Here is a list of intermediate math formulas across various topics:
Algebra
1. Quadratic Formula:
x=−b±b2−4ac2ax = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a}
Used to solve quadratic equations of the form ax2+bx+c=0ax^2 + bx + c = 0.
2. Sum of Arithmetic Series:
Sn=n2×(2a+(n−1)⋅d)S_n = \frac{n}{2} \times (2a + (n-1) \cdot d)
Where aa is the first term, dd is the common di erence, and nn is the number of terms.
3. Sum of Geometric Series:
Sn=a(1−rn)1−r(for r≠1)S_n = \frac{a(1 - r^n)}{1 - r} \quad \text{(for } r \neq 1\text{)}
Where aa is the first term and rr is the common ratio.
4. Binomial Expansion:
(a+b)n=∑k=0n(nk)an−kbk(a + b)^n = \sum_{k=0}^{n} \binom{n}{k} a^{n-k} b^k
Expands expressions like (a+b)n(a+b)^n.
Trigonometry
1. Basic Trigonometric Identities:
o sin2θ+cos2θ=1\sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta = 1
o tanθ=sinθcosθ\tan \theta = \frac{\sin \theta}{\cos \theta}
o sec2θ=1+tan2θ\sec^2 \theta = 1 + \tan^2 \theta
o csc2θ=1+cot2θ\csc^2 \theta = 1 + \cot^2 \theta
2. Area of a Triangle (using sine):
A=12absinCA = \frac{1}{2}ab \sin C
Where aa and bb are two sides, and CC is the included angle.
3. Double Angle Formulas:
o sin(2θ)=2sin(θ)cos(θ)\sin(2\theta) = 2\sin(\theta)\cos(\theta)
o cos(2θ)=cos2(θ)−sin2(θ)\cos(2\theta) = \cos^2(\theta) -
\sin^2(\theta)
Calculus
1. Power Rule (Di erentiation):
ddxxn=nxn−1\frac{d}{dx} x^n = n x^{n-1}
2. Product Rule (Di erentiation):
ddx(u⋅v)=u′⋅v+u⋅v′\frac{d}{dx}(u \cdot v) = u' \cdot v + u \cdot v'
Where uu and vv are functions of xx.
3. Chain Rule (Di erentiation):
ddxf(g(x))=f′(g(x))⋅g′(x)\frac{d}{dx} f(g(x)) = f'(g(x)) \cdot g'(x)
4. Integral of Power Functions:
∫xndx=xn+1n+1+C(n≠−1)\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} + C \quad (n \neq -1)
5. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus:
∫abf(x)dx=F(b)−F(a)\int_a^b f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)
Where FF is the antiderivative of .
Geometry
1. Area of a Circle:
A=πr2A = \pi r^2
Where rr is the radius.
2. Circumference of a Circle:
C=2πrC = 2\pi r
3. Pythagorean Theorem:
a2+b2=c2a^2 + b^2 = c^2
For a right-angled triangle, where cc is the hypotenuse.
4. Volume of a Cylinder:
V=πr2hV = \pi r^2 h
Where rr is the radius of the base and hh is the height.
5. Surface Area of a Sphere:
A=4πr2A = 4\pi r^2
6. Volume of a Sphere:
V=43πr3V = \frac{4}{3}\pi r^3
Probability and Statistics
1. Probability of an Event:
P(A)=Number of favorable outcomesTotal number of outcomesP(A) =
\frac{\text{Number of favorable outcomes}}{\text{Total number of outcomes}}
2. Combination Formula:
C(n,r)=n!r!(n−r)!C(n, r) = \frac{n!}{r!(n-r)!}
The number of ways to choose rr objects from nn objects without regard to the order.
3. Permutation Formula:
P(n,r)=n!(n−r)!P(n, r) = \frac{n!}{(n-r)!}
The number of ways to arrange rr objects from nn objects.
4. Standard Deviation:
σ=1n∑i=1n(xi−μ)2\sigma = \sqrt{\frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i - \mu)^2}
Where μ\mu is the mean of the data and xix_i are the data points.
These formulas cover a wide range of topics in intermediate mathematics. Let me know
if you'd like more specific formulas or further explanations!
