PETIT SEMINAIRE VIRGO FIDELIS DE BUTARE
CLASSES: S3A&B
Instruction: Attempt all questions and respect the order of the
questions.
BIOLOGY AND HEALTH SCIENCE HOLIDAY EXERCISES 2ND TERM/2024
(1) The growth of rhizobium bacteria in the roots of bean plants is an
example of (1Mark)
a. Symbiosis b. parasitism c. saprophytism d. nitrogen fixation
(2) In an ecosystem, plants are referred to as producers because they
(1Mark)
a. produce proteins b. produce oxygen and take carbon dioxide
c. can convert sugars into starch d. make organic compounds from
inorganic substances
(3) Which of the following best explains symbiosis? (1Mark)
a. two organisms living in close association, which may or may not be of
benefit to both
b. two organisms living in close association with great benefit to one but
causing harm to the other
c. two organisms living in close association, to the benefit of both organisms
d. two organisms living in close association, to the benefit of one and having
no apparent on the other
(4) (a) State four characteristics (adaptations) of respiratory surfaces of
living organisms (4Marks)
1) Thin: the air sacs' walls are exceedingly thin, allowing gases to readily
diffuse through them. Carbon dioxide is exhaled and oxygen is taken into
the bloodstream.
2) Moist: The mucus lining of the air sacs is moist, allowing gases to
break down before dispersing.
3) Large surface area: The alveoli assist in increasing the surface area
available for oxygen absorption.
4) Alveoli have a wide capillary network that allows huge volumes of
gases to be exchanged. The greater the blood flow, the greater the gas
exchange.
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(b) Give the respiratory surface for each of the following organisms
(4Marks)
(i) Fish: gills (ii) Earthworm: skin (iii) Human: lungs (iv) Frog: skin and
lungs
(5) Study the following diagram given below:
a) Label the parts A, B, C and D of human excretory system (4Marks)
A: kidney B: ureter C: urinary bladder D: urethra
b) The table below shows some excretory organs and their respective
excretory products.
Copy and complete the table (4Marks)
Excretory organs Excretory wastes
Lungs Carbon dioxide
kidney Urine
Liver bile
Skin sweat
(c)What are the practice that promote a healthy urinary system
(4Marks)
(6) (a) Define the following ecological terms
i) Community (1Mark)
ii) Ecosystem (1Mark)
(b) By giving an example distinguish between abiotic factors from biotic
factors(2Marks)
Biotic factors are living things within an ecosystem; such as
plants, animals, and bacteria, while abiotic are non-living
components; such as water, soil and atmosphere.
(c) Study the following food relationship below and then answer the
questions that follow
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i) Construct a food chain in which the python is a quaternary
consumer. (2Marks)
ii) Describe the immediate effects that will be felt in the
above ecosystem if an epidemic killed all the fowls.
(2Marks)
iii) Identify a producer and a secondary consumer. (4Marks)
(7) (a) Outline two examples of magnifying instruments (1Mark)
(b)(i) 20cm of original leaf was increased until to get 100cm of a
diagram. Calculate the magnification (1Mark)
(ii)X400 is the total magnification used to observe a specimen.
Calculate the magnification power of objective lens if the power of eye piece
used is x20 (1Mark)
(8)(a) Where does respiration occur? (1mark)
(b) Outline any four applications of anaerobic respiration (2 marks)
(c) List any three differences between aerobic and anaerobic respirations
1marks
(9) Some crops have become so much resistant to weed. How can this be
related to genetic engineering? Explain (2Marks)
(10) In the table state the component of blood and the function of each
component. (4marks)
(11) Plants need minerals salts;
(a) Through which parts do mineral salts get into the plant? (1mark)
(b)Explain why water is important in this process (2marks)
(12) A woman gave birth in a hospital but there was a problem identifying
their child. Both the woman and the husband think their child has been
switched for another. If the woman is blood group B and the man blood
group A. Use genetic crosses to support or disagree with their allegations
given that their child is blood group O. (Use the symbols I A,IB,IO)
(4marks)
(13)(a)Explain why enzymes are specific. (1Mark)
(b) Give any four factors that affect the rate of enzymatic reaction
(2Marks)
SECTION B : ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS /30MARKS
(14) Define the term variation (1Mark)
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(b)Distinguish between beneficial variations and non-beneficial variations.
