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Basic Science (Physics) 311305

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Basic Science (Physics) 311305

is this the notes of physics

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siddhartha12009bhandari
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mM (iii) g vrs ord objggiWith utmost accuracy and precision is a prime requirement. For the measure- 38 objects having dimensions less than Imm or to measure the dimensions of cl facgs, normal scales cannot be used, Such kind of measurements are pos- sible eres instruments like Vernier caliper, micrometer screw gauge etc In this beriment we use Vernier caliper to measure the dimensions of objects in conti ff up 10 two significant figures, Relevant aga Oatomes (POs) ine Specific Knowledge PO-1 Basic PO-2 Proble1 si PO-4 Engineerin, PO-5 Engineering Pradffcé& for Society, Sustainability and Environment PO-6 Project Manage PO-7 Life Long OD Relevant Course Outcom CO1 - Use basic instruments &. the physical quantities in various engineer- ing situations. Practical Learning Outcome Use Vernier caliper to: Measure dimensions of given objects Measure the dimensions of objects of Ma iensions. Estimate the errors in measurement. Practical Skills OY Measurement skills Error estimation skills Relevant Affective domain related Outcomes Handle tools and equipment carefully. Select proper instrument. S Minimum Theoretical Background Vernier Caliper isan instrument used to measure dimensioneuch)s inner diameter, outer diameter, height, depth, thickness of an object. Least cout instrument is the smallest measurement that can be taken by using an instru e of Vernier caliper is the maximum measurement that can be taken by using, ent. There are two separate scales on Vernier caliper namely Main Scale and scale. Least count of Vernier Caliper is given by Brilliant Publication © Watermarkly IWM\ LRA SAG rinsxe Science Physies(RTISOS) ae Value of Smallest division on main scale (m) * of vernier caliper = In) LO ah ere Fy nos of dons. on vernier scale (n) Zerosertor occurs in an instrument due to non coincidence of zero of main scale yy, vernier scale when the jaws are closed diagrany Experimental set-up/ Work Situation: Inner diameter of hollow cylinder 10cm | IX Resources required Sr. [Instrument/Object | Specification ity No. T. | Vernier Caliper TC-O00em os Range~0-15cm_ Z| Hollow Cylindrical | Any dimensions | 1 Pipe 3. | Rectangular wooden | Any dimensions | 1No. block [Hollow pipe Te gauge thickness | TNo. X Procedure : Part I 1. Identify each part of the instrument. : 2. Find the least count of given Vernier calipers using the formula given in the theoreti- cal background. Brilliant Publication 10 © Watermarkly —— Basic Science - Physics (311305) 3, Find the zero error (z) of given Vernier caliper as given in Fig, 02. 4, Hold the given object in the appropriate jaws depending upon the parameter to be measured, 5. Observe the zero of the Vernier scale and take main scale reading (MSR). 6. Check the division of Vernier scale coinciding with the main scale and note it SD). Ts nier scale reading; VSR = (VSD x L.C.) 8 e total reading using the formula: Total reading (TR)= MSR+VSR. 9 S, corrected reading CR = TR +z XI i ; , 1. aliper should not be pressed hard while taking the readings. 2 jer scale exactly coinciding with the main scale should be noted 3. xi lecust.. count.of, given, ernies..calipers. using . dhe. fotnula...gi .. theoreticaal....packqraunel iLObserve..the.. er af..the. sterniet...scale..angl.tale...main. .Scale....ceacli j iu: th ella SMSRANSR late the comrectect reading eqeTet 2 Specitication L. Brilliant Publication © Watermarkly Basic Science - Physics (311305) XV___ Observations and Calculations: (1) Value of smallest division on main scale= m = @) Total no of divisions on Vernier scale = n= QA, Least count (LC) of Vernier caliper=™ O:.0)<..cm. Co ) Zero errr= sini Veer division with main scalex LC) = (5 ol error correction (z) = 7 Table 1: Measurement of diameter and height Object MSR =VSDXLC | CR=TRaz ‘Avrage (em) O-o1 1-51 0:01 1-51 1 5em 0-01 LSI O01 2-01 < Ehllew 0-01 Lgl 1-914em 4 Cylinder o-0L 2-0) 0-01 gti 0:01 ql Fle 0-0! Gi) z XVL Results Average inner diameter of hollow aimee SY Average outer diameter of hollow sence D, Average height Hollow cylinder= h =. Height of rectangular box . length of rectangular box . Breath of rectangular box AIRE Brilliant Publication © Watermarkly” aS — . pasic Science Physics (311305) —_ XVI. Interpretation of results Errorin the measurement= [Known (standard) value- Experimental value] hallaws...cylincler...1 9..dess a than. ud, ok than, -hieght., ol, XIX. Practical Er estione Note: Below gid 6: a) few sample questions for reference. Teachers must design more such ievement ofidentified CO. 