CBSE Sample

Question
Paper–2020 (Solved)
Time Allowed: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70

General Instructions:
(a) All questions are compulsory.
(b) Section A: Q. no. 1 to 20 are very short answer questions (objective type) and carry 1 mark each.
(c) Section B: Q. no. 21 to 27 are short answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
(d) Section C: Q. no. 28 to 34 are long answer questions and carry 3 marks each.
(e) Section D: Q. no. 35 to 37 are also long answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
(f) There is no overall choice. However an internal choice has been provided in two questions of two marks,
two questions of three marks and all the three questions of five marks weightage. You have to attempt only
one of the choices in such questions.
(g) Use log tables if necessary, use of calculators is not allowed.

SECTION–A
Read the given passage and answer the questions 1 to 5 that follow:
A Lead storage battery is the most important type of secondary cell having a lead anode and a grid of lead packed
with PbO2 as cathode. A 38% solution of sulphuric acid is used as electrolyte. (Density = 1.294 g mL–1). The battery
holds 3.5 L of the acid. During the discharge of the battery, the density of H2SO4 falls to 1.139 g mL–1. (20% H2SO4
by mass)
1. Write the reaction taking place at the cathode when the battery is in use.
2. How much electricity in terms of Faraday is required to carry out the reduction of one mole of PbO2?
3. What is the molarity of sulphuric acid before discharge?
4. Lead storage battery is considered a secondary cell. Why?
5. Write the products of electrolysis when dilute sulphuric acid is electrolysed using Platinum electrodes.
Questions 6 to 10 are one word answers:
6. Name the substance used as depressant in the separation of two sulphide ores in Froth floatation method.
7. Name the unit formed by the attachment of a base to 1l position of sugar in a nucleoside.
8. Name the species formed when an aqueous solution of amino acid is dissolved in water?
9. What type of reaction occurs in the formation of Nylon-6, 6 polymer?
10. Which of the following compounds would undergo Cannizzaro reaction:
Benzaldehyde, Cyclohexanone, 2-Methylpentanal.
Questions 11 to 15 are multiple choice questions:

11. The IUPAC name of the compound shown below:

Cl

Br
 (a) 2-bromo-6-chlorocyclohex-1-ene (b) 6-bromo-2-chlorocyclohexene
(c) 3-bromo-1-chlorocyclohexene (d) 1-bromo-3-chlorocyclohexene
12. When one mole of CoCl3.5NH3 was treated with excess of silver nitrate solution, 2 mol of AgCl was
precipitated. The formula of the compound is:
(a) [Co(NH3)5Cl2]Cl (b) [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
(c) [Co(NH3)4Cl2] (NH3)Cl (d) [Co(NH3)3Cl3] (NH3)2
13. The absorption maxima of several octahedral complex ions are as follows:
S.No Compound lmaxnm
3+
1 [Co(NH3)6] 475
2 [Co(CN)6]3– 310
3+
3 [Co(H2O)6] 490

The crystal field splitting is maximum for:

