කියවීම්

10 ශ්‍රේණිය පත්‍රිකාව
ඉතිහාසය

ඒකකය 4
ශ්‍රී ලංකාශ්‍ේ
පැරණි සමාජය

ශ්‍රී ලංකාශ්‍ේ පැරණි සමාජය

අයි.එම්.ධම්මික කුමාර ඉලංශ්‍කෝන් (ගුරු උපශ්‍ේශක)
ශ්‍කොට්ඨාස අධයාපන කාර්යාලය, කුරුණෑගල
10 ශ්‍රේණිය ඉතිහාසය ශ්‍රී ලංකාශ්‍ේපැරණි සමාජය

merKs Y%S ,xldfõ md,kh

uQ,sl ,laIK
 rdcdKavq md,khla mej;Su
 md,kfha m%Odkshd rcq ùu
 md,kh ydiïnkaO m%Odk wdh;k ^ld¾hhka & ;=kla mej;Su
wdh;kh is`ÿlrk ,o w;S;fha ye`Èka jQ whqre j¾;udkfha oS
ld¾hh y`ÿkajk whqre
jHjia:dodhlh kS;Í s ;s nqoaOkafkafy< fi,a,m
s sh- md¾,sfïka;j
=
iïmdokh tla;ekaiñh
úOdhlh kS;Í s ;s l%shd;aul nqoaOkafkafy< fi,a,m
s sh- leìkÜ
lsÍu tla;ekaiñh uKav,h
wêlrKh hql
q a;sh miso,Su iNdj - zziNdfhka wd wêlrK
ueKska.uq Woys bid moaO;sh
kslje,s fikq bidZZ

ueÈß.sßh fi,a,m
s sh
^f,alïjrhdgo
wêlrKn,;, ;snQ nj&
^uyf,a liand&

merKs m%dfoaYSh md,kh yd iïnkaO f;dr;=re

j,a,m
s qrï rkam;a f,aLkh - m%;Hka; m%foaY md,kh lsÍug uOHu rcfha ksfhdacs;hska
m;a fldg ;snQ wdldrh

l`MÈhfmdl=K fi,a,m
s sh - .ï oyhla ksfhdackh jk mßÈ tajdfha m%OdkSkaf.ka
iukaú; tu uKav,h ^oi.ï uKav,h &
fmdÿ fi!LH myiqlï k.d isgqùug md,lhka .;a l%Shdud¾.
 zfjcacid,dZ fyj;a frday,a lrùu
 ffjoHjre m;alsÍu ^fjc&
 nqoaOodi rc;=ud ^l%s'j 340-368& - frday,a bÈ lsÍu

2
10 ශ්‍රේණිය ඉතිහාසය ශ්‍රී ලංකාශ්‍ේපැරණි සමාජය
 miajk uyskao rc;=ud ^l%s'j' 982-1029& - Y%S ,xldfõ fkdfhla m<d;aj, msysgqjd
;snQ frday,aj,g wjYH ish¨foa ,nÈSu
 y;rjk ldYHm rc;=udf.a ^l%s'j' 898 -914& - WK frda.h je<÷Kq frda.skag
m%;sldr lsÍu i`oyd zWmi.a.frda.kdiZ kï frday,a bÈlßSu
 m<uq jk Wm;siai rc;=ud ^l%s'j' 365-406& - ud;D ksjdi bÈlsÍu ^ zmijka;skdu
id,dZ &
 mKavqldNh rcq - fid;aÓid,d ^ud;D ksjdi bÈlßSu &

