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/divinity/rt/staff/ntw2/), Divinity staff, St Andrews.
2. "Bishops" (http://www.durham.anglican.org/diocese-and-admin/bishops.aspx), Diocese of
Durham, Anglican
3. See, for example, Surprised by Hope: Original, Provocative And Practical.
ASIN 0281064776 (https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0281064776).
4. "Wycliffe Hall announces the appointment of NT Wright as their Senior Research Fellow" (htt
ps://www.wycliffe.ox.ac.uk/article/ntwright). Wycliffe Hall. 22 August 2019. Retrieved
8 November 2019.
5. Wright 2009.
6. "Women's Service in the Church: The Biblical Basis" (http://ntwrightpage.com/2016/07/12/w
omens-service-in-the-church-the-biblical-basis/). 12 July 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
7. Van Biema, David (7 February 2008). "Christians Wrong About Heaven, Says Bishop" (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20080209101034/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,171
0844,00.html). Time. Archived from the original (http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,859
9,1710844,00.html) on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
8. Wright, NT (12 July 2016), Farewell rapture (http://ntwrightpage.com/Wright_BR_Farewell_R
apture.htm).Alternate source: Fulcrum website (http://www.fulcrum-anglican.org.uk/page.cf
m?ID=445) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20120420014434/http://www.fulcrum-angli
can.org.uk/page.cfm?ID=445) 20 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
9. Merritt, Jonathan (6 November 2013). "N.T. Wright extends debate with John Piper by
releasing Apostle Paul tome" (http://religionnews.com/2013/11/06/nt-wright-john-piper-paul-d
ebate-tome/).
10. "Book Review: The Resurrection of the Son of God - Apologetics 315" (http://www.apologetic
s315.com/2008/01/book-review-resurrection-of-son-of-god.html). Retrieved 19 April 2017.
11. Kristof, Nicholas (23 December 2016). "Am I a Christian, Pastor Timothy Keller?" (https://ww
w.nytimes.com/2016/12/23/opinion/sunday/pastor-am-i-a-christian.html). The New York
Times. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
12. FortressPress (28 January 2014). "N. T. Wright on Paul and the Faithfulness of God: A
Conversation with Richard B. Hays" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JM8DGAnUq2k).
Archived (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/JM8DGAnUq2k) from the
original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2017 – via YouTube.
13. Amos, Michael 'Mike' (12 February 2003), "Our friend from the North", Northern Echo
14. Wright, Tom (2013). New Testament Wisdom for Everyone. London: SPCK. p. 8. ISBN 978-
0281069378.
15. "Bishop of Durham", Bishops in Lords (http://www.cofe.anglican.org/about/bishopsinlords/bis
hopdurham/), Church of England
16. Thornton, Ed, ""Wright has 'J.K. Rowling-plus' appeal, says SPCK (http://www.churchtimes.c
o.uk/articles/2011/22-july/news/wright-has-‘j-k-rowling-plus’-appeal,-says-spck)", Church
Times, 22 July 2011/
17. "Minster service for Bishop of Durham" (https://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/7904043.minster-
service-for-bishop-of-durham/).
18. "No. 58062" (https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/58062/page/10685). The London
Gazette. 4 August 2006. p. 10685.
19. News & events (http://www.durham.anglican.org/news-and-events/news-article.aspx?id=12
7) (news), Durham: Anglican
20. "Faith" (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article7109559.ece), Times (article),
UK
21. "Farewell to the rapture" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100612074826/http://www.ntwrightp
age.com/Wright_BR_Farewell_Rapture.htm). Bible Review. NT Wright Page. August 2001.
Archived from the original (http://www.ntwrightpage.com/Wright_BR_Farewell_Rapture.htm)
on 12 June 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2011.
Cf. Wright 2008: "When Paul speaks of 'meeting' the Lord 'in the air,' the point is precisely not
—as in the popular rapture theology—that the saved believers would then stay up in the air
somewhere. The point is that, having gone out to meet their returning Lord, they will escort
him royally into his domain, that is, back to the place they have come from. Even when we
realise that this is highly charged metaphor, not literal description, the meaning is the same
as in the parallel in Philippians 3:20. Being citizens of heaven, as the Philippians would
know, doesn't mean that one is expecting go back to the mother city but rather means that
one is expecting the emperor to come from the mother city to give the colony its full dignity, to
rescue it if need he, to subdue local enemies and put everything to rights"
22. N.T. Wright (August 2003). "New Perspectives on Paul, 10th Edinburgh Dogmatics
Conference" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161007065349/https://ntwrightpage.com/2016/0
7/12/new-perspectives-on-paul/). Archived from the original (https://ntwrightpage.com/2016/0
7/12/new-perspectives-on-paul/) on 7 October 2016. See also this copy (https://web.archive.
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External links
N. T. Wright page (http://www.ntwrightpage.com/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2011
1222001844/http://www.ntwrightpage.com/) 22 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine, a
collection of writings.
N.T. Wright In-depth Interview (http://frankviola.org/2012/01/23/ntwright/) on "Beyond
Evangelical".
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=N._T._Wright&oldid=1142187355"
