කියවීම්

10 යරේණිය පත්‍රිකාව
ඉතිහාසය
ඒකකය 6
ඓතිහාසික දැනුම
හා ප්‍රායයෝගික
ආයේශනය

ඓතිහාසික දැනුම හා එහි ප්‍රායයෝගික ආයේශනය

අයි.එම්.ධම්මික කුමාර ඉලංයකෝන් (ගුරු උපයේශක)
යකොට්ඨාස අධයාපන කාර්යාලය, කුරුණෑගල
10 යරේණිය ඉතිහාසය ඓතිහාසික දැනුම හා එහි ප්‍රායයෝගික ආයේශනය

ft;sydisl hq.fha iudc ixúOdkh

iudc ixúOdkh hkq lsis hï iudchla ;srir f,i mj;ajd f.k hdug
bjy,a jk tlS iudcfha fjfik mqoa.,hska iy lKavdhï w;r mj;sk iïnkaO;dj,
iajrEmh hs'

iudc ixúOdkh wia:djr jQ úg tys mj;sk kS;sh wdpdrO¾u iy idïm%odhsl we.ehqï

úkdY fõ. túg ta iudch iduldó núka f;dr ùug mgka .kS

iudc Oqrdj,sh
mqoa., iïnkaO;dj,g wkqms<sfj< iudc OQrdj,shhs

;sria OQrdj,sh
isria OQrdj,sh

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10 යරේණිය ඉතිහාසය ඓතිහාසික දැනුම හා එහි ප්‍රායයෝගික ආයේශනය

 iudc Oqrdj,sfha by<ska u isákafka rcqh

 rcq fndai;a .=Kfhka hqla; úh hq;=h
 rclug mrïmrdfjka ysñlu ,eìh hq;=h
 rcqg ióm j lghq;= lf<da rdclSh ks,OdÍkah ^roafld,a iïore&
 uyd ix>r;akh rchg wkqYdikd lrñka iudc Oqrdj,sfha by< ia:dkhl jev
jod<y
m%Nk
+ a - Okj;a fjf<`o m%OdkSka" kdúl lghq;=j, fhÿKq lmams;a;ka"
ffjoHjreka" .=rejre
idudkH ck;dj - ^zl=ãkaZ& - f.dúfhda" tf`âre" j<x idokafkda" ueKsla lmkafkda
lïu,alrefjda" ëjrfhda

rfÜ idudkH ck;dj iy by< uÜgfï m%Nk + a w;r iïnkaO;dj mej;sfha idudkH
fjf<kaoka idudkH rcfha ks,OdÍka wdÈ w;rueÈ msßia yryd h'

iudcfha my< u uÜgfï isáfhda odifhda h

 mdrïmßl j odihka - wkajhd;odi
 l=,h
s g ,nd .; yels odihka - OklalS;odi

iudc ixúOdkhg wh;a jQ tlsfkl lKavdhï w;r hym;a iïnkaO;djla mj;ajd

f.k hEug;a" Y=Nisoaêh wdrlaId ùug;a wjYH oE rcq w;ska bgq úh hq;h
= th iudc
taldnoaO;dj f,i yeÈkafõ

kS;sh iy iïm%odh
iudchla hym;a f,i mj;ajd f.k hEug iudch úiska iïu; lr .kq ,nk
fmdÿ ms<s.ekSï b;d jeo.;a h' kS;s njg m;ajkafka tfia iïu; lr .kakd fmdÿ
ms<s.ekSï h fmdÿ iïu; wdldr follska mj;shs'
1 ,sÅ; kS;s moaO;s
2 iudc ms<s.ekSï
s yd iïnkaO j mej;s wdh;k -zjod<Z ^ jHjia:dodhlh - rdciNdj&
kS;h
- ziNdjZ – wêlrKh

