This document discusses how different metals react with oxygen and acids. It provides examples of word and balanced chemical equations to represent these reactions. Key observations are described, such as metals burning or sparking when reacted with oxygen and the products formed. State symbols are also introduced. Practical experiments involving reacting metals with oxygen and observing flame colors are described.
This document discusses how different metals react with oxygen and acids. It provides examples of word and balanced chemical equations to represent these reactions. Key observations are described, such as metals burning or sparking when reacted with oxygen and the products formed. State symbols are also introduced. Practical experiments involving reacting metals with oxygen and observing flame colors are described.
This document discusses how different metals react with oxygen and acids. It provides examples of word and balanced chemical equations to represent these reactions. Key observations are described, such as metals burning or sparking when reacted with oxygen and the products formed. State symbols are also introduced. Practical experiments involving reacting metals with oxygen and observing flame colors are described.
This document discusses how different metals react with oxygen and acids. It provides examples of word and balanced chemical equations to represent these reactions. Key observations are described, such as metals burning or sparking when reacted with oxygen and the products formed. State symbols are also introduced. Practical experiments involving reacting metals with oxygen and observing flame colors are described.
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Metals and Oxygen!
Learning Objective: How do metals react with oxygen?
Describe a metal-acid State what is formed Compare the reactions of reaction with a word when metals react with different metals with equation and a particle acids. dilute acids. diagram.
Iron Iron Chloride + Hydrogen ____ 3. __________ Hydrochloric Acid + Lead ____ Lead Chloride +____ Hydrogen
4. Hydrochloric Acid + Copper Silver does not react
5. Hydrochloric Acid + Silver Silver does not react TOTAL 6. Hydrochloric Acid + Gold Gold does not react MARKS = 21 7. Sulfuric Acid + Zinc _______ Zinc Sulfate + Hydrogen
8. Sulfuric Acid + ____
Iron Iron ______ Sulfate + ____ Hydrogen
9. __________ Sulfuric Acid + Lead ____ Lead Sulfate +____ Hydrogen
10. Nitric Acid + Zinc _______
Zinc Nitrate + Hydrogen
11. Nitric Acid + ____
Iron Iron ______ Nitrate + ____ Hydrogen
12. __________ Nitric Acid + Lead ____ Lead Nitrate +____ Hydrogen RECAP: Metals and Acids Acids react with most metals, a salt and hydrogen gas is produced. This is the general word equation for the reaction: metal + acid → salt + hydrogen Salts are neutral. The salt produced depends upon the metal and the acid.
a. Calcium + hydrochloric acid calcium chloride + hydrogen b. Zinc + sulfuric acid zinc sulfate + hydrogen c. Iron + nitric acid iron nitrate + hydrogen Something to think about….
• What do you think this image shows?
• How do you think this happens?
What happens when we burn metals in oxygen? Have you ever burned magnesium in the lab? What did you see?
Magnesium burns vigorously. It reacts with
oxygen from the air. The product is magnesium oxide.
magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide
The reaction of any metal with oxygen,
in which the substance combines with oxygen, is an oxidation reaction. DEMO: Reactions of metals with oxygen Metal Word Equation AND Symbol Equation TASK: Observations reacting (challenge) to represent the reaction Watch the demo and complete the results table. iron
Challenge Lithium reacts explosively with oxygen in a Bunsen burner flame. calcium Use this information and your observations above to predict the reactivity of lithium compared to the metals you have sodium observed in this practical. Explain your answer.
magnesium DEMO: Reactions of metals with oxygen Challenge: Lithium reacts Metal Observations Word Equation AND Symbol Equation explosively with oxygen in a Bunsen reacting (challenge) to represent the reaction burner flame. Use this information Burns - sparks iron + oxygen → iron oxide and your observations above to iron predict the reactivity of lithium 4Fe(s) +3O2(g) → 2Fe2O3(s) compared to the metals you have observed in this practical. Explain calcium + oxygen → calcium oxide your answer. calcium Burns vigorously – 2Cu(s) +O2(g) → 2CuO(s) orange flame
sodium + oxygen → sodium oxide
sodium Violent reaction – 4Na(s) +O2(g) → 2Na2O(s) bright yellow flame magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide magnesium Burns vigorously – 2Mg(s) +O2(g) → 2MgO(s) bright white flame What happens when metals react with oxygen? What did you observe when we burned magnesium?
Magnesium burns vigorously. It reacts with oxygen from the air. The product is magnesium oxide.
magnesium + oxygen → magnesium oxide
2Mg(s) +O2(g) → 2MgO(s)
In the balanced equation above, (s) and (g) are state symbols: (s) means solid (g) means gas
Magnesium reacts with oxygen even when you do not heat it. If you leave magnesium in the air, its surface atoms react with oxygen. This forms a thin layer of magnesium oxide. State Symbols State symbols are written in symbol equations to tell us the state of the reactant and products in the reaction.