'st division on main scale and the total no. of divisions on Vernier questions so as toens; 1. Give the value of s scale of the instrument iment. 2, Write the range of the Ver: +t used in the experiment. 5. Give reasons for using upper jaws of the Vernier Calipers to find the inner diameter of cylindrical pipe. 4, Determine the least count (LC) caliper if smallest division on main scale is Imm and the number of divisions on Vi le is 50. 5. Astudent has used a Vernier caliper wi m, to measure the length of his pencil. He found that the main scale showed a rea and Vernier scale coincides with 5" position to the main scale. Give the co1 ment of the length of the pencil XX. References/ Suggestions for further Reading a. amtrita.olabs.edu.in/?sub=1&brch=5&sim= 16&cnt=1 b. _https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqCkb800 wY ¢. _ mptbe.nic.in/experiments-py-11 pdf JS : Brilliant Publication ater ly Basic Science - Physics (311305) XXI__ Assessment Scheme Performance indicators Weightage Process related: 15 Marks 60% [ ‘Connection of the circuit 20 Determination of values of voltage and current Marks Obtainé Dated Signature of Process ) Soe Soe As... The...smallest...clivisia ol and..fotal.. -dlision, on used... Brilliant Publication @ Waterma rkly 1% _~ Basic Science - Physics (311305) Brilliant Publication y ———<— SO ee a ——— 1 Practical Significance In industries, many times there is a need to measure the thickness, diameter of ob; utmost precision, Scale is used for the measurement of parameters like le ie 1 and height of plane surfaces. Micrometer screw gauge is used to met esi ions of. objects less than 0.1 mm, that cannot be measured by other instrument 0 Program Outcomes (POs) d Discipline Specific Knowledge Analysis Tools Practices for Society, Sustainability and Environment ent PO-7 Life Long I Relevant Course ona) Col ~ Use basic instr its to measure the physical quantities in various engineer- ing situations. IV__ Practical Learning Outcome Use micrometer screw gauge to: () Measure dimensions of giv (i) Measure the dimensions of obj dimensions. (iii) _ Estimate the errors in nese Vv Practical Skills a. Measurement Skill o b. _ Error estimation Skill VI Relevant Affective domain related a. Handling tools carefully. b, Select proper instrument. VI. Minimum Theoretical Background Micrometer screw gauge: It was invented by William Gasco which consists of two scales i.e. main scale and circular scale. 1. Pitch (p): Itis the distance between two consecutive threads of the EQ screw moves forward ot backward through a distance equal to its pitch w! complete > rotation is given to it, Therefore to find out pitch of the screw, give one rotation to it and find out through how much distance it moves. instrument illiant ication * Brilliant Publicat @ Watermarkly a —_e aa EEE cience - Phy Basic 2 Least count (LO) Least count is the smallest measurement that can be done accurately by any measur- Bs instrument. Thus least count indicates the degree of accuracy of measurement by tins east count (LC) of micrometer screw gauge ratio 0: pitch of the screw (p) to the total no of division on circular scale (n). “A Lc =____Pitohof the screws) rm Number of division on circular scale(n) 3 Zero The zero error caused by non coincidence of zero of circular scale with axial line on fe when the jaws are closed. Students should refer following diagrams to de error in the instrument used in this lab expenence. Zero error correction ined by adding or subtracting zero error. 2) When zero error @btained is positive zero error correction (z) is negative. is negative zero error correction (2) is positive. @ No zero error: When zero of ci le is coinciding with axial line. ‘Axial lime saceeiesipial | af ae & Zero error= - {(n-99) X LC] Zero correction (2) = + [(n-99) XL-C. ly Brilliant Publication Basic Science - Physics (311305) {Gi Positive zero error: Zero of circular scale is below the axial line Falalline i Zero error =Positve error ? Zero error = +(3X LC) o Zero correction (2) = - (3X LC.) 5. feading (TR) of measurement ding is the multiplication of circular scale division (CSD) ang leay 6. Corrected, Ceci (CR) of measurement ding is the addition of total reading (TR) and the zero error co, Fig.O1 IX Resources required SNo._| Particulars | Specification 1 Micrometer L.C=0.00lem, Range=0 | 01 for Screw Gauge | to2.Scm each s! 2 Metallic Sphere | Unknows Diameter__| 01 3 Plate Unknown thickness | 01 7 Thin metal wire | Diameter- o 16/18/20 gauge Brilliant Publication ~@ Waterma rkly # ad Basic Science - Physics (311305) Serer x 10. 1. 12. 