Exemplar Class 9 CBSE Math

NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths
EXERCISE- 2.1
Question 1:
Which one of the following is a polynomial?
x2 2
( A) - (B) 2 x - 1
2 x2
3
3x2
x -1
(C ) x 2 + (D)
x x+2
Answer 1:
3
3x2
(C ) x 2 +
x
Solution.
3
3x 2 3x x
x2 + = x2 + = x 2 + 3x
x x
The exponent of the variable after simplification is a whole

number, so it is a polynomial.
Hence, the option (C) is correct.
Question 2:
√2 is a polynomial of degree
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 12
Answer 2:
1
(B) 0
Solution: √2=√2.𝑥0
The exponent of the variable after simplification is 0, so it is a

polynomial of degree 0.
Hence, the option (B) is correct.
Question 3: Degree of the polynomial 4x4 + 0x3+ 0x5 + 5x + 7

is
(A) 4 (B) 5
(C) 3 (D) 7
Answer 3:
(A) 4
Solution:
4x4 + 0x3+ 0x5 + 5x + 7
The highest exponent of the variable is 4, so it is a polynomial

of degree 4.
Hence, the option (A) is correct.
Question 4:
Degree of the zero polynomial is
(A) 0
2
(B) 1
(C) Any natural number
(D) Not defined
Answer 4:
(D) Not defined
Solution:
The highest exponent of the variable can be any whole number

in zero polynomial, so its degree can’t be defined.
Hence, the option (D) is correct.
Question 5:
If (𝑥) = 𝑥2 – 2√2𝑥 +1, then p (2 √2) is equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 4√2 (D) 8 √2 +1
Answer 5:
(B) 1
Solution:
Given polynomial: (𝑥) = 𝑥2 – 2√2𝑥 +1
So, (2 √2)
3
= (2 √2)2 – 2√2(2 √2) +1=8−8+1=1
Question 6:
The value of the polynomial 5x – 4x2 + 3, when x = –1 is
(A) – 6 (B) 6
(C) 2 (D) –2
Answer 6:
(A) – 6
Solution:
Given polynomial: (𝑥) = 5𝑥 – 4𝑥2 + 3
So, (−1)= 5(−1) – 4(−1)2 + 3=−5−4+3=−6
Hence, the option (A) is correct.
Question 7:
If p(x ) = x + 3, then p( x) + p(–x) is equal to
(A) 3 (B) 2x
(C) 0 (D) 6
Answer 7:
(D) 6
4
Solution:
Given polynomial: (𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3
So, (𝑥) + (−𝑥)= 𝑥 + 3+(− 𝑥)+ 3=𝑥−𝑥+6=6
Question 8:
Zero of the zero polynomial is
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) Any real number
(D) Not defined
Answer 8:
(C) Any real number
Solution:
Every real number is a zero of a zero polynomial.
Question 9:
Zero of the polynomial p(x) = 2x + 5 is
5
2 5
(A) - (B) -
5 2
2 5
(C) (D)
5 2
Answer 9:
5
(B) -
2
Solution:
Given polynomial: (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5
For zeroes, (𝑥)=0
⟹ 2𝑥 + 5=0
⟹ 2𝑥=−5
5
⟹ 𝑥= -
2
Question 10:
One of the zeroes of the polynomial 2x2 + 7x – 4 is
1
(A) 2 (B)
2
1
(C) - (D) -2
2
Answer 10:
6
1
(B)
2
Solution:
Given polynomial: (𝑥)= 2𝑥2 + 7𝑥− 4
For zeroes, (𝑥)=0
⟹ 2𝑥2 + 7𝑥− 4=0
⟹ 2𝑥2 + 8𝑥−𝑥− 4=0
⟹ 2(𝑥+4) −1(𝑥+ 4)=0
⟹ (𝑥+4)(2𝑥−1)=0
⟹ 𝑥+4=0 or 2𝑥−1=0
1
⟹ 𝑥=−4 or 𝑥=
2
1
⟹ 𝑥= is one of the zeroes of the given polynomial.
2
Question 11:
If 𝑥51 + 51 is divided by x + 1, the remainder is
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 49 (D) 50
Answer 11:
7
(D) 50
Solution:
Given polynomial: (𝑥)= 𝑥51 + 51
Using remainder theorem, if (𝑥)= 𝑥51 + 51 is divided by x + 1,

the remainder is given by
For zeroes, (−1)= (−1)51 + 51=−1+51=50
Question 12:
If x + 1 is a factor of the polynomial 2x2 + kx, then the value of

k is
(A) –3 (B) 4
(C) 2 (D) –2
Answer 12:
(C) 2
Solution:
Given polynomial: (𝑥)= 2𝑥2 + 𝑘𝑥
According to factor theorem, if (𝑥)= 2𝑥2 + 𝑘𝑥 is divided by x +