úfoaYSh in`o;d
 m<uq jk .cndyq rc;=ud ^l%s'j' 114-136& - m;a;sks foajd,hla újD; lsÍfï
W;aijhlg iyNd.s ùu i`oyd ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ fÉr rdcHhg hdu
Nd;sldNh rc;=ud ^l%s'mQ 22 l%s'j 7& - ^rejkaje,s iEhg mQcdjla meje;aùug wjYH
jQ ùÿre mn`M /f.k tau i`oyd&
 yh jk w.a.fndaê rcq - úis j;djla Y%S ,xldfjka Ökhg rdcH ;dka;%sl ¥; .uka
 m<uq jk úchndyq rc;=ud ^l%s'j1070 - 1110& - ;sf,daliqkaoÍ kï jQ ld,sx.
jxYsl l=udßldj újdy lr .ekSu
 ñ;a;d l=ußh mdKavH foaYfha l=ufrl= iu`. újdy ùu
 m<uq jk úchndyq rc;=ud úiska fmdf<dkakrefõ msysá o<od ud,s.fha wdrlaIdj
i`oyd fõff,laldr yuqodj m;a lsÍu
 ia,dóh rcq iu. ;E.s yqjudre lr.ekSu - w,a-n,iQßf.a jd¾;d

merKs Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ólh

,xldfõ mer‚ iudcfha jdih l< fndfyda .eñhkaf.a m%Odk Ôjk jD;a;sh
jQfha f.dú;ek hs' i;=ka we;s lsÍu fyj;a mY= md,kh o f.dú;eka lghq;=j,g u
;odkqnoaOj mj;ajd f.k .sh lghq;;
a ls' f.dú;eka lghq;= wdldr follg isÿ flß‚'
bka m<uqjekak fyaka f.dú;ek hs' fojekak uv f.dú;ek fyj;a l=Uqre f.dú;ekhs'
fï w;ßka jvd;a mer‚ fyaka f.dú;ek nj ft;sydisl iy mqrdúoHd;aul uQ,dY%h
uÕska ;yjqre lrhs' nq;i
a rK kï idys;H lD;sfha fifyka hkqfjka o isxy, Wïu.a.
cd;lfha fiaka hkqfjka o fi,a,m
s sj, zmsáìï’ hkqfjka o y`ÿkajd § ;sfnkafka mer‚
ld,fha ;snQ fyaka h'

fyaka j.dj hkq f.dv f.dú;ekls' ;ukag wjYH m%udKfha OdkH iy t<j`M
jjd .ekSug m%udKj;a ;rfï bvï fldgila uyle,Ejlska fjka fldg f.k th lmd
.sks ;eîfuka fyakla ilia lr .kq ,efí' fuys § úYd, .ia lmd fkdoeóug j. n,d
.efka' uq,l
s jYfhka t<sfmfy,s lr .;a le,E fldgi .sks;eîug fmr ishÆ i;=kag
bka bj;a jk f,i Yío k.d lE .eiSu isÿ lrkafka fyak wh;a f.dúhd úisks'wÆ;ska