13. XI XII Brilliant Publication Procedure Hold the micrometer screw gauge carefully. Identify the main scale and circular scale. Determine the pitch of the screw. Countithte number of divisions on circular scale. .C. of micrometer screw gauge using equation (1). Oingiding division from axial line and calculate zero error (refer zero error moe the jaws of micrometer screw gauge. ( The jaws should perfectly touctyt surfdte of object). Note main reading (MSR) with respect to edge of the rotating drum. Note the ci division (CSD) coinciding with the axial line. Determine th ale reading (CSR) using the formula CSR= coinciding circu lar division(CSD)g€£.C. Calculate Total Reagifig TR. = MSR.+ CSR. Calculate zero error (refer error diagrams) Calculate corrected oS) Precautions (if any) Only screw head should be id the sleeve should not be rotated to avoid excess pressure. ‘The screw should be always rte (oarcon to avoid backslash error. Actual procedure followed SA Dddentity. 1 .main..scale.a lal . the..path, fch..of 2. SCHEU. 2 P the.cbject.i sf AS. smrictomeher...streto acl Os snaCood Cf OU boul. perdicly e.suchace...of aljecd 4) Ned hain. scale..ccodine... da, ulac...scale Basic Science - Physics (311305) XIV Precautions followed J).Qnily....sctew.. pee a - ratatecl...ond...the. alee uss, should. .nof do. caveat mee Sun PUCEULE. ns and Calculations Observations \e screw= Distance travelled by the screw on main scale in one p= cm. 2. ber of divisions on circular scale 3 OL it of micrometer screw gauge = pi o-01cm 4. Zer cm 5. Zero tion, z = Coinciding circular division with axial line (CSD. wt: 4 = +...0.ugemd cm / No zero error Tabl -asurement of diameter and thickness cR | cars | ew | | deco Object Dimension D on my TR2| reading em em | @ | Metallic Tori 144 lo-814 |o.giu Diameter Sphere Dd 21 og 9% 10.9% | 9-42) 0-88 3 | 9-9 [a 044 |o-934 10.434 CD 1 0-5 | 20 lo. 52 |0-52 Block ‘Thickness 2s ‘ 0 2 | os | a5 .53_|o-53] OF 31 os las 525 |og2_°™) 1 . 3 Thinmeatic |p, : ot | 44 o. o) 115 3102 |3¢ | XVI Results 1 2. Average thickness of block* t =. 3, Average diameter of thin metallic wire Brilliant Publication —— termarkly” pasic Science - Physics (311305) seeps ee ore eB are few sample questions for reference. Teachers must design so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO. w gauge used for measurement of inner diameter of tube? a screw-gauge? ‘rometer screw gauge used in experiment. sage contains 100 divisions and its pitch is 1 mm. Give the least count of the In ten rotations of the screw, distance travelled on main scale is 20 mm. If number of divisions on circular scale are A micrometer screw gauge of pit measure the thickness of a glass L.C. of micrometer screw gauge. and 50 circular scale divisions is used to iagram below shows part of the microme- ter gauge. What is the thickness of plate if the micrometer is in the position shown below with the plate in betwe 2 Name the part of the screw gauge, whit ot it from undue tightening? Out of the following instrument which give Oo in measurement Give reasons for your answer A)Steel ruler. B) Vernier caliper. _C) Micrometer ew gauge References / Suggestions for further Reading http:/ /amrita olabs.edu.in/ ?sub=1&brch=5éesim= 15 https:/ / www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCcZebTB7wk. www.phy.uctac.za/courses/phylabl. % Brilliant Publication @ Wa te rma rkiy esi Science - Physics (311305) TNO BOR AU POP NPS rel... Wag gl. Brilliant Publication ant Publicati @ Watermarkly —— 7 7 Basic Science - Physics (311305) aunt ten Brilliant Publication @ Wa termarkly” | ele ese g oe < a measurement of electric current, voltage, resistance is required in elect ahical industries, [tis imperative to have a method by which we can measure Electfical parameters. Resistance, current and voltage can all be elena 4 he formula which is needed for designing circuits. Ohm's law is used to d amount of resistance, voltage and / or current levels to make st ovesign circuits. It is applicable to decide the ra ces, tings of home and Relevant Pro; itcomes (POs) PO-1 Basic and Discipline Specific Knowledge PO-2 Problem PO-3 Design/ Develdpme} of Solutions PO-4 Engineering ' PO-5 Engineering Pr , Sustainability and Environment PO-6 Project Managem PO-7 Life Long Learning Relevant Course Outcomes oo CO2- Apply the principles of electriCitysand magnetism to solve engineering problems. Practical Learning Outcome O Use Ohm's law to solve circuit reine Practical Skills Circuit connections Skills. Measurement Skills. Relevant Affective domain related Outcomes Use Ohm's law to solve circuit problems. Handle tools and equipments carefully. Application of multimeter Minimum Theoretical Background SN Ammeter is used to measure electric current (I) & voltmeter is, easure poten- tial difference (voltage) (V). Ohm's law: It states that "provided the physical state of the conduc igth, area, temperature) remaining the same in the closed circuit, the current through the conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (volt between the two points of the conductor", laVor Val v =| Re V=IR or RT Brilliant Publication @ Wa te rma rkly * EE Basic Science - Physies (311305) X Procedure PartT 1 Make connection as per circuit diagram (Fig, OL 2 Note the LC of Ammeter and range mem 3. Note the LC of Ammeter and range. 