(a) [Co(H2O)6]3+
(b) [Co(CN)6]3–
(c) [Co(NH3)6]3+
(d) All the complex ions have the same splitting, Do .
14. Predict the number of ions produced per formula unit in an aqueous solution of [Co(en)3]Cl3.
(a) 4 (b) 3
(c) 6 (d) 2
15. The incorrect statement about LDP is:
(a) It is obtained through the free radical addition of ethene.
(b) It consists of linear molecules.
(c) It is obtained by the H-atom abstraction.
(d) Peroxide is used as an initiator.
Questions 16 to 20:
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct statements, and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are correct statements, but reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct, but reason is wrong statement.
(d) Assertion is wrong, but reason is correct statement.
16. Assertion : The two strands in double strand helix structure of DNA are complementary to each
other.
Reason : Disulphide bonds are formed between specific pairs of bases.
17. Assertion : Glucose reacts with hydroxylamine to form an oxime and also adds a molecule of
hydrogen cyanide to give cyanohydrin.
Reason : The carbonyl group is present in the open chain structure of glucose.
18. Assertion : The acidic strength of halogen acids varies in the order
HF > HCl > HBr > HI
Reason : The bond dissociation enthalpy of halogen acids decreases in the order
HF > HCl > HBr > HI
19. Assertion : C2H5OH is a weaker base than phenol but is a stronger nucleophile than phenol.
Reason : In phenol the lone pair of electrons on oxygen is withdrawn towards the ring due to
resonance.
20. Assertion : Aryl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions with ease.
Reason : The carbon halogen bond in aryl halides has partial double bonds character.
 SECTION–B
21. Calculate the number of lone pairs on central atom in the following molecule and predict the geometry.
XeF4
22. The rate of a reaction depends upon the temperature and is quantitatively expressed as
–Ea
k = Ae RT
(a) If a graph is plotted between log k and 1/T, write the expression for the slope of the reaction?
(b) If at under different conditions Ea and Ea are the activation energy of two reactions If Ea = 40 J/mol
1 2 1
and Ea = 80 J / mol. Which of the two has a larger value of the rate constant?
2
23. The experimentally determined molar mass for what type of substances is always lower than the true
value when water is used as solvent. Explain. Give one example of such a substance and one example of a
substance which does not show a large variation from the true value.
24. Write structure of the products formed:
Cl2, red P4
(a) CH3 CH 2 COOH
D
H2, Pd–BaSO 4
(b) C6 H5 COCl
D

25. Draw one of the geometrical isomers of the complex [Pt(en)2Cl2]2+ which is optically inactive. Also write
the name of this entity according to the IUPAC nomenclature.
OR
Discuss the bonding in the coordination entity [Co(NH3)6]3+ on the basis of valence bond theory. Also,
comment on the geometry and spin of the given entity.
(Atomic no. of Co = 27)
26. What is meant by vapour phase refining? Write any one example of the process which illustrates this
technique, giving the chemical equations involved.
OR
Write and explain the reactions involved in the extraction of gold.
27. Which one of the following compounds will undergo hydrolysis at a faster rate by SN1 mechanism? Justify.
CH2Cl

or CH3CH2CH2Cl

SECTION–C
28. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 0.5 g KCl (Molar mass = 74.5 g/mol) dissolved in 100
g water, assuming KCl to be 92% ionized.
Kf of water = 1.86 K kg/mol.
29. For the reaction A + B →products, the following initial rates were obtained at various given initial
concentrations
S.No. [A] mol / L [B] mol / L Initial rate M/s
1. 0.1 0.1 0.05
2. 0.2 0.1 0.10
3. 0.1 0.2 0.05

Determine the half-life period.

OR
A first order reaction is 50% complete in 50 minutes at 300 K and the same reaction is again 50 % complete
in 25 minutes at 350 K. Calculate activation energy of the reaction.
 30. Answer the following questions:
(a) Which of the following electrolytes is most effective for the coagulation of AgI/Ag+ sol?
MgCl2, K2SO4, K4[Fe(CN)6]
(b) What happens when a freshly precipitated Fe(OH)3 is shaken with a little amount of dilute solution of
FeCl3.
(c) Out of sulphur sol and proteins, which one forms macromolecular colloids?
31. Account for the following:
(a) Moist SO2 decolourises KMnO4 solution.
(b) In general interhalogen compounds are more reactive than halogens (except fluorine).
(c) Ozone acts as a powerful oxidizing agent.
32. Identify the product formed when propan-1-ol is treated with conc. H2SO4 at 413 K. Write the mechanism
involved for the above reaction.
33. (a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(i) Ethanal and Propanone.
(ii) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one.
(b) Arrange the following compounds in increasing order of their acid strength:
Benzoic acid, 4-Nitrobenzoic acid, 3,4-Dinitrobenzoic acid, 4- Methoxybenzoic acid.
OR
Compare the reactivity of benzaldehyde and ethanal towards nucleophilic addition reactions. Write the
cross aldol condensation product between benzaldehyde and ethanal.
34. Define and write an example for the following :
(a) Broad spectrum antibiotics.
(b) Analgesics

