සවියෙන් යෙරට - අපි එකට

e-ඉයෙනුම් ොසල
ය ොරණ අධ්‍යාෙන කලාෙෙ

10 යරේණිෙ: ඉති ාසෙ - 1 වාරෙ

2 ොඩම-ශ්‍රී ලංකායේ ජනාවාස
II යකොටස- පූර්ව ඓති ාසික යුෙයේ ජනාවාස

සැකසුම: රංජන් රුවන්ත කුමාරයේ

බෙ/ය ො/ කුඩලිෙම ම ා විද්‍යාලෙ 1
 mQ¾j ft;sydisl hq.h hkq,
m%d.a fM;sydisl hq.fha wjidkh;a fM;sydisl hq.fha
wdrïNh;a w;r ld,psfPaoh
^mQ¾j ft;sydisl hlv hq.h" uq,a hlv hq.h &

2
• ms<siaiQ ueá j<x Ndú;h
• l%uj;a iqidk pdß;% úêhla
wkq.ukh lsÍu
• .,a fuj,ï fjkqjg hlv
fuj,ï Ndú;h wdrïN lsÍu
• iaÒr ksjdi wdrïN lsÍu
• lDIsl¾udka;h weröu
3
• YS% ,xldfõ mQ¾j ft;sydisl hq.fha wdrïNh;a m%d.a
ft;sydisl hq.fha wjidkh;a w;r ixl%dka;sl iuh
ms<sno we;s oekqu iSñ;h
• fufia m%d.a ft;sydisl hq.fhkaa mQ¾j ft;sydisl
hq.hg mrsj¾;kh ùug m%n, fya;=jla f,i fndfyda
ld,hla mej;s n,md ;sfí

4
• ls% mQ 7000-4500 w;r mej;s
ol=Kq wdishd
l,dmhg n,mE foaY.=Ksl
úmrahdih n,md ;sfí
• whsia hq.h wjika ù f,dalh
Wkqiqï ùu;a iu.
• lDIslraudka;hg iqoqiq mrsir
;;ajhla we;sù ;sfnsz
• tfukau tl, Pk.ykh lemS
fmfkk f,i jraOkh ù ;sfnsz
5
 inr.uq m<df;a BidkÈ.
fldgi
• W!j m<df;a ksß;È. fldgi

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7
• úY, .,a m;=re tla ;eka fldg p;=rid%ldr yevhg
ilik ,o tlS iqidk úYd, .,a mqjrejlska wdjrKh
lr we;
• ñksia NiaudjfYaI iys; ueá j<x tu iqidk .¾Nh ;=<
;ekam;a lr ;sfí
• fïjd yeoskaùug Ys,d uxPqid fifydka hk jHjydrh
fhfoa
• Wod - oUq,a,g fkdÿre bínkalÜgqj
hdmyqfõ msysá .,afidfydka lk;a;
.f,afj,g fkdÿre há.,afmd;af;a iqidk N+ñh

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9
• ueá noqka j, NiaudjfYaI
;ekam;a lr fmd<fõ ;ekam;a
lr we;s fidfydka l=ïNSh
ksLkh hk kñka yoqkajhs

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11
 wuq ueÜfgka ilik ,o Trejl yev;s
fíiul NiaaudjfYaI ;ekam;a lsrSu
• NiaudjfYaI ;ekam;a lsrSug
u;af;ka fï ueTre ;=< weg iels,s
wdodykh lr we;
• tysoS .skakg yiqùu ksid
wuqueÜfgka ;kk ,o Tre uekúka
ms<siaiS we;
• WodyrK - fnr., y,aÿusuq,a,
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13
• fnr., iqidk N+ñh - ls%ia;= mQraj - 2400
• y,aoquq,a, iqidk N+ñh - ls%ia;= mQraj - 1750
• rxpduvu iqidk N+ñh - ls%ia;= mQraj - 1350
• Wvrxpduvu fkajdisl ia:dkh - ls%ia;= mQraj - 1129