4 Check connection with the help of teacher. 5S ower supply. 6. circuit, 7. sition of rheostat at maximum resistance. . 8 s position of ammeter and voltmeter pointer at minimum. 9. Note t g of ammeter and voltmeter 10. Change fe posi f sliding arm/ variable arm oftheostat gradually. 11. Note the & ing change reading in ammeter and voltmeter. 22. Calculate t of wire using the formula: 13. Repeat the stey ion) taen) to 12 five times 14. Plot the graph ‘ie current (I) along X-axis and voltage (V) along Y-axis. 15. Find slope of the 16. Determine the resist aph. Part Il 1 Make connection as liagram. 2. Connect multimeter ins eter, 3, Connect multimeter ins 4. Repeat the steps 4 to 16 given in Pagt I of procedure XI Precautions 1. Allelectrical Connections should 2 The pointer of ammeter/voltmeter 3. Check the power supply before connt & Check connection with the help of teacher 5. Connect Ammeter in series. A. 6. Connect Voltmeter in parallel. 7. The key should be inserted only while takin; XII Actual ies lure followed T.Note. Hhe..LC. Se Aeitelin. andl..rcin of. Armetee.. and...range. fia ak. -DOOXUMUM.....besish ‘ a “Calcul et te kesistein using. th. focmula..23. Plat...the. + gro tuith. Steet ie cutrend. olny x-axis.and. voltage alo Mg Me xis Brilliant Publication @Wa termarkly a Basie Science - Physics (311305) XIIL__ Resources used (with major specifications) _lnstumen: i XV. Observations and C; 10) 1. Using Voltmeter & amme Least count of ammeter = Range of ammeter = 5 Least count of voltmeter = Range of voltmeter = Table 1 (Using ammeter/ voltineter ) Potential difference | Resistane V(volt) R Brilliant Publication © Watermarkly” | asia Science - Physics (311305) 3, _ Using Multimeter for the measurement Range of multimeter as ammeter = _0-+0 300 fl Range of multimeter as voltmeter =_@-L0_3V_ Ra ltimeter as ohm meter =_~ T g multimeter) * Sr. No, ric current | Potential difference | Resistance | Mean Resistance V(volt) R= ¢ R A(ohm) 2. (ohm) os | ip- 2 lo-2 | XVL Results Resistance of given wire From observation From graph a a By using voltmeter and ami lo {0-2 By using multimeter XV. “ey esp Tesults XVIIL Conclusi: Resistance... Sa ns and Recommendations sing...caultimedc.. Brilliant Publication @ Wa termar Rly Yr Basic Science - Physics (311305) Marks Obtained Dated Signature of Teacher ess Product Total (25) ited (15) {Related (10) 0 v~ VS Brilliant Publication © Watermarkly Yaris Zorn = 0 i Ty Brilliant Publication =” Basic Science - Physics (311305) pit eee < ores EXPERIMENT NO - 04. Specific Resistance significance jes, components like resistors, inductors and chokes all have to verify that ‘meets the requirements of specific resistance, tolerance, and quality control ivity or specific resistance (p) is a measure of the resistance offered to \duction for a given size of material. To remove the effect of size from Relevant Pro PO-1 Basic and Disoi PO-2 Problem Analysi PO-3 Design/ Develpment of Solutions PO-4 Engineering T PO-5 Engineering Practi ety, Sustainability and Environment PO-6 Project Management PO-7 Life Long Learning Relevant Course Outcomes eon - Apply the basic principles Sf o™ to solve given engineering prob lems. Practical Learning Outcome A Determine the specific resistance of given oO mes (POs) and PSOs Specific Knowledge Practical Skills Measurement Skiil. Electrical circuit connections, Error estimation skill. Relevant Affective domain related Outcomes S/S Follow safety practices. Practice good housekeeping. Minimum Theoretical Background ~ Ohm's Law: Itstates that 'Provided the physical conditions of a cond ler remaining the same(length, area, temperature ofthe conductor, ina closed circuit the amount of Maintain tools and equipment. current (1) flowing through the conductor is directly proportional to the potential dif. ference (V) between two ends of the conductor." ly Basic Science - Physics (311305) 3 Find L.C. and range of the given ammeter and voltmeter. 4. Take conducting wire of known length (L). 5. Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram. 6. Now putin the plug key. 7. Switch on the circuit. 