SECTION–D
35. (a) The e.m.f. of the following cell at 298 K is 0.1745 V
Fe(s)|Fe2+ (0.1 M)||H+ (xM)|H2(g) (1 bar)|Pt(s)
o
[Given : E Fe 2+
/Fe
= – 0.44V ]

Calculate the H+ ions concentration of the solution at the electrode where hydrogen is being produced.
(b) Aqueous solution of copper sulphate and silver nitrate are electrolysed by 1 ampere current for 10
minutes in separate electrolytic cells. Will the mass of copper and silver deposited on the cathode be
same or different? Explain your answer.
OR
(a) Calculate the degree of dissociation of 0.0024 M acetic acid if conductivity of this solution is 8.0 ×
10–5 S cm–1.
[Given m°H+ = 349.6 S cm 2 mol –1; m°CH3 COO – = 40.9 S cm 2 mol –1 ]
(b) Solutions of two electrolytes ‘A’ and ‘B’ are diluted. The limiting molar conductivity of ‘B’ increases
to a smaller extent while that of ‘A’ increases to a much larger extent comparatively. Which of the
two is a strong electrolyte? Justify your answer.
36. An organic compound ‘A’ with molecular formula C7H7NO reacts with Br2/aqKOH to give compound ‘B’,
which upon reaction with NaNO2 & HCl at 0°C gives ‘C’. Compound ‘C’ on heating with CH3CH2OH
gives a hydrocarbon ‘D’. Compound ‘B’ on further reaction with Br2 water gives white precipitate of
compound ‘E’. Identify the compound A, B, C, D & E; also justify your answer by giving relevant chemical
equations.
 OR
(a) How will you convert:
(i) Aniline into Fluorobenzene.
(ii) Benzamide into Benzylamine.
(iii) Ethanamine to N,N-Diethylethanamine.
(b) Write the structures of A and B in the following:
OH – NaOH + Br2
(i) CH 3 CH 2 CN Partial hydrolysis
A B
(i) KCN HNO 2
(ii) CH 3 CH 2 Br (ii) LiAIH 4
A B
00 C

37.
(a) When a chromite ore (A) is fused with an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate in free excess of air,
a yellow solution of compound (B) is obtained. This solution is filtered and acidified with sulphuric
acid to form compound (C). Compound (C) on treatment with solution of KCl gives orange crystals
of compound (D). Write the chemical formulae of compounds A to D.
(b) Describe the cause of the following variations with respect to lanthanoids and actinoids:
(i) Greater range of oxidation states of actinoids as compared to lanthanoids.
(ii) Greater actinoid contraction as compared to lanthanoid contraction.
(iii) Lower ionisation enthalpy of early actinoids as compared to the early lanthanoids.
OR
(a) What happens when
(i) Manganate ions (MnO 24–) undergoes disproportionation reaction in acidic medium?
(ii) Lanthanum is heated with Sulphur?
(b) Explain the following trends in the properties of the members of the First series of transition elements:
(i) E(oM2+ /M) value for copper is positive(+0.34 V) in contrast to the other members of the series.
(ii) Cr2+ is reducing while Mn3+ is oxidising, though both have d 4 configuration.
(iii) The oxidising power in the series increases in the order VO +2 < Cr2 O 27– < MnO 4– .
zzz
 SECTION–A
1. Reaction taking place at cathode when the battery is in use: 1
PbO 2 (s) + SO 42– (aq) + 4H + (aq) + 2e – " PbSO 4 (s) + 2H 2 O (l)
2. From above reaction (Given in answer) 1
1 mole of PbO2 require 2F of electricity for reduction to PbSO4.
% × density × 10
3. Molarity =
Molar mass of H 2 SO 4
38×1.294×10
= = 5.017 mol L–1
98
Molarity = 5.02 mol L–1 1
4. Because after use it can be recharged by passing current through it in the opposite direction. 1
5. At cathode: Hydrogen gas
At anode: Oxygen gas 1
6. Sodium cyanide (NaCN) 1
7. Nucleotide 1
8. Zwitter ion 1
9. Condensation Polymerisation reaction 1
10. Benzaldehyde 1
11. (c) 1
12. (b) 1
13. (b) 1
14. (a) 1
15. (b) 1
16. (c) 1
17. (a) 1
18. (d) 1
19. (d) 1
20. (d) 1

