Name: ………………………………………………Index No: ……………………..

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Candidate’s Signature:……………………………. Date: ……………….……………..…

231/2
BIOLOGY
Paper 2
July/August 2015
Time: 2 Hours

COMA JET 2015

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
BIOLOGY
Paper 2
July/August 2015
Time: 2 Hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES

 Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
 Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
 This paper consists of two sections; A and B.
 Answer all the questions in Section A in the spaces provided.
 In section B, answer question 6(compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces
provided after question 8.

For Examiner’s Use Only:-

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S
SCORE
A 1 8
2 8
3 8
4 8
5 8
B 6 20
7 20
8 20
TOTAL SCORE 80
 SECTION A (40 MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1. The figure below shows apparatus at the start of an experiment to investigate the
digestion of an emulsion of fat droplets in water by enzyme A.

Partially permeable
membrane

Partially permeable
membrane

Water + pH indicator

Tightly tied
The pH indicator is green in a pH of 7, blue when the pH is above 7 and red when it is
below 7. The apparatus is kept at 40 oC for 20 minutes during which time the indicator
changes from green to red.
(a) Describe how the products of fat digestion enter a person’s blood. (1mk)
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(b) (i) State the identity of enzyme A. (1mk)
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(ii) Explain why the apparatus was kept at 40oC. (1mk)
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(c) Name the products of digestion of the emulsion by enzyme A. (2mks)
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(d) Describe the process which led to the change in pH (3mks)
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2. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

B B

(a) Name the part labelled E. (1mk)

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(b) What are the functions of the part labelled A. (2mks)
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(c) Which part of the structure responds to:
(i) Progesterone ……………………………………………………………….. (1mk)
(ii) Oxytocin ………………………………………………………………….. (1mk)
(d) Which type of cell division occurs in structure B and not structure labeled E.
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(e)State two functions of testosterone (2mks)
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3. The hemophilia is an X- linked recessive condition. The following pedigree shows a
portion of a family in which members have hemophilia. Use H for non-hemophilia
h for hemophilia.
A B
Normal male

Haemophiliac male

Normal female

Normal carrier
1 2
Haemophiliac female

4
 (a) Identify the genotypes of parents A and B.
A……………………………………………………………………….. (1mk)
B………………………………………………………………………. (1mk)
(b) What is the genotype of offspring number 1 (1mk)
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(c) A carrier woman marries a hemophiliac man. What is the probability that the
couple will have a son who is hemophiliac show your working.
(4mks)

(d) Name one defect of non-disjunction chromosomal mutation (1mk)

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4. The diagram below shows a front view of the iris and pupil of the eye.

Radial muscle

Pupil
Circular muscle

(a) Complete the table below to show what happens to the structure shown when the eye
is in. (6mks)
Structure Darkness Bright light
Radial muscles
Circular muscles
Size of pupil.

(b) Explain how myopia can be corrected. (2mks)

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5. The diagram below represents the direction of flow of water over the gills of a fish and
the flow of blood in a capillary in the gills the percentage oxygen in solution at
points A, B, P, Q and R is given in the table below the diagram. The percentage
hemoglobin saturation is also given at positions P, Q and R.
Water
A B

Q P
R

Blood to blood Blood from heart

Position % oxygen in solution % Hb saturation with O2

A 10 ____
B 7 ____
P 4 55
Q 7 85
R 6 95

(a) Why is the percentage of oxygen lowest at P? (1mk)

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(b) State with reasons, what this data suggest what will happen to oxygen in the water at
position B ? (2mks)
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(c) Why is the percentage of oxygen, in solution lower at R than at Q ? (1mk)
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(d) Suppose the direction of blood was opposite the above, suggest the disadvantage of
this arrangement as compared to the one above. (1mk)
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 (e) The principle whereby the blood flows in the opposite direction to that of another
fluid is known as counter-current effect (flow). Give two examples where this effect
occurs in the human body (2mks)
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(f) Name any structure of gaseous exchange in the leaves of plants? (1mk)
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SECTION B (40 MARKS)
Answer question 6(compulsory) and either question 7 or 8 in the spaces provided after
question 8.
6. The relationship between oxygen concentration, sugar consumption and potassium ion
uptake in isolated wheat roots was determined. The results obtained were
tabulated as shown below. The loss of sugar and potassium uptake or gain are in
arbitrary units.

Percentage oxygen in aerotun stream

0 5 10 15 20 30 100
Sugar loss 15 20 43 45 45 44 43
Potassium ion gain 5 55 70 75 75 72 70

(a) Plot graphs of sugar loss and potassium ions gain against oxygen concentration on the
same axes. (6mks)
 (b) Name the process by which potassium ions is taken by the roots. Give reason for your
answer (4mks)
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(c) Account for sugar loss and potassium ions gain.
(i) 0% oxygen concentration (2mks)
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(ii) Between 5% and 20% oxygen concentration (2mks)
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(d) Suggest two factors necessary for the above process apart from oxygen (2mks)
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(e) State two ways by which the process above can be stopped (2mks)
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(f) Name two main areas in a mammalian body where the above process occurs. (2mks)
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7. Determine how the differentiated structures in the mammalian skin are adapted to the

functions. (20mks)
8. State and explain how various hormones regulate growth and development of plants.

(20mks)
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