3
10 ශ්‍රේණිය ඉතිහාසය ශ්‍රී ලංකාශ්‍ේපැරණි සමාජය
.sks;nd .;a fyakla y`ÿkajkafka kjoe,s fyak kñks' tjeks fyaka b;d ireidr h'
kjoe,sfiak hk fhÿu ioaO¾ur;kdj,sfha o fh§ ;sfí' Yaß ,xldfõ we;eï m<d;aj,
kjoe,s fyak hk fhÿug fjk;a f;areula § ;sfí' l=rlalka" fld,aÆ" W`ÿ" uqx" bß`.=" uE"
;Kyd,a" wifudao.ï, wuq hk me<Eá kjh oÆ ,d irejg jejqKq fyaka kjoe,s fyaka
hkqfjka ye`Èkafjk nj bka lshefõ' ld,hla w;yer oud h<s;a j.d lsÍu wrUk fyaka
ye`Èkaùug zlk;a; hk jpkh Ndú; lrkafka wkqrdOmqr m<df;a .eñhka h' fyaka
j.dfõ § wkq.ukh flfrk idudkH l%uh jQfha jrla fojrla j.d l< fyak bka miq
w;yer oeóu hs' ld,hla tfia w;yer oud ;sîfuka t;ek h<s;a le,Ej yg .kS' tksid
mer‚ fyaka j.dj lsisúfgl;a mßirhg wksis n,mEula we;s fkdlf<a h'fyakaj, j.d
lrk ,o foa w;r W`ÿ" uE" uqx" l=rlalka" bß`.=" ;," wuq" wn" ÿre" ;Kyd,a hk weg
j¾. o lrngq" ;síngq" jïngq" w`Mmqyq,a iy jÜglald hk t<j`M j¾. we,a ù j¾. iy
w, j¾. Wla.ia iy lmq o úh' j.d lrk ,oafoa tajdg u fjka jQ fyakaj, h' ta ld,fha
rgg wjYH jq frÈ iy yl=re ksmoùug marudKj;a ;rñka lmq j.dj iy Wla j.dj
furg ÈhqKq ù ;sì‚' jegqma ,nñka Wla l¾udka;fha fh§ isá lïlrejka .ek
jxil:dj, i`oykaj ;sfí' b;sydifha §¾>ld,hla ;siafia rgg wjYH yl=re rg ;=<u
ksmojd .ekSug wfma uq;=kañ;af;da iu;a jQy' l%sia;= j¾Ifhka oyihjk ishji jk ;=re
furgg iSkS wdkhkh fkdl< nj úoaj;ayq fmkajd fo;s'fyakla fldgkafka ;uka jdih
lrk ksjig ;rula wE; marfoaYhl neúka fyafka wiajekak ,nd .kakd ;=re f.dúfhda
fyafka bÈ lrk ,o me,am;l ;djld,slj ,e.=ï .ks;'s fyak jki;=kaf.ka wdrlaId lr
.ekSug fyak jgd bÈ lrk ,S jeg y`ÿkajkafka zo`vqjeg’ hk kñks' fyafka Wia .il bÈ
lrk l=vd me,am; yeÈkafjkafka zme, kñks' rd;%S ld,hg fyakg meñfKk i;=kaf.ka
;u fyak wdrlaId lr .ekSug f.dúhd /h myka lrk ,oafoa fuu mef,a h'fyaka j.d
lsÍu fjkqfjka we;eï rcjrekaf.a ld,j, § nÿ wh lr f.k ;sfí' le;s wv" flgQ
lkn wh hkqfjka fi,a,m
s sj, yÿkajd § ;sfnkafka tjeks nÿ j¾. folls'
fmdf<dkakrefõ rc l< ksYaYxl u,a, rc;=ud ^laß'j 1187 -1196& tu nÿ j¾. fol
wfydais l< nj trcq úiska lrjk ,o fi,a,m
s sj, i|yka fõ'mqrdK ld,fha ck.ykh
wêl fkdjqfhka fyaka j.dj ish Ôjk wjYH;d i`oyd marudKj;a jD;a;shla úh' uv
f.dú;ekla f,i ù j.dj wdrïN jqfha jeäjk ck.ykhg wjYH lrk wdydr
jeäjeäfhka ksmoùug h'

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10 ශ්‍රේණිය ඉතිහාසය ශ්‍රී ලංකාශ්‍ේපැරණි සමාජය

i;a;aj md,kh
 m%Odk jQfha .j md,kh hs'
 .jmd,kfha fhÿKq msßia i`oyd u fjka jQ f.damd,.ï .ek fi,a,m
s sj,;a
wka idys;H uQ,dY%hj,;a i`oyka h
 y;r jk ldYHm rc;=ud úiska fldgzjk ,o fi,a,m s shl lsßf.ß hk moh
olskakg ,eîu - lsß ,nd .ekSu i`oyd we;s lrk .jhska
 .DysKhs la t<foklf.ka lsß fodajkh lrk wdldrh fmkajk lÈu leghula
iS.sßfha msysá kd.mín úydrh kñka ye`Èkafjk mqrdK ia;+mfha Od;=.¾Nfha
;ekam;a lr ;snQ uydfïre .f,a leghï lr ;sîu