SECTION–B
21. The central atom Xe has six electrons in its valence shell. Four of these form electron pair bonds with four
fluorine atoms leaving behind two electrons. Therefore, there are four bond pairs and one lone pair. 1
Hence, according to the VSEPR theory, the geometry of XeF4 is Square Planar. The structure is as follows:

F F
Xe 1

F F

Square Planar

22. (a) k = A.e –Ea /RT

⇒ log k = e o + log A
–Ea 1

2.303 R T
1 –Ea
If a graph is plotted between log k and . Then the slope will be . 1
T 2.303 R
 (b) Lower the activation energy faster is the reaction. 1
` k1 > k2
23. The substances which undergo dissociation when dissolved in water will have lower value of experimentally
determined molar mass than the true value. 1
An example of this type of substance is electrolyte KCl.
KCl K + + Cl –
Dissociation leads to increase in the number of particles in the solution resulting an increase in the value of
colligative property. Since colligative property is inversely related to the molar mass, therefore, molar mass
of KCl as calculated from colligative property will be less than the true value. ½
The experimentally determined value of molar mass of a non-electrolyte such as glucose does not show a
large deviation from its true value. ½
Cl 2, red P4
24. (a) CH —CH —COOH CH 3 —CH—COOH 1
3 2 D
Propanoic acid ;
Cl
2 - Chloro propanoic acid

H 2 , Pd − BaSO 4
(b) C6 H 5 COCl  → C6 H 5 CHO 1
Benzoylchloride Benzaldehyde

25. 2+ 1
Cl

en Pt en

Cl
trans-[Pt(en)2Cl2]2+

IUPAC name: Dichloridobis-(ethane-1, 2-diamine) platinum (IV) ion. 1

OR
3+
[Co(NH3)6] : Oxidation state of cobalt is +3.
Atomic orbitals
of Co (III) ion
3d 4s 4p
2 3
d sp hybridised

orbitals of Co (III) ion ½
3d d 2sp3 hybrid

Formation
of
3+ XX XX XX XX XX XX ½
[Co(NH3)6]
3d Six pairs of electrons
from six NH3 molecules

Geometry of the entity : Octahedral ½

Spin of the entity : Low spin ½
26. In vapour phase refining the metal is converted into its volatile compound and collected elsewhere, leaving
non-volatile impurities behind. It is then thermally decomposed to get pure metal. For example, Mond
process for the refining of nickel. 1
In Mond process, nickel is converted into its volatile complex Ni(CO)4 and gets collected elsewhere. It is
then decomposed to give pure nickel. 1
330 – 350 K 450 – 470 K
Ni + 4CO Ni (CO) 4 ; Ni (CO) 4 Ni + 4CO
Impure Pure
Volatile
nickel nickel
complex
 OR
Extraction of gold involves leaching the metal with dilute solution of NaCN or KCN in the presence of
air. ½
−
4 Au (s) + 8CN − (aq) + 2 H 2 O(aq) + O2 ( g) 
→ 4[ Au (CN)2 ] − (aq) + 4 OH(aq) ½

2 [Au (CN) 2] – (aq) + Zn (s)

2Au (s) + [Zn (CN) 4] 2– (aq) ½
In this process, NaCN acts as a complexing agent whereas Zn acts as a reducing agent. ½
CH2—Cl

27. (Benzyl chloride) will undergo SN1 reaction faster. ½

SN1 reactions occur through carbocation intermediate. Greater the stability of carbocation faster is the
reaction. ½
Since the carbocation formed from benzyl chloride is stabilised by resonance while that obtained from
n-propyl chloride is not, therefore benzyl chloride will undergo hydrolysis faster by SN1 reaction. ½
+
CH2—Cl CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
Ionization
– Cl–

Stabilized by resonance
5

CH3 —CH 2 —CH 2 —Cl
Ionization
CH3 —CH 2 —CH 2 ½
– Cl – Not stabilised by resonance