8. For aggnstant supply voltage (V), note down the current (I) using the ammeter. 9. By the voltage constant, note the current (I) for wires of different length. v 10. ae (R) of the wire using the formula, R = T | _ Ra 11. Calcula (") Jue of specific resistance using the formula , P= —~ 12. sistance(R) Vs length (L) of the wire. 13. 8 vt pe, determine the specific resistance of the given wire using the 15. il and graphical value of the specific resistance of the given xi 1. Handle all the equipmer care. 2 Make connections according to circuit diagram. 3. The plug key should be open while connecting the circuit 4. Get the connections checked by cher. 5. Before switching on the supply, of the DC supply should be strictly kept at OV(minimum) 6. Take the readings carefully & the co should be tight, ‘i ata L suotbone le. Lal Caleulad AL Basic Science - Physics (311305) ZO crnrSocm 40cm. Seen, & 80crm7 40cm OF 05 available Observations and Cal To determine the radius Observation Table: Least count of ammeter =....7.f1).... Range of ammeter = OT pen? Least count of voltmeter Range of voltmeter = 2 . | To determine the specific resistance (p) of the wire Brilliant Publication @Watermarkly” ——— Basic Science - Physics (311305) Resistance of Potential wire Specific resistance Obs.) Length of | Current | autterence | ~ 9 _¥ p=Ral No. J wireL) | AmPere | Cyyin volt 1 Q-em incm 2 0-338 iy | 2-458 o-S68Xlo"% o-283| Ww -so@ | p.4s2 (0% ly Calculations: Specific resistance p 1. Specific resistance of the material of the give Graph: XVI Results Brilliant Publication P =Slop © @ Watermarkly Basic Science - Physics (311305) XVII Mean Resistance for wire of length of wire = a Specific resistance of the material of given wire by experiment = Specific resistance of the material of given wire by graph = pretation of results Ere) the value of specific resistance=Experimental value- Standard value XVI Practical Related Sp Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teachers must design more such questions so as to. weapon of identified CO. State the factors on which specifiefésistance of the wire depends in your experiment. For two wires of same length and Gtrergh radii, does the resistance of wire change? Give reasons, a Name the different methods of tnding al sistance. o Calculate the resistance of a copper wire wg and diameter of 0.05 em. (spe cific resistance of copper =1.678 x 10-6 Q-cm.) If the radius wire is doubled, will the specific change? Explain. References / Suggestions for further Reading youtube.com: Videos of Practical demonstration of Ohm's vimeo.com: Videos of Practical demonstration of Ohm's law. www.authorstream.com/.. Tesoro ts t+/ ORG Ppt Pre sentation. http: / /amrita.olabs.edu.in/ Jeub=1 &brch=4ésim=99éecnt=199 - _ 40 Brilliant Publication © Watermarkly Basic Science - Physics (311 305) XVIII Assessment Scheme Performance indicators Weightage Process related: 15 Marks 60% nnection of thecircuit 20 mination of values of voltage and current Marks Obtained Dated Signature of Teacher Process [Product | T Related (15) | Related (10) \0 4 Bair eubieon SS @) Watermarkly Basic Science - Physics (311305) bh 2 jana: wold sperdy...it doesnt... nA EPEAL ul OD ioensian...ob..aeLel Ad CLD SC. ee Pee is clouble, Sod yexpeile Brilliant Publication * / © Watermar kly® SF Basie Science - Physics (311305) EXPERIMENT NO - 05. Law of Resistance In Seri: y e8circuit connections are common and greatly employed in electrical equipments, ent controlling devices, Fuses , automatic house-heating equipment agnetic coils and safety cut-outs connected in series with a voltage source. ilication of series and parallel circuit connection can be evidently seen in our I Relevant Course Out C02-Apply the principles ity and magnetism tosolve engineering problems. V__ Practical Learning Outcome Use the principle of series mayo: electrical engineering problems. V___ Practical Skills OY Measurementskills Relevant Affective domain related Outcomes Easiness and appropriateness in connecting Confidence while performing the experiment ved "Ss Minimum Theoretical Background Ohm's Law It states that, physical conditions of a conductor sucl temperature, resistivity remaining the same, ina cl itamount of current (1) flowing through the conductor is directly proportional tial difference (V) between two ends of the conductor. : O v I= R Where Ris resistance of conductor area of cross section, Brilliant Publication © Watermarkly* | a Aseries citcuitis acircuit in which Tesistors or loadsare connected end toend so that the circuit will have on} one path t ich electri t flows. Thus, whena number of resistors are, Path through which electric current . ‘connected inseries, the effective Tesistance (total resistance in the