Formative questions BCDT
Pathology
1) A 71-year-old woman had an occlusion to her left middle cerebral artery.
Her computed tomographic (CT) scan shows a large 5 cm cystic area in
her left parietal lobe cortex of the brain. This CT finding is most likely
due to which of the following cellular events?
a) Liquefactive necrosis
b) Atrophy
c) Coagulative necrosis
d) Caseous necrosis
e) Apoptosis
Correct answer a
2) An irreversible injury to myocardial fibers due to coronary artery
occlusion (>90%) predominates when which of the following cellular
changes occurs?
a) Glycogen stores are depleted
b) Cytoplasmic sodium increases
c) Nuclei undergo karyorrhexis
d) Intracellular pH diminishes
e) Blebs form on cell membranes
Correct answer c
3) Which of the following cellular processes occurs in the breast during
pregnancy preparing for lactation?
a) Stromal hypertrophy
b) Epithelial dysplasia
c) Steatocyte atrophy
d) Ductal epithelial metaplasia
e) Lobular hyperplasia
Correct answer e
4) An 84-year-old man dies. At autopsy, his heart is small and dark brown
on sectioning. Microscopically, there is light brown perinuclear pigment
Which of the following substances is mostly the cause?
a) Hemosiderin from iron overload
b) Lipochrome from 'wear and tear'
c) Glycogen from a storage disease
d) Cholesterol from atherosclerosis
e) Calcium deposition following necrosis
Correct answer b
5) A 48-year-old woman has a malignant lymphoma. She is treated with a
chemotherapeutic agent which results in the loss of individual neoplastic
cells through fragmentation of individual cell nuclei and cytoplasm. Over
the next 2 months, the lymphoma decreases in size. By which of the
following mechanisms has her neoplasm primarily responded to therapy?
a) Coagulative necrosis
b) Mitochondrial poisoning
c) Phagocytosis
d) Acute inflammation
e) Apoptosis
Correct answer e
6) A 54-year-old man with a chronic cough undergone lung operation, the
thoracic surgeon notes jet black colour throughout the lung. Which of the
following is the most likely cause for this appearance?
a) Anthracotic pigment
b) Lipochrome deposits
c) Melanin accumulation
d) Hemosiderosis
e) Metastatic carcinoma
Correct answer a
7) A 64-year-old woman presents with fever, chills, headache, neck stiffness, vomiting, and
confusion. She was diagnosed as bacterial meningitis, and brain imaging demonstrates a
localized abscess. Which of the following types of necrosis is most characteristic of abscess
formation?
A. Caseous
B. Coagulative
C. Fibrinoid
D.Gangrenous
E. Liquefactive
Correct answer E
8) A 40-year-old man known to be heavy smoker. He complains of hoarseness of voice.
Laryngoscopic biopsy is taken and sent for pathological examination. Respiratory laryngeal
epithelium is transformed to squamous epithelium in response to chronic irritation of
smoking. What is the adaptive mechanism that has occurred in this case?
A. Aplasia
B. Apoptosis
C. Atrophy
D. Hypertrophy
E. Metaplasia
Correct answer E
9) A 56-year-old man complained of heartburn for several years, following meals. The
biopsies from lower oesophagus demonstrate the transformation of the squamous
epithelium to columnar epithelium with goblet cells. What is the adaptive mechanism that
has occurred in this case?
A.Aplasia
B. Dysplasia
C. Hyperplasia
D.Metaplasia
E. Neoplasia
Correct answer D
10) A 60-year-old man who was 185 cm tall and weighed 75 kg had blood pressure
measurements in the range of 150/90 to 180/110 mm Hg, but he did not regularly take
medications. At autopsy, his heart weighed 540 gm primarily because of which of the
following processes involving the myocardial fibers:
A. Edema
B. Fatty degeneration
C. Fatty infiltration
D. Hyperplasia
E. Hypertrophy
Correct answer E
11) A 67-year-old man with severe “crushing” chest pain died after 24- hours due to
myocardial infarction. What type of necrosis is likely to occur in the myocardium of this
case?
A.Caseous
B.Coagulative
C.Fibrinoid
D.Gangrenous
E.Liquefactive
Correct answer B