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• md%.a ft;sydisl hq.fha .; l< ovhï
csú;h w; yer ia:sr jdiia:dk yd Pkdjdi
bos lr .ekSu isoq úh ^iaÒrjdiS;djh&
• fuu ,laIK ms<sìsUq lrk idlaIs 2009
jif¾§ tjks ksjdihla
lekSï u.ska yuqù
we;
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 ,laIK

fuu ksjdih ógr 10 20 « 6 80 m%udKfhka

wdhd; p;=ri%ldr yevfhka hqla; jQjls
tys bÈßmi iy miqmi fldgia ì;a;shlska
fjkalr ;sìKs
ì;a;s jßõÑ ueáfhka bÈlr ;sìKs
jy, b¨la fyda tjks fohlska fiú,s fldg we;
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17
• oekg jeä jYfhka leKsï lr
;sfnkafka jk neúka
ck cSú;hg wod, idlaIs iSñ;h

l< leKsï u.ska hï ;rulg

fyda woyila ,nd .; yel

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• óg wjqreÿ 3129 lg fmr bÈ lrk ,o ksjdifhys
tys we;=,; ;sî merKs j<x len,s .Kkdjla yuq
úh

• tajd w;r mska;dre lrk ,o j<olg wh;a j<x

len,s .Kkdjlao úh

• iqÿ meye;s miqìul r;= meyefhka bß fhdod tu

j<foa msg me;a; iy wäfha hg me;a; w,xldr lr
;sfí

• bß fhdod we;s iuñ;sl wdldrh wkqj tu j<o

ilfmdarej Ndú;d fldg ;kk ,oaola nj lsjyelsh

• fujeks j<ola y¨ÿuq,a, fkajdisl ia:dkfhkao

yuqù we; 19
• lekSulg ,la l< ksjdifha
uq¿q;ekaf.hs fuj,ï lsysmhla
;sìKs
• ta w;r .,a fuj,ï iy hlv
fuj,ï o úh
• NdKav tl;=fõ jeä jYfhkau
we;af;a .,a fuj,ï ùfuka hlv
Ndú;h ;ju;a kj w;a±lSula
jQ nj lsj yelsh
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• uq¿;ekaf.hs ;snQ fjk;a iqkanqka
w;r tu ksjdifha mqoa.,hska wdydr
ioyd ovhï lrk ,o i;=kaf.a
weglgqo b;sß ù ;sìKs
• fuu weglgq uqjd, ;,f.dhd, .jhd,
j,a W!rd, ovqf,akd hk i;=kag wh;a
úh
• fuu idlaIs u.ska fmkajd fokafka
lDIsld¾ñl Èúfmj;lg yqre jqjo
i;=ka ovhï lsÍu w;a fkdy, njhs 21
• ueá mn¿ lsysmhla
• ldka;djka weia wÿka ;eîug Ndú;d l< f,day
l=rla
• isrer j¾K .ekaùug Ndú;d l< ly iy r;=
.=re.,a folla
• tajd WrÉÑ lsrSug fhdod .;a weUreï .,a folla
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• hlv f,dayh Ndú; lsrSu
• ueá NdKav ksmoùfï ;dlaIKh
• ksjdi bos lsrSfï ;dlaIKh
• ueá mn¿ ksmoùfï ;dlaIKh

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• f,dayhla f,i hlv Ndú; lsrSu
wdrñN jQ ksid fuu hq.fha
jeishkag jvd;a ld¾hlaIu f,i
;ukaf.a tÈfkod lghq;= lr
.ekSug wjia:dj Wod úh
• hlv Yla;su;a f,dayhla ksid
le,E t<sfmfy<s lsÍfñ isg
fmd<j yEÍu iS iEu wd§ lghq;=
myiq úh 24
• iqÿ meye;s miqìul r;= meyefhka
bß fhdod tu j<foa msg me;a; iy
wäfha hg me;a; w,xldr lr ;sfí
• bß fhdod we;s iuñ;sl wdldrh wkqj
tu j<o ilfmdarej Ndú;d fldg
;kk ,oaola nj lsjyelsh
• fujks j<ola y,aÿuq,a, fkajdisl
ia:dkfhkao yuqù we;
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• ful, ksjdi boslsrSu wdrïN jQ
fyhska Bg wod, ;dlaIKsl oeKqu
j¾Okh úh
• fuysoS úfYaIfhka f.ìu .s,d
fkdnisk fia ilia lr .ekSu
• fmd<jg ,ïndldr jk f,i ì;a;s
ilia lsrSu wdoS foa ksjdi boslsrSfï
;dlaIKh weiqrska yoqkd.; yel
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• Wvrxpduvu lekSï lghq;= j<ska
ueá mn¿jla yuqù we;
• tu.ska fmkakqï lrkqfha mn¿
ksmoùfï ;dlaIKh ta hq.fha
mej;s njhs
• mn¿jla ksmoùu hkq iQlaIu
;dlaIKhla wjYH ls%hdj,shls