l¾udka;
 uq;=.,a, fi,a,ms sh - ucacsu kï lïu,alrejl= .ek f;dr;=re
 uKav., fi,a,m s sh - ;=,or iquk kñ rka lrefjl= ms<sno f;dr;=re
 fõ.sßh foajd,h wi, fi,a,m s sh - oál iquk kï jQ we;ao;a
Ys,amshl= .ek f;dr;=re ioyka ùu
 fjfyrflu fi,a,smsh - frÈ úùfï l¾udka;h ms<sn`o f;dr;=re

fjf<`odu

 wkqrdOmqr k.rfha ol=Kq fodrgqj wi, ld<iquk kñka ye`ÈkajQ fjf<`om<la ;snQ
njg idys;H uQ,dY%hka ys f;dr;=re we;=<;aj ;sîu
 iS.sßfha ngysr c,WoHdkfha ;sfnk fi,a,ms shl zwn, jmrZ kñka ye`Èkafjk
mqoa.,fhl= .ek i`oyka ùu - ishU,d fjf<kafola
 fjf<kafoda iuQy jYfhka ixúOdkh ù lghq;lsÍu - zmQ.hZ fyda zkshuia:dkZ
kñka y`ÿkajd we;
 fjf<`odfï kshqla; jQ msßia zjKscZ fyda zjdmrZ hk kñka y`ÿkajd ;sìu
 yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalhg wh;a uKav., kï ia:dkfha ;sfnk fi,a,m s shl iquk
kï fjf<kaol= úiska tf,i mQcd lrk ,o .,a.=ydjla .ek i`oyka ùu
 uyd.%dufha isg wkqrdOmqrhg meñ‚ iqrksu, kï ;eke;af;l= fjf<|fmd<lska
iqj| ú,jqka ñ, § .;a nj idys;H uQ,dY%hj, i|yka ùu
 fidrfndrjej geï ,smsfha fydamsá.u fj<`ofmd<ys md,kh iïnkaOfhka mekjQ
kS;s i`oykalr we;

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10 ශ්‍රේණිය ඉතිහාසය ශ්‍රී ලංකාශ්‍ේපැරණි සමාජය
 fj<`ofmd<g meñfKk lr;a;j,ska ñi fj<`ofmd< miqfldg f.k hk
lr;a;j,ska nÿ wh lr .ekSu fkdl< hq;= h
 ysret<sfhka wdjrKh
 jk mßÈ uvqjla hg muKla nq,;a fjf<`odï l< hq;= h
 fmdfydh Èkj, fjf<`odï fkd l< hq;h =
 ,xldfõ l%shd;aul jQ ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq iïNjhla we;s fjf<`o ixúOdk -
kdkdfoaiS" j,[a[shd¾" whskakqrej¾ ^ kdkdfoaiS fjf<`o ixúOdkhg wh;a
f,day uqødjla yïnkaf;dáka fidhd f.k ;sfí' &
 fndaj;af;a., fi,a,m s sh - zlfndc uy mq.shZ hk fhÿu olakg ,efí ^ tys
i`oyka jkafka ldïfndacjrekaf.a uyd fjf<`o ixúOdkhla ms<snojh &

w;S;fha furg mej;s jD;a;Ska

• wdpd¾hjreka f,i merKs f,aLk j, yÿkajd we;'
• Tjqka Ys,m
a Ydia;j
% , ksmqK mqoa.,hska úh'
• my; i|yka wdpd¾hjre tl, úh'
² yia;s wdpd¾h - we;=ka yS,El,
² wYaj wdpd¾h - wYajhska msghEu mqyqkq lrk
² ÿkq wdpd¾h - ÿkafkka úosu mqyqKq lrK

ffjoH jD;a;h
S
• wkqrdOmqrfha uq,a wjosfhaoS b;d by,ska w.h l< jD;a;hhla fjhs'
• fjc hkqfjka yÿkajd we;'
• we;eï wh uyfj|kd hkqfjka yÿkajd we;'