SECTION–C
92 i –1
28. a = 92% = = 0.92, As a = ½
100 n –1
i –1
` 0.92 =
2 –1
& i = 1.92 ½
Here, WB = 0.5g, MB = 74.5 g mol –1, WA = 100g, K f = 1.86 K kg mol –1, a = 1.92
Substituting these values in the expression,
i × K f × WB × 1000 ½
DTf = , we get
MB × WA
1.92×1.86K kg mol –1 × 0.5 g × 1000 g kg –1

DTf = = 0.24 K ½
74.5 g mol –1 × 100 g
Tf = T fo – DTf = 273.15 K – 0.24 K
½
Tf = 272.91 K
½
29. A + B Products
Suppose order of reaction w.r.t reactant A is m and order of reaction w.r.t reactant B is n, then the rate law
will be ½
m n
Rate = k [A] [B]
Substituting the values 1 to 3 (from the given table) in the rate expression, we get.
0.05 = k(0.1)m (0.1)n ...(i)
0.10 = k(0.2)m (0.1)n ...(ii)
0.05 = k(0.1)m (0.2)n ...(iii)
Dividing equation (ii) by (i), we get
0.1 k (0.2) m (0.1) n
= or 2 l = 2 m
0.05 k (0.1) m (0.1) n
⇒ m = 1 ½
 Dividing equation (iii) by (i), we get
m n
0.05 k (0.1) (0.2)
= or 1 = 2 n or 2° = 2 n
0.05 k (0.1) m (0.1) n
⇒ n = 0 ½
` Rate = k [A]1 [B]0 or Rate = k [A]
Overall order of reaction = 1
[Rate] 0.05 mol L–1 s –1
k= or k = or   k = 0.5 s–1 ½
[A] 0.1 mol L–1
0.693
For a first order reaction, t1/2 = ½
k
0.693
` t1/2 =
= 1.386 s ½
0.5 s –1 OR
0.693
For a first order reaction, k =
t1/2
½

0.693 0.693
` k1 =
min –1 and k2 = min –1 ½
50 25
k2 0.693 min –1 /25
= = 2 ½
k1 0.693 min –1 /50
Here, k2/k1 = 2, T1 = 300 K, T2 = 350 K and R = 8.314 JK–1 mol–1
Substituting these values in the expression
k Ea T2 – T1
log 2 = f p, we get ½
k1 2.303 × R T1 T2
Ea
c m
350 K – 300 K
log 2 = ½
2.303 × 8.314 JK mol–1 –1 300 K × 350 K
Ea 50
0.3010 = ×
19.147 J mol –1 300 × 350
Ea = 0.3010 × 6 × 350 × 19.147 J mol –1 = 12102.8 J mol –1 ½
Ea = 12.103 kJ mol –1
30. (a) K4[Fe(CN)6] is most effective for the coagulation of positively charged sol, AgI/Ag+ as [Fe(CN)6]4–
has highest negative charge among the anions produced by the given electrolytes. 1
3+
(b) Fe(OH)3 is converted into colloidal sol by preferential adsorption of Fe ions. 1
→ [ Fe(OH)3 ] Fe3 + + 3Cl −
Fe(OH)3 + FeCl3 
Reddish brown
colloid sol
(c) Proteins. 1
31. (a) Moist SO2 acts as a reducing agent. It decolourises pink violet colour of KMnO4 solution due to
reduction of MnO4– to Mn2+ ions. 1
– + – 2+
4 MnO + 8H + 5e Mn + 4 H 2
O ] × 2
SO 2 + 2H 2 O SO 42– + 4H + + 2e – ] × 5
2MnO 4 + 5SO 2 + 2H 2 O 2Mn 2+ + 5 SO 42– + 4H +
(Colourless)

(b) Because X—X bond in interhalogens is weaker than X—X bond in halogen except F—F bond. 1
(c) Due to the ease with which it liberates atoms of nascent oxygen, it acts as a powerful oxidising agent.
O3 O 2 + O (nascent oxygen) 1
 Conc. H2 SO 4
32. 2CH3 —CH 2 —CH 2 —OH 413 K
CH3 —CH 2 —CH 2 —O—CH 2 —CH 2 —CH3 + H 2 O 1
Propan–1–ol 1–Propoxy propane
Mechanism: The formation of ether is a SN2 reaction involving the attack of alcohol molecule on a
protonated alcohol as indicated below:
Step I: Protonation of alcohol. ½
+ H
CH3 — CH2 — CH2 — O — H + H+ CH3 — CH2 — CH2 — O
H
Protonated propanol