circuit) is obtained by adding the individual resistance algebraically. That is to say, U Ve resistors with Tesistance RI, R2, R3 ... Rn connected inseries, then; Ry *RtR +R in Rabe 7the samecurrent flows across all the branches ofthe circuits, but different Across it thus making the resistors to have different voltage across them. ovee (024 will experience a voltage drop. The applied voltage is equal t © voltage drop across the different parts of the circuit. Voltage dtop the resistance current being thesame throughout the circuit. When loads are 'ed in series, the loads will tend to havea common switch. This kind of connec loyed in halls, street lights. Itstates that equivale tance of the resistances connected in series is sum of individual resis Set-up/Work Situation Brilliant Publication aterm ly PR gos Seence - Physics (311305) mw pane tet Teh it Ree bai Precautions followed t.Conneckans..shauldl.. thick. =e “isis wahile...0hru eo nM f bed IQOVE fon... 4] Malt felnrconig.e S) fence gl lin te 6 cc oT tertneh Tatge Observations and Caleulaiohs ie through i’ resishanee Range of Voltmeter=_0-(9 __V Rangeof Ammeter=___0-2S0__A Least count of voltmeter = __O-2 Vv Least countofammeter=___F A emfoftheBattery=___—-2-/0 -V © veer x Brilliant Publication ly Basic Science - Physics (311305) ‘S.No. Voltage ‘Current Resistance Mean Volt(V) Ampere (A) v Resistance R-7 2 RQ Z. “ Ol L 3 75 44 2oxio abt Oo oe 2 4o k10°3 0-05 x10" = 50 “| 4 so X19” | o.05 xIo°=50] S02 y 80 X10? | oosxig>=s0 ao X 10> | 6-95 xt07=5 ¥ Resistance Mean 1 Sample calculation of resistance of wire, (Students should consider any one observation from table 1/table 2and show the sample calculation) Brilliant Publ Watermarkly “ Basic Science - Physics (311305) r-Ya (By using Ohm's law) ue of resistance of | Equivalent resistance of series combination of resistances (Rs) By experiment 2 | WS. XIX Sample Practical Related Questions ) Note: Below given are few sample questions for reference. Teachers must design more such questions so as to ensure the achievement of identified CO. 1. Write the function of rheostat in the circuit used. Brilliant Publication atermarky asic Science - Physics (311305) SPACE TO WRITE ANSWERS Brilliant Publication © Watermarkly asic Science - Physics (311305) < Pe Bose gs “3s fiy, parallel circuits are one of the main building blocks used in the infrastruc- pplies power to large populations. By making use of parallel circuits, ‘ave been able to create power grids that are more secure and more effi- cient eee, circuits also make it easier to provide an equal power supply to differ- ent Relevan Outcomes (POs) ipline Specific Knowledge = Opment of Solutions Relevant Course Outcome C02 -Apply the principles of elé€tzicity and magnetism to solve engineering problems. Practical Learning Outcome Use the principle of parallel resistant ing electrical engineering problems. Practical Skills Connections Zz Measurement skills Relevant Affective domain related Outcomes House Keeping Taking care of Aesthetics Follow safety measure Team work S Minimum Theoretical Background Ohm's Law It states that, physical conditions of a conductor such as lengtli® a ae cross section, temperature, resistivity remaining the same, in a closed circuit current (I) flowing through the conductor is directly proportional to the potedtialdifference (V) between two ends of the conductor. lav Brilliant Publication © Watermar Key asic Science - Physics (311305) fX Resources required $.No | Nameof Instrument Specifications Quantity | Remarks 1 |Bureka Wire(Cupper | Imand 2m 3No. multistrand 3No. | 05V INo. As per availabilit OSA INo. As per availability 0-300 INo. As per availabili 0-12V, 0-5A INo. nin circuit diagram 1.(Fig 1) Rt in the circuit. ing rheostat. Take five observations. ‘orrewoltmeter and ammeter in equal intervals. Calculate the resistance wire by ohms law as per the formula. Find mean resistance RI Repeat the steps 2 to 7 to calcul: own resistance R2. Connect the two resistances RL in parallel combination as per the circuit dia- am. 10. _ Repeat the steps 2 to 7 to calculate XS, resistance Rp by experiment. b 11. Calculate equivalent resistance Rp ing formula. XI Precautions (if any) the ends. 1. Connections should be clean and tight. Zz 2. Thick copper wires should be used for cone ptoorne the insulations near Voltmeters and ammeters should be of proper ran; A low resistance rheostat should be used. The key should be inserted only while taking the heating of resistors. Pass a current through the resistance as per power rating! While measuring the voltage and current the needle of met the scale. XII Actual procedu flied vain ecard... Ne... is.equal. iakrwaus...23. JResisteine i f PINE UNL cal! sk cl