1, the remainder is 0. ⟹(−1)=0 ⟹2(−1)2 + 𝑘(−1)=0 ⟹2− 𝑘=0
⟹ 𝑘=2
8
Question 13:
x + 1 is a factor of the polynomial
(A) x3+ x2– x + 1 (B) x3 + x2 + x + 1
(C) x4+ x3 + x2 + 1 (D) x4 + 3x3 + 3x2 + x + 1
Answer 13:
(B) x3 + x2 + x + 1
Solution:
According to factor theorem, if the polynomial is divided by x +

1, the remainder is 0.
In case (A), (𝑥)= x3+ x2– x + 1

⟹𝑝(−1)=(−1)3+(−1)2−(−1)+1=−1+1+1+1=2≠0
So, x + 1 is not a factor of this polynomial.
In case (B), (𝑥)= x3 + x2 + x + 1

⟹𝑝(−1)=(−1)3+(−1)2+(−1)+1=−1+1−1+1=0
So, x + 1 is a factor of this polynomial.
In case (C), (𝑥)= x4+ x3 + x2 + 1

⟹𝑝(−1)=(−1)4+(−1)3+(−1)2+1=1−1+1+1=2≠0
9
In case (D), (𝑥)= x4 + 3x3 + 3x2 + x + 1

⟹𝑝(−1)=(−1)4+3(−1)3+3(−1)2+(−1)+1 =1−3+3−1+1=1≠0
Question 14:
One of the factors of (25𝑥2−1) + (1 + 5𝑥)2 is
(A) 5 + x (B) 5 – x (C) 5x – 1 (D) 10x
Answer 14:
(D) 10x
Solution:
Given polynomial: (𝑥)= (25𝑥2−1) + (1 + 5𝑥)2 𝑝(𝑥)= (25𝑥2−1) +

(1+25x2+10𝑥) =50𝑥2+10𝑥 =10𝑥(5𝑥+1)
⟹10𝑥 and 5𝑥+1 are the factors of given polynomial.
Question 15:
The value of 2492 – 2482 is
(A) 12 (B) 477
(C) 487 (D) 497
10
Answer 15:
(D) 497
Solution:
Given expression: 2492 – 2482
= (249−248)×(249+248)
[∵ a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b)] =1×497 =497
Question 16:
The factorisation of 4x2 + 8x + 3 is
(A) (x + 1) (x + 3) (B) (2x + 1) (2x + 3)
(C) (2x + 2) (2x + 5) (D) (2x –1) (2x –3)
Answer 16:
(B) (2x + 1) (2x + 3)
Solution:
Given Polynomial: 4x2 + 8x + 3
= 4𝑥2+6𝑥+2𝑥+3
[𝐵𝑦 Splitting middle term] =2(2𝑥+3)+1(2𝑥+3) =(2𝑥+3)(2𝑥+1)
11
Question 17:
Which of the following is a factor of
(x + y)3 – (x3 + y3)?
(A) x2 + y2+ 2xy (B) x2 + y2– xy
(C) xy2 (D) 3xy
Answer 17:
(D) 3xy
Solution:
Given Polynomial: (x + y)3 – (x3 + y3)
= (𝑥3+𝑦3+3𝑥2𝑦+3𝑥𝑦2)−(𝑥3+𝑦3) [∵ (a + b)3 = (a3 + b3

+3a2b+3ab2)] =3𝑥2𝑦+3𝑥𝑦2 =3𝑥𝑦(𝑥+𝑦)
⟹ 3𝑥𝑦 and (𝑥+𝑦) are factors of given polynomial.
Question 18:
The coefficient of x in the expansion of (x + 3)3 is
(A) 1 (B) 9
(C) 18 (D) 27
Answer 18:
12
(D) 27
Solution:
Given Polynomial: (x + 3)3
= 𝑥3+33+3𝑥2(3)+3𝑥(3)2 [∵ (a + b)3 = (a3 + b3 +3a2b+3ab2)]