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28
• Ys% ,xldfõ ft;sydisl hq.hg wh;a uq,a
wjêfha Pkdjdi m<sno úia;r
ft;sydisl uq,dY% j, ioyka fõ
• tfy;a tu Pkdjdi msysá ;eka yoqkd
.ekSug tu uQ,dY% j,% f;dr;=re
m%udKj;a fkdjqk;a tu Pkdjdi j,
iajrEmh yoqkd .ekSug hï msájy,la
,efí
• mqrd úoHd;aul idlaIs u.ska mqrdK
Pkdjdi j, jHdma;sh yd tajdg wod,
fjk;a f;dr;=re ,efí
• Ys% ,xldj mqrd jHdma;j we;s jejla
flakao% lr.;a .ï jeõ weiqrska furg
;snQ Pkdjdi jHdma;sh yoqkd .; yel
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 Pkdjdi jHdma;sh g n,mE m%Odk
idOl

• jd¾Isl j¾Idm;k w.h

• mfia iajNdjh
• N+ úIu;djh
• iajNdúl iïm;a j, jHdma;sh
• c,jykh
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• uq,a fM;sydisl hq.fha ckdjdi jHdma; jQfha
YS% ,xldfõ úh<s foaY.=Khla we;s m%foaY
j,hs
• jd¾Isla j¾Idm;kh ñ,s,Sgr 1000-1250 la
,efnk úh<s l,dmh f,i;a
• ñ,s,Sgr 1000 g wvq m%foaY Y=Ial l,dmh
f,i;a ie,fla
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• lDIsl¾uh ioyd wjYH lrk c,h j¾Ih mqrd
fkd,nqk;a uQ,sl ckdjdi jHdma; jQfha úh<s
l,dmfhah
• tys mfia ;sfnk idrj;a nj ksidh r;= ÿUqre mi
hkqfjka hkqfjka yeÈkafjk úh<s l,dmfha jeä
m%foaYhla mqrd mej;s we;s mi lDIsl¾uhg jvd;a
iqÿiq jQjls

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• fuu m%foaY j,g lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= ioyd wjYHh
c,h ,efnk m%Odk ud¾. folla ;sìKs bka m%Odk
jQfha
• iajdNdúl .x.d u.ska ,efnk c,ho úh<s ld,fha§
hï ;rulg m%fhdackj;a úh
• tfy;a .x.d c,h lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= ioyd fhdod
.ekSfï§ .x.d yryd wuqKq ne§u /ia lr.;a c,h
wjYH ;eka j,g f.khdu ioyd we< ud¾. ;ekSu
wd§ foa ld,h ;dlaIKh yd Y%uh jehjk ls%hdjla
ksid jeä keUrejla ±lajQfha jeõ ;ekSfuka c,h
/ialr .ekSughs
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• uq,a fM;sydisl hq.fha
Pkdjdi me;sfrkafka
.x.d ksïk j, fkdj
Bg msg;ska msysá
m%foaYj,h

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• .x.d c,h lDIsld¾ñl lghq;=
ioyd fhdod .ekSfï§ .x.d
yryd wuqKq ne§u /ia lr.;a
c,h wjYH ;eka j,g f.khdu
ioyd we< ud¾. ;ekSu wd§ foa
ld,h ;dlaIKh yd Y%uh
jehjk ls%hdjla ksid
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• .x.d yria fldg wuqKq ne`o c,h jeõ lrd f.k hdfuka
.xj;=r md,kh lsÍu wdrïN jQfha l%sia;= mq¾j m<uqjk
ishjfia w.Nd.fha § fyda l%sia;= j¾Ifhka m<uqjk
ishjfia § úh hq;= h
^l%s'j 33-43& iufha
lsß`ÈTh yria fldg wuqKla ne`o ;sfí
• l=reKE., Èia;%slalfha msysá .fkalkao úydrfha iy
.,af,k úydrfha ;sfnk .,a.=yd foll fldgd we;s
hk jpkh oelafõ tys woyi wuqK
hkak hs 36
37
• jeis P,fhka fmdaIKh jk l=vd jeõ flakao% lr .ksñka
.x.d j, msgdr ksïkhg msg;ska jq m%foaY j, jHdma; jQ
.ï tlsfklg iajdëk jQ tajdh
• jejla flakao% lr.;a .ï idys;H uQ,dY% j,
f,i olajd we;
uydjxifha"
iqukjdms.du
úydrjdms.du
yqkaoßjdms.du
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• lisldr.du - f.dúhka úiQ .ï
• uKsldr.du - ueKsla lemQ fyda ueKsla .erE
wh cSj;a jQ .ï
• f.damd,.du - f.dfmd,a,ka úiQ .ï
• flajgsg.du - ëjrhka úiQ .ï
• l=ïNldr.du - j<x idokakka úiQ .ï
• jâVlS.du - jvqjka úiQ .ï
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• mÜGdk.du - jrdh wdYs%; .ï

