Data Collection and Sampling Techniques

Learning Objectives Example 1: Data Collection

By the end of this module, students will be able to: Scenario: You want to know the most popular hobby in your class.
1. Understand the importance of data collection in statistics.  Method: Conduct a survey by asking your classmates about their hobbies.
2. Differentiate between various data collection methods. Example 2: Sampling Techniques
3. Identify and apply different sampling techniques. Scenario: A school wants to know the average height of students.
4. Explain the importance of representative samples in data analysis.  Random Sampling: Randomly select 50 students.
 Systematic Sampling: Measure the height of every 10th student in the roster.
Lesson Content  Stratified Sampling: Divide students by grade level and select a proportional
1. Introduction to Data Collection number from each grade.
 Definition: Data collection is the process of gathering information for analysis.
 Purpose: To gather accurate and relevant data for informed decision-making or
problem-solving. Comparing Data Collection Methods with Sampling Techniques
 Types of Data: Aspect Data Collection Sampling Techniques
o Qualitative Data: Non-numerical information (e.g., colors, opinions).
Definition Gathering information for Selecting a subset of a population for
o Quantitative Data: Numerical information (e.g., height, weight, scores).
analysis. study.
2. Data Collection Methods
Focus What method to use for Who to include in the data collection
 Survey: Asking questions to gather information (e.g., questionnaires).
gathering information. process.
 Observation: Watching and recording behaviors or events.
 Experimentation: Conducting experiments to gather specific data.
 Interview: Collecting data by speaking directly with individuals. Examples Surveys, observations, Random sampling, systematic sampling,
3. Sampling Techniques interviews, experiments. stratified sampling, etc.
Sampling is used when it is not practical to collect data from an entire population.
Common Sampling Techniques: Purpose To obtain reliable and accurate To efficiently study a representative
1. Random Sampling: information. portion of the population.
o Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
o Example: Drawing lots or using a random number generator.
2. Systematic Sampling:
o Select members at regular intervals (e.g., every 5th person).
3. Stratified Sampling:
o Divide the population into groups (strata) and take a proportional sample
from each group.
o Example: In a school, sampling based on grade levels.
4. Cluster Sampling:
o Divide the population into clusters, then randomly select entire clusters for
sampling.
o Example: Selecting specific neighborhoods in a city.
5. Convenience Sampling:
o Select members based on ease of access.
o Example: Asking friends or classmates.
Creating and Analyzing a Frequency Distribution Table 3. Calculate the Relative Frequency: Divide the frequency of each category by the
total frequency (sum of all frequencies).
Objective(s): o Total Frequency = 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 10
At the end of this activity, the learner should be able to:
a. Determine category and frequency, 4
b. Compute for the relative frequency, and o Relative Frequency for Apple: =0.4
10
c. Compute for the percentage of each category in the frequency distribution table.
3
Learning Materials: o Relative Frequency for Banana: =0.3
1. Pen and paper 10
2. Calculator
3. A set of sample data for practice (can be provided or collected by students) 2
o Relative Frequency for Orange: =0.2
10
Activity Steps:
Step 1: Understand the Basics of a Frequency Distribution Table 1
o Relative Frequency for Grape: =0.1
 Category: These are the distinct groups or classes in the data. For example, grades, 10
colors, or ranges of test scores.
 Frequency: This is the number of times each category appears in the dataset. 4. Compute the Percentage: Multiply the relative frequency by 100 to get the
 Relative Frequency: The ratio of the frequency of a category to the total frequency. percentage.
It is calculated as: Relative Frequency=Frequency of a CategoryTotal Frequency\ o Apple: 0.4 × 100 = 40%
text{Relative Frequency} = \frac{\text{Frequency of a Category}}{\text{Total o Banana: 0.3 × 100 = 30%
Frequency}}Relative Frequency=Total FrequencyFrequency of a Category o Orange: 0.2 × 100 = 20%
 Percentage: The percentage of each category, calculated as: o Grape: 0.1 × 100 = 10%
Percentage=Relative Frequency×100\text{Percentage} = \text{Relative Frequency} \
times 100Percentage=Relative Frequency×100
Category Frequency Relative Frequency Percentage
Step 2: Example Dataset
Below is a sample dataset showing the number of students choosing different types of Apple 4 0.4 40%
favorite fruits: Banana 3 0.3 30%
Dataset: Apple, Banana, Apple, Orange, Banana, Apple, Orange, Banana, Grape, Apple Orange 2 0.2 20%
Grape 1 0.1 10%
Step 3: Construct the Frequency Distribution Table
Total 10 1.0 100%
1. Organize the Data into Categories: Identify the unique categories in the dataset.
o Categories: Apple, Banana, Orange, Grape
2. Count the Frequency: Count how many times each category appears in the dataset.
o Apple: 4
o Banana: 3
o Orange: 2
o Grape: 1
 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
B. Solve Word Problems and Create Frequency Distribution Tables:
I. Activity No. 1: Lesson Activity
II. Objective(s): Problem 1: Dona conducted a survey about the preferred Student Government presidents of
At the end of this activity, the learner should be able to: Grade 7 students from a school. Among the 140 respondents, 15% preferred Lloyd, 20% for
a. Determine category and frequency, Emily, 15% for Anne, 15% for Patricia, 30% for Emmanuel, and the rest for Keith.
b. Compute for the relative frequency, and Solution:
c. Compute for the percentage of each category in the frequency distribution table. 1. Convert percentages to frequencies.
Example:
III. Materials Needed: Frequency for Lloyd=140×0.15=21
 Pen 2. Complete the table:
 Calculator Category Frequency Relative Frequency Percentage
Lloyd 21 15%
IV. Instructions:
A. Complete the frequency distribution table below. Show your complete solution. Emily 28 20%
Category Frequency Relative Frequency Percentage Anne 21 15%
Male 45 Patricia 21 15%
Female 37 Emmanuel 42 30%
Total 82 1.0 100% Keith 7 5%
Total 140 1.0 100%
1. Compute the Relative Frequency:
Problem 2:
Solution: In a survey for the Outstanding Faculty of the Year, 60 students voted for Ms. Luz, 25
students voted for Mr. Henry, and 35 students voted for Ms. Lina.
a. Total students:

Total=60+25+35=120

b. Compute percentages:
2. Compute the Percentage:
o Ms. Luz : _______________________________________

o Mr. Henry: ______________________________________

o Ms. Lina: _______________________________________

c. Frequency Table:
Category Frequency Relative Frequency Percentage
Ms. Luz 60 V. Synthesis/Extended Practice
Reflection Questions:
Mr. Henry 25
1. How did you compute the percentage of each category in the distribution?
Ms. Lina 35 ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Total 120 1.0 100% ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Problem 3:
The Supreme Student Government (SSG) surveyed Senior High School students about 2. What challenges did you encounter while completing the activity?
attending the Promenade. The data gathered was: 40 will attend, 25 will not attend, and the ____________________________________________________________________
rest are undecided (out of 135). ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
3. How can this activity be applied in real-world situations?
b. Percentages: ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Will attend: ______________________ ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Will not attend: __________________ ____________________________________________________________________

Undecided: _____________________

c. Frequency Table:
Category Frequency Relative Frequency Percentage Prepared by:

Will attend 40 MARK CHRISTIAN S. BIEN

Subject Teacher

Will not attend 25

Undecided 70

Total 135 1.0 100%

 PERSONAL PROFILE

NAME: _______________________
Mathematics
Quarter 3 – Module

Name: ____________________________ Grade & Section: ________________

Address: __________________________ CP # : _________________________