leoch..hesizckinae...RP. by. Sat ; Brilliant Publication @ Waterma rely While changing the voltage, rheostat must be moving in,gfie direction only. ions to avoid excessive Not move out of latlagy.nd Basie Science - Physies (311305) XIII Resou vs jor specifications) xiv ions followed 1 the .cberwadtion. facm. vallmeter. anol. .cammeler 18.8940 dobeinugaia,:..dhake.. absetvetion..2.calculabe, the. tesisdance.of Range of Voltmeter = Range of Ammeter = 1 2, 3. Least count of voltmeter = 4, Least count of ammeter = 5. e. m. f of the Battery = Table 1: For wire 1 On Current Volt(V) Ampere (A) Brilliant Publication © Watermar kly 5 je Science - Physics (311305) Table 2: For wire 2 Current Resistance Mean ‘Ampere (A) a Resistance Raz Oo R22 s_x193 | 0-2x10*= 200 to X10? | 0-2x10°=.200 1s rio? [o-2M0'= 200) 160% 26x10 |O-2x10'= (00 2 32 O, Box (0° |o-2x19°* (00 Table 3: For wire 11 gina Sr.No. | Voltage Volt Current(1) | Resistance ‘Ampere (A) Uv Resistance Rat 9 Rp 2 1 3 a 5 ! x (0 0.06 X10 *60 2 X 103 10-06x1G*6o Fo 3 3 O:0EXI0= 6: esp tee Calculations : R, by theory whee pct R, Ry R, n - Risk ° RFR.) XII Results Value of resistance of | Equivalent resista wire 2 (Ro) i Value of resistance of wire 1 (Ru) [7 Byexperiment__[/Byeexperiment_[ By experiment] Brilliant Publication @Wa te rmarkty Basic Science - Physics (311305) XIV “Interpretation of results ndations Bu cind..resiskance. cof wire..2é Rs...ctkt..apptaxitn, Ledicell lly. questions so as toé 1, Write the range of imeter used in experiment. 2 Write the range of Itmeter used in experiment. 3. Write the application ofthedtat used in experiments, XVII_ References / Suggestions ier Reading a. www.youtube.com watch?v=} EYBg, b. — www.youtube.com/watch?v=} 00 © www.youtube.com/watch?v= d. amrita.olabs.edu.in/?sub=1 &brch=: en XVIII Assessment Scheme Performance indicators Weightage Process related: 15 Marks 60% 1. Connection of the circuit 2 Determination of values of voltage and ci 3. | Teamspirit 4_| Ability torelate with theory Product related: 10 Marks 1 Timely submission and neatness 2_| Interpretation of result 0 3. Conclusions & Recommendations 10 4 | Practicalrelated questions 10 Basic Science - Physics (311305) List of student Team Members Brilliant Publication © Watermarkly ical Significance fe navigation devices used in radars, airplane, and Oo d of bar magnet. WM Relevani Outcomes (POs) - EXPERIMENT NO - 07. Magnatic Compass To Determine Neutral Point ee g used earth's magnetic field to deter ic fi wh electric motors, transformers and generators. Magnetic field produce’ lepends upon the shape, size and material o ‘ illgetermine the nature of magnetic field produce pou lue to combination of hori: ships, surveying and moun ical directions. Mag mine geographi' f magnets. In this experime, .d by bar magnet and p), izontal component of earth's magnetic fi. PO-1 Basiewhd Discipline Specific. Knowledge PO-2 ProblenyAnalsis PO-3 Design/ nt of Solutions PO-4 Engineerin, PO-5 Engineerin; es for Society, Sustainability and Environment PO-6 Project Management PO-? Life Long Learning I Relevant Course Outcome CO2 -Apply the principles of icity and magnetism to solve engineering problems. Use magnetic compass to deter: IV Practical Learning Outcome | i tral points when (i) North pole of bar magnets points to rth pole of earth. (ii) South pole of bar magnets points to north pole of earth. Vv Practical Skills a. Analysis skill b. Drawing Skill and Observation Skill VI Relevant Affective domain related Outco: a. Practice good housekeeping. b. c. Handling the instrument carefully mes Sf Demonstrate working as a leader/a team member O VII Minimum Theoretical Background x Neutral Points in a Magnetic Field 4 ~ Ata particular point, if the compass needle does not point in A Particular direction then there is no net magnetic field at the point. Such a point is called Neutral point o! Brilliant Publication @ Watermarkly @ psi Science - Physics (311305) a7. Repeat the procedure from the n orth pol and draw the magnetic field ines, POT" Of the magnet, but from different points, Part (ii): When the south pole of the earth, bar magnet points towards north pole of the aced very accurately and neatly using a compass, sed to draw all the magnetic lines of forces, lust be measured from the centre of Bar Magnet, Asharp pencil Distance of neutr XIV Precautions fore Eo fOLA, must: aul...alai Sinctognal Brilliant Publication © Watermarkly Basic Science - Physies (311305) XV Observations and Calculations i Observing Natures of magnetic lines of force and locate the neutral points of bar mag. nets san gth of bar magnet = :.l... cm.