(2marks)
(c) (i) Differentiate the continuous and discontinuous variations(3Marks)
(ii) The followings are examples of variations. In the form of the table
group them into continuous and discontinuous variations
Leaf venation, blood group, sex, height, skin colour, size of fruit and seed,
finger print, stem diameter (4Marks)
(15)(a) Explain the role of the following hormones in woman menstrual cycle
5marks
(i) Follicle stimulating (iii) Progesterone
hormone(FSH) (iv)Oestrogen
(ii) Luteinizing hormone
(LH)
(b) Discuss the roles of hormones produced by pancreas (2marks)
(c) Compare the endocrine system from nervous system
(16) When somebody steps on the hot charcoal there is sudden removal of
the foot. As someone who has studied receptors and nervous system:
(a) (i) What is a reflex action? (1mark)
(ii) Explain the process from stepping on charcoal up to the removal of foot.
(5marks)
(b) What is the effectors organ in this process? (1mark)
(c) What is the receptor organ in the above process? (1mark)
(d) Name the part of brain (2marks)
(i) Involved in temperature control
(ii) Maintain the body balance and posture
(17)(a) Differentiate the pairs of the following terms (6marks)
(i) Homozygous and heterozygous
(ii) Genotype and phenotype
(iii) Allele and gene
(b) In a certain breeding experiment, tall plants were crossed with dwarf
plants. They produced 106 tall plants and 104 dwarf plants. Using
appropriate letter symbols.
(i) State the parental genotypes. (2marks)
(ii) State the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratio if the offspring were
selfed. (2marks)
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(18) (a) Study the diagram below and answer the following questions:
2
i) Name the parts labelled 1, 5,7, 10, 13,14 (3marks)
ii) Give the function of 9, 13, 8 and 2. (2marks)
iii) Using arrows show the direction of blood in the above diagram.
(2marks)
(b) Discuss the advantages of double circulatory system over the single
circulatory system (3marks)
(19) (a) For each of the following digestive substance name the site of its
productions and one importance. (4marks)
Digestive Site of production Importance
substance
Bile
Amylase
Lipase
Hydrochloric acid
(b) Explain how the structure of ileum is suited to carry out its functions (6
Marks)
(20) (a)Explain, Using a diagram, what would happen if you set up an
experiment with a partially permeable bag containing strong sugar solution
in a beaker full of pure water. (Draw and explain the process that will take
place). (5marks)
(b) Explain the significance of the above experiment for the living organisms
(5marks)
(c) You are provided with a solution which is suspected to contain non
reducing sugar. Describe the possible tests you can carry out to confirm that
it is a non-reducing sugar. (5marks)
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(21) Given that the following specialized cell
Cell A
CellB
CellC
a)Name the cells above
b)copy it and put it the parts name
c) List three ways in which cells A are suited to their function.
(22) Fill in the blanks (5marks)
(a) The …………….removes excess sugar by converting it into urinary bladder
(liver/kidney)
(b) The urine passes through the………into urinary bladder (nephrons/ureter)
(c) A darker outer region of mammalian kidney is called the…………
(medulla/cortex)
(d) Each nephron consists of a cup-shaped ………..capsules
(Bowman’s/cortex)
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(e) The longer the loop, the …………will be the concentration of urine
(lower/higher)
(23)Match the description in column A with the correct term in column B
(5Marks)
Column A Column B
(a)Reproductio (i)Change the part or all part of the body
n
(b)Movement (ii)Producing fertilizing off spring
(c) Growth (iii)Using food molecules and Oxygen to get energy
(d)Respiration (iv)Responding to environment
(e) Sensitivity (v)Getting large or more developed
(24) Which of the sets below consists of respiratory gas only (1Mark)
a) Oxygen and Argon c) Carbon dioxide and
Hydrogen
b) Oxygen and Carbon dioxide
(25) List three importances of flowering plants? (3Marks)
(26) Suggest why it is difficult to decide whether viruses are living
organism? (4Marks)
(27) (a) The word fungi is from Latin word fungus meaning mushroom. The
kingdom fungi consist of organism such as yeast, mushroom state three
economic importances of kingdom fungi? (3Marks)
(b) Give 2 diseases caused by protozoa? (2Marks)
(28) (a) Functional unit formed by a group of specialized Tissue is known as
……. (1Mark)
i) an organ system ii) Tissue iii) an organelle i v) Organ
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(b) The following term are used in level of organization in organism, Tissue,
Organ, Cell, Organ system, Organism arrange them in their increasing order
size from the smallest to the biggest (2Marks)
(29 )Give three similarities and three differences between plant cell and
animal cell. (3Marks)
(30) (a) What is balance diet? (1Mark)
(b) Fill in the following table (3Marks)
Food Substance lacking in diet Deficiency diseases
Calcium …………………………..