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10 යරේණිය ඉතිහාසය ඓතිහාසික දැනුම හා එහි ප්‍රායයෝගික ආයේශනය

ck;dj w;r kS;s kshdukh lrkq ,nkafka wdrlaIl ks,OdÍka úisks ^zfïldmam¾Z&
úchndyq rc;=udg i;=re lror mej;s iufha wdrlaIdj ,nd fok ,oafoa is;akdreìï
nqoaOkdhl kï jQ oKavkdhlfhl= nj úchndyq rc;=ud úiska ,shjk ,o mkdlvqj ;U
ikakfia i`oyka fõ

nÿ kS;sh
ksIm
a dokfhka yfhka tl;la rchg nÿ jYfhka f.úh hq;h
=
• olm;s ^ixialD;( Wolm%dma;s& - jeõj, c,h Ndú; lrkakkaf.ka wh l<
noao
• fndclm;s ^ixialD;( fNdaclm%dma;s& - rcqg wh;a bvïj, j.d lsÍu fjkqfjka
f.jk ,o noao
• u;ruðnl ^ixialD;( ud;%slu;aiHNd.& we< ud¾.j, u;aiHhska we,a,u
S
fjkqfjka rch wh l< noao
iuyr wjia:dj, rch NdKav f,i nÿ wh lr .;af;a h' wiajekak f,i
.kakd f.ä oyhlg tla f.ähla nÿ f,i rchg f.úh hq;= nj kjjk ishjig wh;a
fi,a,m
s shl i`oyka h'

f¾.= nÿ- f.dvjdh ,smsh

m<uq jk .cndyq rcq úiska is;=,m a õfõ msysgqjd ;sfnk fi,a,ms shl
oelafõ' ta m%foaYfha mej;s uyd úksYaph Yd,dfjka ,efnk ov uqo,a ^uyúkspys ,nkl
já;s& rcq úiska is;=,ma õj úydrfha jev jdih lrk NslaIQka jykafia,df.a isõmih
imhd .ekSug mQcd l< nj tu ,smsfha úia;r fldg we;'

mßirfha ;sfnk iajdNdúl fkdb`ÿ,a .=Kh wdrlaId lr .ekSug

mekjQ kS;s Í;s
fldKavjÜgjdka geï ,smsh - ksis ld,hg iS iEu fkdlrk mqoa.,hskag
l<x myl ovhla kshu lsÍu
wkqrdOmqr fjiai.sßh ,smsh - jeõj,ska f.dú;eka lrk l=Uqrej, isyskeá" ù" ñi" uqx
weg jemsÍu fkdl< hq;= nj ^y;rjk uyskao rc;=ud &
nÿ,a, geï ,smsh - ^y;rjk Who rc;=ud&- fj<ofmd, md,kh ms<sno ks;S Í;s

• fydamsá.u fjf<`om< iSudfõ fjf<`odï lrk whf.ka muKla nÿ wh

l< hq;= jk w;r fjf<`om< miqfldg hkakjqkaf.ka nÿ wh fkdl<
hq;= nj

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10 යරේණිය ඉතිහාසය ඓතිහාසික දැනුම හා එහි ප්‍රායයෝගික ආයේශනය

• ks,OdÍkag fkdfmkajd tu fjf<`omf<a NdKav úl=Kk whf.ka

fo.=Khla nÿ wh l< hq;= nj
• rcfha ks,OdrSka úiska m%ñ;s.; fkdlrk ,o uoáh nr ^;rdÈ mä&
fhdod fjf<`odï fkdl< hq;= nj
• nq,;a iy mqjla úlsOEu ta i`oyd ilia lrk ,o u~qj, muKla ;nd
fjf<`odï l< hq;= nj
• fmdfydh Èkj, fjf<`odï l< whf.ka ovhla jYfhka f;,a noaola
,nd .; hq;= nj
 zud>d; kS;hs Z ^wuKav .dñKS wNh rcq&-lsisÿ if;l= fkdueßh hq;= nj
 ñyska;,d mqjre ,smsh - ^y;r jk ñys`ÿ rcq& ó yrl=ka" t< yrl=ka iy t`Mjka
>d;kh lrkakkag urK o`vqju mekùu
 ksYaYxlu,a, rc;=ud - c,dYj, Ôj;a jk mlaISka fkdueßh hq;= nj wmrdO kS;sh
 fõje,aleáh fi,a,m s sh - ^y;r jk ñys`ÿ rcq& fidrlï lsÍu" ñkS ueÍu wdÈ
jroj,a i`oyd Èh hq;= o`vqjï i`oyka lr ;sîu
 ñkS ueÍug o`vqju t,a,d ueÍuhs'
 wkai;= yrla fidrlï fldg wiqjqjfyd;a fidrd.;a i;=ka fidhd
whs;slrejkag ndr § yrl=kaf.a YÍrj, ;nd ;sfnk uqødj r;a fldg
fidrlï l< whf.a k<f,a ;eìh hq;= nj
 ie`.ù isák wmrdOlrejka w,a,d .ekSu i`oyd j.lSu tl, mjrk ,oafoa
tu wmrdOlrejka wh;a .ïjeishkag h' wmrdOlre w,a,d .kakd ;=re Tyq
Ôj;a jQ .fï jeishka úiska rchg noaola f.úh hq;= úh' th ye`ÈkajQfha
z.DyoKavZ hk kñks'j¾;udkfha Y%S ,xldfõ Ndú; jkafka frdau-,kafoais
kS;h
s hs