=.S:1& ince between the neutral points from enter fof bar magnets Fole of bar magnets points towards the north pole of earth = XVI Y ts are determined for the following cases x 1) ic lines of forces of bar magnet is as per sheet attached. 2) gnets points towards the north pole of ear' 3) South Pole ts points towards the north pole of ear XVII_ Interpretation o! NA XIX Sample Practical Related oe Note: Below given are few sample q questions so as to ensure the achievement off 1. Write reason for deflection in compass, en brought near bar magnet. 2. Give the number of neutral points dbtainéd if we place a bar magnet in east west direction, 3. Write material and length of giyen bar maj ‘ 4. Give the position of the neutral point ;when a is placed with its South Pole pointing towards geographic north. XX References / Suggestions for further Reading S\ a. Physics text book of class xii( NCERT) b. Fundamental of physics by wiley -india lastly, O c _ https://en.wikipedia.org/ 4. www.physicsprojects.org e. —_https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WZC679CwKs. a f __https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DM0373nDp8M. 8 —_http://cdac.olabs.edu.in/?sub=74&brch=9éesim=74éecnt=4, bh. __https://www nextgurukul.in/.../Mapping-of-Magnetic-Lines-of-Force-due-to-a~ Bar- M Brilliant Publication @ Watermark ly“ Basic Science - Physics (311305) XXI_ Assessment Scheme Weightage rn | 1 nection of the circuit | Detrmination of values of voltage and current 20 | 3. m spirit 10 4 poy ; torelate with theory 10 Produ 10 Marks 40% i] sion and neatness [ 10 2 Inter ion of result 10 3] _Conclu ecornmendations 10 a) __ Practical 10 i 2 3. Marks Obtained Dated Signature of Teacher Process [Product | T; Related (15) [Related (10) © he o8 | 28 flns.. aie veh LO... I... AMPA... _S...0.Sip4 1... campa.ss...neele Brilliant Publication " © Watermarkly Basic Science - Physics (311 305) Brilliant Publication Basic Science - Physics (31 1305) try, P-n junction diode has wide range of applications. Diode is used in clip. and wave shaping circuits in computers, radios and radar. It is used as switch in logic designs. Detector and demodulator circuits use diodes in TV receiver Itage multipliers and rectifiers circuits used in house hold appliances con. In this lab experience, students will determine the forward and reverse istics, static and dynamic resistance of p-n junction diode which helps in Circuits as per the required. Tl Relevant itcomes (POs) PO-1 Basic an: ine Specific Knowledge PO-2 Problem’An; PO3 Design/ t of Solutions PO-4 Engineering PO-5 Engineering Pr Society, Sustainability and Environment PO-6 Project Managem PO-7 Life Long Learning TI Relevant Course Outcomes : CO2-Apply the principles of “Cy magnetism to solve engineering problems. IV Practical Learning Outcome 4 Use p-njunction diode to draw forward np bias I-V characteristics, v Practical Skills a Circuit connection skills b. Measurement skills Graph plotting skills d, Analytical skills SP VI __ Relevant Affective domain related Outcomes a. Handle tools and equipments carefully. b. Select instruments of required least count and range. c. Following safety measure. VII Minimum Theoretical Background Symbol of p-n junction diode C ’ Brilliant Publication ~_ @ Watermarkly* Basic Science - Physics (311305) XI Precautions The current in the circuit should not exceed the current ratings of the diode. Connect voltmeter and Ammeter in correct polarities. Show, the connections to concerned teacher and then switch ON the power supply procedure followed eee pelo. Cece XIV Precautions followed deMe.. cure in the cure oo UEP EDT. O Brilliant Publication © Watermark ly sence - Physics (311308) ‘Observations and Calculati qablel:Forward Bias Least count of voltmeter = , Least co milliammeter = * Bee _ £ Forward Current(I) Forward voltage(V) ny volts) 9 mf o Graph of current (in mA) Vs voltage (in volts) LZ. : I IF Observations from graph: %, i. 2 3. 4 Billiant Publication @ wate rmarkly Basic Science - Physics (311305) Calculations from the graph. 05 H o . x v Ours = hs Ty or + Tabl€2: Reverse Bias aspeeunt of voltmeter = 0:5. V St cal it ofmicro-ammeter =... WA Sr. Reverse Voltage( Vi) Reverse Current( In) No. (in volts) " _(in pA) 1 3 oe : om Yy 3 4 ! R L 12 5 l IR ot 3u 2 42 vy 7 Oo i QI —_ Bree} clpwn valdage| J ve CO (i) The static resistance of the given diode aa particular point = 9:1. g artic (ii) The dynamic resistance of the given diode = ‘ XVII_ Interpretation of results (i) Error in value of knee voltage= standard valu imental value obtained from graph Pr XVIII Conclusions and Recommendations wher Me dGRLS.AS nce...ciNel...lg neta... cl noi Peres we] ] a} calue.. ts O Brilliant Publication @ Watermarkly” Basie Science-Physis (311305) —

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