Symbol Meaning (s) solid (l) liquid (g) gas (aq) aqueous (dissolved in water) How do other metals react with oxygen? If you sprinkle zinc powder into a Bunsen flame, you see bright-white sparks. Zinc oxide forms:
zinc + oxygen → magnesium oxide
2Zn(s) +O2(g) → 2ZnO(s)
There is a similar reaction with iron filings. The product is iron oxide. Copper does not burn in a Bunsen flame. Instead, it forms black copper oxide on its surface. copper + oxygen → copper oxide 2Cu(s) +O2(g) → 2CuO(s)
Gold is unreactive. It does not burn. Its surface atoms do not react with oxygen. This explains why gold stays shiny. Class Practical: Flame Tests! • We are going to test some different metals and create some metal oxides.
• To make metal oxides you need to heat the metals in the Bunsen burner flame.
• Complete the results table below.
Metal Colour observed
Sodium Copper Potassium Lithium RESULTS:
Metal Colour observed
Sodium Yellow Copper Green Potassium Purple Lithium Red QUICK CHECK QUESTIONS
Q1. State the product(s) in the
reaction of a metal with oxygen. ANSWERS: Q2. State what an oxidation Q1. Metal oxide reaction is. Q2. The reaction of any metal with oxygen, in
Q3. Write a word equation for zinc which the substance combines with oxygen, is an reacting with oxygen. oxidation reaction. Q3. Zinc + oxygen → zinc oxide CHALLENGE: Write a balanced Q4. 2Zn(s) +O2(g) → 2ZnO(s) symbol equations for the reaction in Q3. Include state symbols. How do reactions with acids and oxygen compare? The reactivity of an element is its tendency to take part in chemical reactions. The greater the reactivity of an element, the more easily it reacts with other substances, and the more vigorous its reactions.
Metal Reaction with dilute acid Reaction with oxygen
Magnesium reacts very vigorously burns vigorously Zinc reacts steadily burns less vigorously Iron reacts steadily burns Lead reacts slowly do not burn; when heated, form layer of oxide on surface Copper no reaction do not burn; when heated, form layer of oxide on surface Gold Study the table TASK: no above reaction no reaction and pick a task to complete below. BRONZE: List the metals in the table in order of how vigorously they react with oxygen, starting with the most reactive. SILVER: Describe the trend/pattern in reactivity of metals with acid. GOLD: Compare the reactivity of metals with acid and oxygen. How do reactions with acids and oxygen compare? Metal Reaction with dilute acid Reaction with oxygen Magnesium reacts very vigorously burns vigorously Zinc reacts steadily burns less vigorously Iron reacts steadily burns Lead reacts slowly do not burn; when heated, form layer of oxide on surface Copper no reaction do not burn; when heated, form layer of oxide on surface Gold no reaction no reaction Magnesium reacts vigorously with dilute acids. It also burns in oxygen. Magnesium is a reactive metal. Gold does not react with dilute acids or with oxygen. It is unreactive. There is a pattern. Metals that react vigorously with dilute acids also react vigorously with oxygen. Metals that do not react with dilute acids do not react with oxygen. EXTENDED WRITTEN TASK Write a paragraph to explain why some metals loose their shine over time but gold does not.
Include examples of other metals and use word equations.
CHALLENGE: Include balanced symbol
equations and state symbols. SUMMARY QUESTIONS 1. Copy and complete the sentences below.
Some metals burn vigorously in air, for example, ____________. The products are metal ____________. Some metals form an oxide layer on their surface when heated, for example, ___________. Some metals, for example, do not react with oxygen. (4 marks)
2. Potassium reacts explosively with dilute hydrochloric acid. Predict how vigorously it reacts with oxygen, and the products of the reaction. Explain your answer. (4 marks)
CHALLENGE: Write the balanced formula equation for the reaction of calcium with oxygen. Include state symbols. (3 marks)
EXTENSION: Create a song or rap to describe patterns in the reactions of metals with acids and oxygen. (6 marks) EXIT TICKET: TRUE OR FALSE? TRUE 1. Metals combine with oxygen to form metal oxides.
2. Some metals will not react with oxygen. TRUE
3. Magnesium is less reactive than copper. FALSE
4. All metals rust in air. FALSE
5. Water is also formed when metals react with oxygen to form metal
oxides. FALSE
6. Air is a mixture containing oxygen. TRUE
7. All metals have to be heated before they will react with oxygen. FALSE