Step II: Nucleophilic attack 1

H
CH3 —CH2 —CH2 — O — H + CH3 —CH2 —CH2 — O
H
CH3 —CH2 —CH2 — O+—CH2 —CH2 —CH3 + H2 O
Step III: Deprotonation H ½
CH —CH 2 —CH 2 —O + —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 3 CH 3 —CH 2 —CH 2 —O—CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 3 + H +
3 ;
1-Propoxy propane
H

33. (a) (i) Ethanal being an aldehyde reduces Tollens’ reagent to give silver mirror while propanone being
a ketone does not.
CH3 CHO + 2[Ag(NH3 )2 ]+ + 3OH − 
→ CH3 COO − + 2Ag ↓ + 4 NH3 + 3H 2 O 1
Ethanal Tollens ' reagent Silver mirror

(ii) Pentan-2-one (due to presence of —CH3CO group) when warmed with NaOI (I2/NaOH) gives
yellow ppt of Iodoform but pentan-3-one does not give this test.
O
;;
+
CH3 —CH 2 —CH 2 —C—CH3 + 3NaOI CH3 —CH2 —CH2 —COO – Na + 1
Pentan - 2 - one Sodium
hypoiodite
CHI3 . + 4NH3 + 2H2 O
Iodoform
(Yellow ppt)

(b) 4-Methoxy benzoic acid < Benzoic acid < 4-Nitrobenzoic acid < 3, 4-Dinitrobenzoic acid 1
OR
The carbon atom of the carbonyl group of benzaldehyde is less electrophilic than carbon atom of the
carbonyl group present in ethanal. The polarity of the carbonyl group is reduced in benzaldehyde due
to resonance and hence is less reactive than ethanal. 1
–
O O
C C
H H
1
+

O O OH O
–
OH
—C—H + H—CH2—C—H 293 K
—CH—CH2—C—H
Benzaldehyde Ethanal Aldol

O
–H2O

—CH—CH—C—H
3-phenyl prop-2-en-1-al

1
 34.
(a) Antibiotics which kill or inhibit a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are known
as broad spectrum antibiotics. 1
For examples, Ampicillin, Amoxycillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, etc. ½
(b) Drugs which reduce or abolish pain without causing impairment of consciousness, mental confusion,
incoordination or paralysis or some other disturbances of nervous system are called analgesics. These
are of two types: 1
(i) Non-narcotic analgesics: Aspirin, paracetamol etc.
(ii) Narcotic analgesics: Alkaloids like morphine, codeine and heroin. ½