……………… Scurvy
Iodine ……………….
(31) (a) Write the dental formula for an adult human.
(2marks)
(b) Suggest four practices that favor good functioning of the human digestive
system. (4marks)
(32) The figure below shows one of the stages of mitosis of a cell division.
a) Which stage is represented in the figure? (1mark)
b) Names the structures A and B. (2marks)
c) Describe the behavior of chromosomes at this stage. 2 marks
d) Explain the differences between mitosis and meiosis.5 marks
(33)(a) What is meant by the term a cell? 2marks
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(b) During the observation of a cell, a microscope whose eye piece
magnification is x10 and the one of its objective lens of x25 was adjusted.
Calculate the total magnification under which the cell was observed.
2marks
c) In multicellular organisms, cells are differentiated to perform specific
function. Explain the functions of the following specialized cells:
(5marks)
i) Red blood cells iv) Root hair cells
ii) White blood cells v) Sperm cells
iii) Nerve cells
Describe the functions of liver
(34) A student wrote the scientific name of Zea Mays
i) Identify the mistakes that the student made and write the correct
scientific name of maize 2mark
ii) What is the Genus of maize? /2 marks
Iii) What is the species of maize? /2 marks
(35)(a). How is transpiration different from translocation (2marks)
(b) What are the factors affecting the rate of transpiration (3marks)
(c) How does hydrophytes plants adapt in their environment? (3marks)
(36) (a) The diagram below shows the human skeleton. Humans have a
bonny endoskeleton
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i. Name the structures labelled A and B (2marks)
ii. What is the function of part C? (1mark)
b. Give the name of one animal which has an exoskeleton (1mark)
c. The diagram below shows bones and some of the muscles in a human
arm
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i. Describe what will happen to the arm when X contracts? (1marks)
ii. What is the function of muscle Y ? ( 2marks)
iii. Muscle X and mascle Y are antagonistic. What does this mean?
(2marks)
(37) (a) In what phase do cells spend most of their time? (1 mark)
(b) The diploid number of some organisms are shown in the table
below.
Organism Diploid number
Human being 46
Organism X 30
Peas 20
Mouse 14
(i) What chromosome number would you found in the kidney cells in
human being? (1 mark)
(ii) What chromosome number would you found in a leaf of peas?
( 1mark)
(iii) State the haploid number in the mouse and in organism X (1 mark)
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(38) (a) Distinguish between active immunity and passive immunity ( 2
marks)
(b) Distinguish between first line of body defense from second line of
body defense.2marks
(39) Insulin hormone is used to manage diabetic condition. Suggest reasons
why insulin is not taken orally during its administration. (2marks)
(40) a. Give the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration ( 4
marks)
b. Describe the importance of anaerobic respiration in our daily life. ( 6
marks)
(41) Describe how small intestine is adapted to its functions ( 10 marks)
(42) (a) Describe the following types of nutrition. In each type, give an
example of an organism or organisms in which it takes place.
(i) Holozoic nutrition
(2marks)
(ii) Saprophytism
(2marks)
(iii) Parasitism
(2marks)
(b) (i) Human salivary glands produce amylase. Name one other organ in
humans that produces amylase. (1mark)
(ii) What is the role of amylase in humans?
(1mark)
(iii) In an experiment with salivary amylase, a student investigated the
effect of increasing the temperature from 0ºC to 60ºC. How would
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you expect the activity of the salivary amylase to change over
this range of temperature? (1mark)
(c) Explain why most food eaten by humans needs to be digested before it
can be absorbed (1mark)
(43) (a) draw a table with two columns to compare arteries and veins
(6marks)
(b) Explain why the left ventricle must have a muscular wall than the right
ventricle. (2marks)
(c) Give reasons why the arteries must be have thick and elastic wall
compared to veins.(2marks)
(44) Student carried an experiment to investigate to investigate how a gas
is given out during a biological experiment
a. Give the name of the gas X (1mark)
b. Where does the gas above come from? (1 mark)
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c. Which biological process is being investigated that produce the gas X
(1 mark)
d. Mention at least four factors that enhance the production of the gas X
(4 marks)
e. What would happen if the apparatus was kept in the dark place?
(1mark)
f. Why the process you said in (c) above would reduce if there is
deficiency of magnesium ( 2mark)
GOOD LUCK!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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