DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES, FACULTY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA
STQM1223 LINEAR ALGEBRA
TUTORIAL 10: INNER PRODUCT
1. Given the inner product 〈𝐮, 𝐯〉: 𝑉 → ℝ and the basis set of 𝑉 named 𝑄.
i. Show that 𝑄 is not an orthogonal basis of 𝑉.
ii. Obtain the orthonormal basis of 𝑉 using the Gram-Schmidt process on 𝑄.
a) 〈𝐮, 𝐯〉: ℝ2 → ℝ, 〈𝐮, 𝐯〉 = 〈(𝑢1 , 𝑢2 ), (𝑣1 , 𝑣2 )〉 = 3𝑢1 𝑣1 + 4𝑢2 𝑣2 , 𝑄 = {(1,4), (3,2)}.
b) 〈𝐮, 𝐯〉: ℝ3 → ℝ, 〈𝐮, 𝐯〉 = 〈(𝑢1 , 𝑢2 , 𝑢3 ), (𝑣1 , 𝑣2 , 𝑣3 )〉 = 𝑢1 𝑣1 + 𝑢2 𝑣2 + 𝑢3 𝑣3 ,
𝑄 = {(1,1,1), (3,4,2), (5,0,1)}.
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
c) 〈𝐮, 𝐯〉: 𝑀2x2 → ℝ, 〈𝐮, 𝐯〉 = 〈𝑈, 𝑉〉 = sur(𝑈 𝑇 𝑉), 𝑄 = {[ ],[ ],[ ],[ ]}.
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
d) 〈𝐮, 𝐯〉: 𝑃1 → ℝ, 〈𝐮, 𝐯〉 = 〈𝑢0 + 𝑢1 𝑥, 𝑣0 + 𝑣1 𝑥〉 = 𝑢0 𝑣0 + 𝑢1 𝑣1 , 𝑄 = {1 + 𝑥, 3 + 4𝑥}.
e) 〈𝐮, 𝐯〉: 𝑃2 → ℝ, 〈𝐮, 𝐯〉 = 〈𝑢0 + 𝑢1 𝑥 + 𝑢2 𝑥 2 , 𝑣0 + 𝑣1 𝑥 + 𝑣2 𝑥 2 〉 = 𝑢0 𝑣0 + 𝑢1 𝑣1 + 𝑢2 𝑣2 ,
𝑄 = {1 + 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 , 3 + 4𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 , 5 + 𝑥 2 }.
2. Answer these questions.
a) Show that the 𝑧-axis is the orthogonal complement of the 𝑥𝑦-plane in the Euclidean plane ℝ3 ,
such that 𝑊 = {(0, 𝑦, 𝑧) ∈ ℝ3 } and 𝑊 ⊥ = {(𝑥, 0,0) ∈ ℝ3 } .
3. Given that 𝐴 is orthogonally diagonalizable, obtain 𝑃̂ that diagonalizes 𝐴 such that 𝐷 = 𝑃̂ 𝐓 𝐴𝑃̂.
i. Obtain a matrix 𝑃 that diagonalizes 𝐴.
ii. Take each column of 𝑃 as a vector in the corresponding vector space. Assume these
vectors form a set.
iii. Determine if this set is orthonormal. If not obtain the orthonormal set using the Gram-
Schmidt process.
0 1
a) 𝐴 = [ ]
1 0
1 1
b) 𝐴 = [ ]
1 0
1 0 1
c) 𝐴 = [0 1 1]
1 1 0