úúO Ys,amSka
• Ñ;% Ys,amSka " keÜgqjka " lúhka wdosh úh'
• —Ñ;lr˜ iy —,mk˜ hk mo is;a;reka i|yd fhdodf.k we;'
Wod- yïnkaf;dg osia;s%lalfha keÜgqlalkao m%foaYfha ,mk ;siai hkqfjka Ys,amsfhla
yÿkajd we;'
• —lú˜ hkqfjka lùka yÿkajd we;'
Wod - ,mk ;siaif.a mq;%hd lúfhla nj by; keÜgqlalkao ,smsfha oelafjhs'tu lúhdf.a
ku ixch f,i fhdodf.k we;'

w;S;fha furg ixialD;sh

• ñysÿ ysñhka furgg nqÿ oyu yÿkajd ÿkafkah'
• wkqrdOmqrfha jevisá NslaIQka jykafia,dg f,ka 1600 la muK mQcdlr we;'
• tu f,k msßisÿ lr lgdrug my,ska n%yaó wlaIr j,ska ^ isxy, m%dlD; & th mQcdl,

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10 ශ්‍රේණිය ඉතිහාසය ශ්‍රී ලංකාශ්‍ේපැරණි සමාජය
mqoa.,hdf.a úia;rh igyka lr we;'
• fjiai.sßh " ñyska;,h " ßá., " iS.sßh wdoS ia;dk j, msysgd we;'
Wod - —mreul .=; mq; mreul iquky f,fK w.; wk.; p;=osi i.i˜
m%Odksfhl= jQ .=;;
a f.a mq;%hd jQ m%Odks iquk úiska fuys wdjdjQo fkdwdjdjQo i;r
osidfú ix>hdg mQcdlrk ,oS'
• j¾ÉÑ ì;a;s " b¨la " mka jeiQ jy,la iys; l=vd mkai,a boslr we;'
• fïjd —mKaKYd,d ˜f,i fi,a,m s s j, yÿkajhs'
• kdhl ysñhka hgf;a isá NslaIQka —wkaf;ajdisl ˜hkqfjka ye|skafjhs'
Wod - wkqrdOmqrfha uy we<.uqfú f,ka ,smshl ;siairlaLs; kï f;rekaf.a
wkaf;ajdisl mqiai keue;af;l= .ek i|yka fjhs'
• kdhl ysñhka - f:r
• YsIH ysñhka - iosõayrsh ^ ioaêjúydrsl - iómfha jdih lrkakd &
• O¾uh u;lfha ;nd.;a - Ndkl jre
^ oS> ksldh u;lfha ;nd.;a - oS> Ndkl ixhqla; ksldh u;lfha ;nd.;a - ixhqla;
Ndkl &

lÀk W;aij meje;aúu

• l=reKE., osi;a S%lalfha ye,U., kï ia:dkfha fi,a,m
s shl jijisl hk moh
oelafjhs'
Wod - l=reKE., fld;,lSôhdj ^ jijisl iyGl & W;a;sh kï f;freka flfkl=g
{d;ska úiska lÀk Öjrhla ÿka njg tys i|yka fjhs'

fjk;a wd.ï

yskaÿ wd.u
• fid;aÓ Yd,d kñka tl, f.dvke.s,s bosù we;'
• tajd n%dyauKhska mQcdúê meje;ajQ ia:dk f,i ye|skafjhs'
• isúldYd,d hkqfjkao uydjxY àldfjys oelafjhs'
• Ysj foúhka jkaokd lr we;snj f;dr;=re fy,sfjhs'
• Ysj ,sx.h ;ekam;a l< foajd, furáka yuqfjhs'
Wod- wxl 01 Ysj foajd,h
wxl 02 Ysj foajd,h
• udf;dg jrdhg iómj ;sreflaYajrï foajd,h bosú we;'
• f.dalKaK ;s;a: jrdhg iómj fldafKaYajrï foajd,h bosù we;'
• ofuv hkqfjka fi,a,m s s j, fou< ck;dj yÿkajd we;'