=𝑥3+27+9𝑥2+27𝑥
⟹ The coefficient of x in the expansion
(x + 3)3 is 27.
Question 19:
x y
If + =−1 (𝑥,≠0), the value of 𝑥3−𝑦3 is
y x
(A) 1 (B) –1
1
(C) 0 (D)
2
Answer 19:
(C) 0
Solution:
x y
Given that: + = -1
y x
13
x2 + y 2
Þ = -1
xy
⟹𝑥2+𝑦2=−𝑥𝑦 ⟹𝑥2+𝑦2+𝑥𝑦=0
Now, 𝑥3−𝑦3
= (𝑥−𝑦)(𝑥2+𝑦2+𝑥𝑦) [∵ a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)] = (𝑥−𝑦)(0)

=0
Question 20:
1 1
If 49𝑥2−𝑏=( 7𝑥+ )(7𝑥− ), then the value of b is
2 2
1
(A) 0 (B)
2
1 1
(C) (D)
4 2
Answer 20:
1
(C)
4
Solution:
1 1 1
Given that: 49𝑥2−𝑏=( 7𝑥+ )(7𝑥− ) ⟹49𝑥2−𝑏=(7𝑥)2−( )2
2 2 2
⟹49𝑥2−𝑏=49𝑥2−14
14
1
⟹𝑏=
4
Question 21:
If a + b + c = 0, then a3+ b3+ c3 is equal to
(A) 0 (B) abc
(C) 3abc (D) 2abc
Answer 21:
(C) 3abc
Solution:
We know that:
𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3−3𝑎𝑏𝑐=(𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)(𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2−𝑎𝑏−𝑏𝑐−𝑐𝑎)
If a + b + c = 0, then we have
𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3−3𝑎𝑏𝑐=(0)(𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2−𝑎𝑏−𝑏𝑐−𝑐𝑎) ⟹𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3−3𝑎𝑏𝑐=0
⟹𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3=3𝑎𝑏𝑐
EXERCISE- 2.2
Question 1:
15
Which of the following expressions are polynomials? Justify your

answer:
(i) 8 (ii) √3 x2 – 2x
1
(iii) 1– √5𝑥 (iv) + 5x + 7
5 x -2
( x - 2)(x - 4) 1
(v) (vi)
x x +1
1 3 2 2
(vii) a - a + 4a - 7
7 3
1
(viii)
2x
Answer 1:
(i) 8
Given expression is 8 = 8x0
As the exponent of the variable is a whole number.
Hence, it is a polynomial.
(ii) √3x2 – 2x
Given expression is √3x2 – 2x
(iii) 1– √5𝑥
16
1
Given expression is 1– √5𝑥= 1 - 5( x) 2
As the exponent of the variable is ½ (not a whole number).
Hence, it is not a polynomial.
1 1
(iv) -2
+ 5x + 7 = x2 + 5x + 7
5x 5
( x - 2)( x - 4)
(v )
x
( x - 2)( x - 4)
Given expression is
x
x2 - 6 x + 8
= 1 - 6 x -1 + 8 x -2
x
As the exponent of the variable is not a whole number.
1
(vi)
x +1
1
Given expression is=
x +1
As the exponent of the variable is not a whole number.
17
1 2 2
(vii) a3 - a + 4a - 7
7 3
1 3 2 2
Given expression is a - a + 4a - 7
7 3
1
(viii )
2x
1 1 -1
Given expression is = x
2x 2
As the exponent of the variable is – 1 (not a whole number).
Question 2:
Write whether the following statements are True or False. Justify

your answer.
(i) A binomial can have at most two terms
(ii) Every polynomial is a binomial
(iii) A binomial may have degree 5
(iv) Zero of a polynomial is always 0
(v) A polynomial cannot have more than one zero
18
(vi) The degree of the sum of two polynomials each of degree 5

is always 5.
Answer 2:
(i) False
Because a binomial has exactly two terms.
(ii) False
Because a polynomial can be monomial, binomial, trinomial, etc.
For example:
x5 + x + 1 is a polynomial but not a binomial.
(iii) True
Because the degree of a polynomial is a whole number. So,

degree can be 5 also.
(iv) False
Because zero of a polynomial can be any real number.
(v) False
A polynomial can have any number of zeroes. It depends upon

the degree of the polynomial.
(vi) False
It may be less than or equal to 5.
19
For example:
Case: I
x5 + 1 and – x5 + 2x2 + 3 are two polynomials of degree 5 but