SECTION–D
2+
35. (a) At anode: Fe Fe + 2e –

At cathode: 2H + + 2e – H2
+ 2+
Fe + 2H Fe + H 2 ; n = 2
o = o o o o

E cell E cathode –Eanode = E H+ / 1 H –E Fe 2+
/Fe
2 2
o
E cell = 0 V – (–0.44 V) = 0.44 V ½
o
Here, Ecell = 0.1745 V, E cell = 0.44 V, [Fe2+] = 0.1 M, n = 2
Substituting the values in the expression
[Fe 2+]
o
Ecell = E cell – 0.0591 log , we get 1
n [H +] 2
0.1745 = 0.44 – 0.0591 log 0.+1 2 ½
2 [H ]
0.1745 = 0.44 – 0.02955 (log 10–1 – 2 log [H]+)
– 0.2655 = – 0.029559 (–1 – 2 log [H]+) ½
log [H]+ = – 5
[H]+ = 10–5 ½
(b) The mass of copper and silver deposited at the cathode will be different. 1
This is because the amount of different substances deposited by same quantity of electricity passing
through the electrolytic solution are proportional to their chemical equivalent weights. 1
OR
(a) Here, C = 0.0024 M, κ = 8 × 10–5 S cm–1
Substituting the values in the expression
κ ×1000
K cm = , we get ½
C
c 8×10 –5 S cm –1 ×1000 cm 3 L–1
        K m = = 33.33 S cm 2 mol –1 ½
0.0024 mol L–1
K o (CH 3 COOH) = m o H+ + m° CH
3 COO
– ½
         = (349.6 + 40.9) S cm mol = 390.5 S cm mol 2 –1 2 –1
½
K cm 33.33 S cm 2 mol –1
degree of dissociation, a = = ½
K om 390.5 S cm 2 mol –1
a = 0.085 or 8.5% ½
(b) Electrolyte B is a strong electrolyte. 1
Limiting molar conductivity increases only to a smaller extent for a strong electrolyte as the number
of ions does not increase appreciably on dilution and only mobility of ions increases due to decrease
in interionic attractions. ½
 Limiting molar conductivity increases to a larger extent for a weak electrolyte, as on dilution degree
of dissociation increases, therefore the number of ions in the solution increases. ½
O
+ –
C—NH2 NH2 N2Cl NH2
Br Br
36. A= , B= , C= , D= , E= 2½
Benzamide Aniline Benzene Benzene
diazonium Br
chloride 2,4,6-Tri-
bromo aniline

Reactions involved:
O
+ –
C—NH2 NH2 N2Cl
Br2/KOH (aq) NaNO2/HCl

(A) (B)
0°C
(C)
2½
Br2 CH3CH2OH,
∆

NH2
Br Br
(D)

Br
(E)

OR
+ –
NH2 N2Cl F
(a) (i)
NaNO2/HCl HBF4 1
273–278 K ∆
Aniline Fluorobenzene
O
C—NH2 CH2—NH2
(i) LiAlH4/ether
(ii) (ii) H2O
1
Benzamide Benzylamine
+CH 3 —CH 2 —Cl
(iii) CH 3 —CH 2 —NH 2 CH 3 —CH 2 —NH—CH 2 —CH 3
Ethanamine N-Ethyl ethanamine
CH 3 1
|
CH 2
+CH 3 —CH 2 —Cl
|
CH 3 —CH 2 —N—CH 2 —CH 3
N, N-Diethyl ethanamine
O
||
(b) (i) A = CH 3 —CH 2 —C —NH 2 ;
B = CH3—CH2—NH2 1
Propanamide
Propanamide Ethanamine

(ii) A = CH3—CH2—CH2—NH2 ; B = CH3—CH2—CH2—OH 1

Propan-1-amine Propan-1-ol

37.
= (a) A FeCr
= 2 O4 ; B Na 2 CrO 4 ; C = Na 2 Cr2 O 7 ; D = K 2 Cr2 O 7 ½×4
Chromite ore Sodium Sodium Potassium
chromate dichromate dichromate
 (b) (i) This is due to comparable energies of 5f, 6d and 7s subshells in actionoids. 1
(ii) This is due to poorer shielding by 5f electrons in actinoids as compared to shielding by 4f
electrons in lanthanoids. 1
(iii) Early actionoids has lower ionisation enthalpy as compared to early lanthanoids because 5f
electrons are more effectively shielded from the nuclear charge than the 4f electrons of the
corresponding lanthanoids. 1
OR
(a) (i) Manganate (MnO 2–
ion disproportionate in acidic medium to permanganate (MnO 4–) ion and
4
)
manganese (IV) oxide. ½
VI VII IV
3MnO 2–
4
+ 4H + 2MnO 4– + MnO 2 + 2H 2 O ½

(ii) Lanthanum sulphide (La2S3) is formed. ½
Heat
2 La + 3S La 2 S3 ½
(b) (i) This is because the high energy to transform Cu(s) to Cu2+(aq) is not balanced by its hydration
enthalpy. 1
2+ 4 3
(ii) Cr is reducing as its configuration changes from d to d , the latter having a more stable
half-filled t2g level. On the other hand, the change from Mn3+ to Mn2+ results in the half-filled
configuration which has extra stability. 1
(iii) This is due to the increasing stability of the species of lower oxidation state to which they are
reduced. 1
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