uqo,a iy úksuh
 wd¾Ól lghq;=j, § merKs;u hq.fha § furg Ndú; jQfha NdKav yqjudre l%uh
hs
 w;S;fha ueáfhka ksu l< jD;a;dlr ljp we;eï úg wd¾Ól lghq;j = , § úksuh
i`oyd Ndú; flfrkakg we;
 furg ldis Ndú;h wdrïN jkafka l%sia;= mQ¾j 250 § muK h' tajd W;=re
bkaÈhdfõ isg fjf<`ÿka úiska furgg f.k tkq ,enQ ߧldis úfYaIhls' mqrd
úoHd{hska tajd y`ÿkajkafka zyiatnQ ldisZ ^zlydmKZ $ zlyjKqZ & hk kñks'
jD;a;dldr" p;=ri%dldr iy wdh; p;=ri%dldr hk yevj,ska hq;a fuu ldis u;
úúO ixfla; fldgd ;sfí' tu ldis furgg meñKsfha bkaÈhdfõ isg fuys meñKs
fjf<`ÿkaf.a ud¾.fhks'
 l%sia;= mQ¾j m<uq jk ishjfia w.Nd.fha § fyda l%sia;= j¾Ifhka m<uq jk ishjfia
uq,a Nd.fha § fyda furg iajdëk ldishla ksmojQ njg idlaIs ;sfí'

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10 යරේණිය ඉතිහාසය ඓතිහාසික දැනුම හා එහි ප්‍රායයෝගික ආයේශනය

 ldis wÉpq .eiSfï lghq;a; Ndr j fjk uks,OdÍfhla isáfha h' Tyq y`ÿkajk
,oafoa zrEm wOHlaIZ kñks'
 ft;sydisl hq.fha § furg úksuh lghq;j = , § ldis fjkqjg f,day nr o
jákdlula f,i Ndú; ù ;sfí'
 Y%S ,xldfõ fkdfhla m<d;aj,ska úfoaYSh iïNjhla ;sfnk ldis o yuq fõ' fï
w;r jvd;a iq,n frdauldis h
 úfoaYSh ldis furg Ndú; jQfha o tajdfha f,day nrg wod< jákdlu ie,ls,, a g
.ekSfuks fndfydauhla frdauldis ;Uj,ska idok ,o tajdh

ldka;d ksfhdackh
 ,dyq., msysá ks,a.sß iEh wi, ,smsh - pQ,iSj,S foaù kñka ye`ÈkajQ uy /ðkla
ms<sn`o f;dr;=re
 id,sh l=uref.a ìß`o jQ wfYdalud,d ÿgq.euqKq rcqf.a ud<s.fha § rij;a f,i
wdydr ms<sfh, fldg ldf.a;a is;a Èkd .;a nj ioaO¾ud,xldrfha úia;r fõ
 iQmYdia;%fha olaI ldka;djka ye`ÈkajQfha zuOqmdÑldZ hk úfYaI f.!rj kdufhka
nj Oïmshdwgqjd .egmofha olajd ;sfí^uOqry;a;rid&
 n%dyauKhd.u fi,a ,smsh - mreul¨ iukd kï ldka;djla .ek i`oyka h' weh
mreul kÈl kue;a;df.a ìß`o f,i tys i`oyka h'
 fldlawefí ,smsh - ;,;d ,laIaó kï jQ ldka;djl .ek i`oyka h' Nd;sh;siai
rcqf.a ld,fha § weh ;ukaf.a mjq, i;= foam<j,ska fldgila
fn!oaO úydrhlg mQcd l< nj i`oyka h' ;uka i;= Okh
úhoï fldg Ydiksl lghq;= lrf.k hdug tl, úiQ
ldka;djkag ksoyi ;sìKs'