• kshï.ï - fj<o .ï

• T<.ï - ck;dj úiska w;ayer ±uQ jeõ .ï

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• úúO N+f.da,Sh m%foaYj, mej;s iajNdúl
iïm;aj, iq,n;dj u; mokï úh
• l=vd m%udKfha .ul úYd,;ajh idudkHfhka
fylaghdr 015 lg jvd jeä fkdù h
• uOHu m%udKfha .%dóh ckdjdihla fylaghdr 2 l
m%udKhla jQ w;r úYd, kd.ßl ckdjdihla
fylaghdr 2 lg jvd úYd, úh
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• idudkHfhka .ul mjq,a 5-6 ;a w;r
m%udKhla jdih lf<a h'
• we;eï úYd, m%udKfha .ïj, mjq,a
30 la úiq nj idys;H uQ,dY%hj,
oelafõ'
• we;eï .ï jeglska wdrlaId lr ;snQ
w;r tjks .ï f,i
yÿkajhs
• jeglska wdrlaId lr fkd;snQ .ï
f,i yÿkajhs
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• úYd, kd.rsl .ï yeoskaùug hk moh fhdok ,oS

• ls%ia;= mQ¾j 250 ;rï wE; ld,hl§ rÑ; n%dyó fi,a,smshl

hkqfjka ;k;=re kduhla yÿkd .; yels w;r thska woyia jkafka
k.rfha m%Odk jdia;= Ys,amshdhs

• m<uqjk úchndyq rcqg wh;a mkdlvqj ;U ikakfia wkqrdOmqrh kï

lsÍug hk moh

• l%sia;= j¾Ifhka yhjk ishji jk úg merKs ud.u k.rfha iy Bg

;okqnoaO kd.ßl ckdjdij, wju ;rñka 35 000 l ck.ykhla úiQ
njg o< jYfhka .Kkh lr ;sfí
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• klr fyj;a k.r hkqfjka yeÈkajQ ckdjdi úfYaIhla .ek
furg mqrdK;u fi,a,sms j, ioyka fjhs
• fuu k.r hkqfjka yÿkajd ;sfnkafka .u;a mqrh;a w;r
ckdjdi jHQyhls
• .ï j, ksIamdokh lrk foA fj<odu msKsi uy k.r fj;
f.k hdu iïnka§lrKh isÿ jQfha fuu w;rueo
ckdjdifhks
• tAjd m%udKfhka .ulg jvd uola úYd, fjhs

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• .ula hkq mjq,a lsysmhlska ieÿï ,;a
talljls
• mjq,la ksfhdackh lrkafka .Dy m;shd
úisks
• .Dym;shka lsysm fofkl= ieÿï ,;a
lKavdhu fjkqfjka .ñl lghq;= lrhs
• .ï m%Odkska oifofkl=f.ka hq;a uKav,h
oi.ï we;a;ka f,i yÿkajhs

45
 oi.ï we;a;ka

• .ïm%OdkSka oifofkl=f.ka iukaú; jQ

uKaav,hla uÕska .ï lsysmhlska ieÿï ,;a
m%foaYhl mßmd,khg iïnkaO .eg¨
úi`§fuys ksr; úh

• fi,a,smsj, fuu uKav,h y÷kajd § ;sfnkafka hk

jHjydrfhks'
• ud;f,a Èia;%slalhg wh;a oUq,af,a msysá
i`oyka lr
;sfnkafka tu úydrfha
oi.ï we;a;ka /ia ù tu .eg¿j úi`Èh
hq;= nj hs'
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• wkqrdOmqrfhka merKs .%dóh
ksjdihl kgnqka yuqù we;
• fuu ksjdih jßÑÑ ì;a;sfhka iy
fld< w;= mshiailska iukaú;
me,am;ah
• jgl=re yevfha yd y;/ia yevfha
w;a;sjdrï fihdf.k ;sfí
• ;siaiuydrdufha j<.ïm;a;=j .ñka
merKs ksjdihl kgnqka yuq ù we;
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 fyaka f.dú;ek m%Odk úh
 lgqir fnda. j.d lrkq ,eìKs
Wod- l=rlalka ;, fufkaß iy
;Kyd,a
 ck.ykh j¾Okh jk úg .ï
jeõ bÈ lsÍug fm<Uùula we;s
úh

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