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10 ශ්‍රේණිය ඉතිහාසය ශ්‍රී ලංකාශ්‍ේපැරණි සමාජය

lf;da,sl wd.u
• l=reihla igyka l< .,a mqjrejla wkqrdOmqrfhka yuqfjhs'
• th lf;da,ls wd.fï fkiafgdaßhdkqjkag wh;a tlla f,i ie,flhs'
• m¾ishdfú jhdma; jQ fuh fj<| in|;d u; ,xldjg meñK we;'
• ;j;a iuyre mjikafka mD;=.Siskaf.a iufha furgg meñK we;s njhs'
• fldiauia bkaäfldmaf,agia wkqrdOmqrfha isá m¾ishdkq fj<| lKavdhula .ek i|yka
lrhs'

bia,dï wd.u
• wrdì N+f.da, úoHd .%ka:hla jQ ls;í w,a uia,slajd,a uud,sla lD;sfha firkaäma
hkqfjka
,xldj yÿkajd we;'
• fj<|du uq,la rf.k furg bia,dï wd.u jHdma; úh'

wfma w;S; wOHdmkh

• fn!oaO wdh;kh uq,l a rf.k wOHdmk wdh;k ìysúh'
• NslaIQka jykafia,d m%Odk jYfhka .=rejre úh'
• isxy, " ixialD; " md,s " m%dlD; ndId b.ekaúh'
Wod - nqoaOf.daI ysñ tf,i wOHdmkh i|yd furgg meñks NslaIQka jykafia kuls'

w;S;fha ridiajdoh
• tod lúhd iy riúkaokh ms<sn| iS.sßh legm;a mõr wdYs%;j l=regq .S; weiqßka
meyeos,s fjhs'
• oekg l=regq .S; 600 la muK fidhdf.k we;'
 lsrks ao .f,a ,smsh
wmßñ; f,dlys - nqO iu k;s
w:dk mru ¥,fn - ijkqf; mf;
wkQ;fr if; - uy irfK
f,dljl nqO ku ihnq - fu.,ys úyfr
kl Wjrc ku - nqOirfK .f;
ñposál ìosh hyu. mrhk N=f;

w¾:h
wmßñ; fuf,dj - nqÿka iu irKla ke;
tysñ ieu ;ekh - tiu jkq ÿ,n fohls'
uy irKls - lsisfjl=g fkdfofjks
;udu ish,a, o;a tysñ - f,djgu weils
ñiosgqlu w;er - hyu. hkq ßisj
8
10 ශ්‍රේණිය ඉතිහාසය ශ්‍රී ලංකාශ්‍ේපැරණි සමාජය
fï.f,a úydfros - nqÿ irK je<|.;s kd. Wmrc f;u
^ jir 2000 muK merKs lúhla jk fuh lsßkao úydrfha .,a m¾j;hl igyka lr
we;'&
úcq rlafLda meúcacka ,S fu.S
fkf,ka ù msßm;
k<, flfy msáys yqK
u,ou .eke úisr
ìhm;a je wm fnh| ke.sfh
w¾:h - jcar w.a.fndaë meúoaod úiska ,shQ .S;hhs'fñ m¾j;h k.sk úg iq<.ska wmg
ndod we;s úh'k<f,ys jQ flaiafrdo iq<. ksid msgg jeáks'f.f,ys me<| isá u,aud,ho
úisr .sfhah'wms bka ìhg m;a jqfkuq' ^ iS.sß l=regq .s;hls'&