foaYSh wdydr
 wjqreÿ 10500 lg fmr ls;=,a., fn,s f,fka jdih l< furg m%d.aft;sydisl
jeisfhda ish wdydrhg .;a j,afo,a iy weáflfi,a ms<sn`o idlaIs fidhd f.k
;sfí'
 ft;sydisl hq.fha § wdydrh i`oyd nyq, j Ndú; jQ OdkH j¾. jQfha ù iy
l=rlalka h
 lS¾;s Y%S fï>j¾KdNh rcq ^l%s'j' 301-328& úiska lrjk ,o f;daKs., fi,a,m s sfha
ù" W`ÿ" uqx iy ;, .ek i`oykafõ'Y%S ,xldfõ
 m%Nj+ reka w;r ckm%sh j mej;s wdydrhla jQfha iqj`o .sf;,ska msiQ fudkr uia iy
we,a yd,ska ie¥ n;a nj ioaO¾ur;kdj,sfha i`oyka fõ'
 ÿ.S ckhd w;r iq,n j mej;s wdydrhla jQfha m,d ud`Mj" ldä weUq, iy ksjqvq
ydf,a n;a h' iy,a msá m,a lr idod .kakd weUq,la ldä weUq, kñka y`e¢kafõ'

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10 යරේණිය ඉතිහාසය ඓතිහාසික දැනුම හා එහි ප්‍රායයෝගික ආයේශනය

le`o j¾. ^ hd.= $yïnq $wUq $yUq ldä &

 Èh le`o -iy,a j;=frka ;ïnd ¨Kq ñY% lr idok leo
 hjd. ^W`Mle`o$=¨Kq le`o& -iy,a tla fldgilg j;=r fldgia yhla fhdod
frda.Skag idok le`o
 ri W`Mle`o -^ioaO¾ur;akdj,sh&- c,h uqiq fkdfldg lsfrka msi ómeKs iy
.sf;,a fhdod th ksjqKq miq fodvï hqI lj,ï fldg ilid .;a leo
 weUq,ayUq $ weUq,a le`o - fnfy;a .=K we;s fld<j¾. fhdod ilik ,o le`o

ri leú<s
 w;aiqKq ^w;a.,d& -OdkH j¾. neo l=vq fldg idod .kakd wdydrhla
 ;s, ix.=,ls d^;, .=,&s -NslaIQka jykafia flfkl= yg w;=remila f,i ;, mQcd
lsÍula .ek i`oykla f;daKs., fi,a,m s sfha we;=<;a h'

t<j`M msiSu wdldr

neÿï" ue,a¨ï fydoao wdku" weUq, iy kshU,dj

jHxck rij;a lsÍu

 l=`Mnvq j¾. fh§u^lgql NdKav&
 l=`Mnvq hk jpkh fjkqjg fmdÿfõ Ndú; lrkafka ;=kmy hk jpkh hs'
;=ka j¾.h - ¨Kq ÿre iy ñßia
miaj¾.h - iqÿÿre l`Mÿre fld;a;u,a,s wn iy W`Myd,a

 weUq,a j¾. - foys" fodvï" f.drld" kiakdrï" .vdfoys

 lrmsxpd Ndú;h^lrfíôh&
 wdydr msiSug f;,a fhdod .ekSu ^lk f;,a& - ÿkaf;,a " .sf;,a yd iq`M jYfhka
fmd,af;,a Ndú;h

mßirh wdrlaId lr .ekSu

 wkqrdOmqr mqjre ,smsh - Wia f.dvìï bvïj, le,E fkdlemsh hq;= njg ksfhda.
lr we;'
 wkqrdOmqrfha nqoaOkafkfy, fi,a,m s sh - zj,a j, o`vqm;a fkdlmkq bidZ hkqfjka
i`oyka mdGhla ;sfí' thska woyia
lrkafka o le,Ej, .iafld<ka
fkdlemsh hq;= nj hs
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10 යරේණිය ඉතිහාසය ඓතිහාසික දැනුම හා එහි ප්‍රායයෝගික ආයේශනය

 fldKavjÜgjdka geï,smsh ^mia jk ldYHm rcq&

.iafld<ka l<ukdlrKfha § rch úiska mkjd ;sfnk kS;s Í;sj,g wkql+, j
l%shd lrk f,i rcfha ks,OdÍkag Wmfoia § ;sfí'