the degree of the sum of the two polynomials is 2.
Case: II
x5 + 1 and x5 + 2x2 + 3 are two polynomials of degree 5 but the

degree of the sum of the two polynomials is 5.
EXERCISE- 2.3
Question 1:
Classify the following polynomials as polynomials in one variable,

two variables etc.
(i) x2+ x + 1 (ii) y3 – 5y
(iii) xy + yz + zx (iv) x2 – 2xy + y2+ 1
Answer 1:
(i) x2+ x + 1
Solution-
It is a polynomial in one variable (x is the only variable).
(ii) y3 – 5y
20
It is a polynomial in one variable (y is the only variable).
(iii) xy + yz + zx
It is a polynomial in three variables (x, y and z are the variables).
(iv) x2 – 2xy + y2+ 1
It is a polynomial in two variables (x and y are the variables).
Question 2:
Determine the degree of each of the following polynomials:
(i) 2x – 1 (ii) –10
(iii) x3 – 9x + 3x5 (iv) y3 (1 – y4)
Answer 2:
The maximum exponent of the variable of a polynomial is the

degree of polynomial.
(i) 2x – 1
The maximum exponent of the variable is 1. So, the degree is 1.
(ii) –10 = –10x0
(iii) x3 – 9x + 3x5
The maximum exponent of the variable is 5.
21
So, the degree is 5.
(iv) y3 (1 – y4) = y3 – y7
The maximum exponent of the variable is 7.
So, the degree is 7.
Question 3:
x3 + 2 x + 1 7 2 6
For the polynomial - x - x , write
5 2
(i) the degree of the polynomial
(ii) the coefficient of x3
(iii) the coefficient of x6
(iv) the constant term
Answer 3:
(i) 6
x3 + 2 x + 1 7 2 6
(ii) Given that: - x -x
5 2
x3 2 x + 1 7 2 6
= + - x -x
5 5 2
1
The coefficient of 𝑥3 is
5
22
(iii) −1
The coefficient of 𝑥6 is −1.
(iv) Given that:
x3 + 2 x + 1 7 2
- x - x6
5 2
3
x 2x 1 7 2
= + + - x - x6
5 5 5 2
1
The constant term is .
5
Question 4:
Write the coefficient of x2 in each of the following:
p
(i) x +𝑥2−1 (ii) 3x – 5
6
(iii) (x –1) (3x – 4)
(iv) (2x – 5) (2x2 – 3x + 1)
Answer 4:
(i) 1
p
The coefficient of x2 in x +𝑥2−1 is 1.
6
(ii) 0
The coefficient of x2 in 3x – 5 is 0 as there is not any term

containing x2.
23
(iii) Given that: (x –1) (3x – 4) =3𝑥2−7𝑥+4
The coefficient of x2 in 3𝑥2−7𝑥+4 is 3.
(iv) Given that: (2x – 5) (2x2 – 3x + 1) =4𝑥3−16𝑥2+17𝑥−5
The coefficient of x2 in 4𝑥3−16𝑥2+17𝑥−5 is −16.
Question 5:
Classify the following as a constant, linear, quadratic and cubic

polynomials:
(i) 2 – x2 + x3 (ii) 3x3
(iii) 5t – √7 (iv) 4 – 5y2
(v) 3 (vi) 2 + x (vii) y3 – y
(viii) 1 + x + x2
(ix) t2 (x) √2x – 1
Answer 5:
Constant Polynomial: A polynomial of degree 0
Linear Polynomial: A polynomial of degree 1
Quadratic Polynomial: A polynomial of degree 2
Cubic Polynomial: A polynomial of degree 3
24
(i) Cubic (ii) Cubic (iii) Linear (iv) Quadratic (v) Constant (vi)
Linear (vii) Cubic (viii) Quadratic (ix) Quadratic (x) Linear
Question 6:
Give an example of a polynomial, which is:
(i) monomial of degree 1
(ii) binomial of degree 20
(iii) trinomial of degree 2
Answer 6:
(i) monomial of degree 1 = 10x
(ii) binomial of degree 20 = y20 – y
(iii) trinomial of degree 2 = 1 + x + x2
Question 7:
Find the value of the polynomial 3𝑥3 – 4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 – 5, when x = 3

and also when x = –3.
Answer 7:
Let (𝑥)=3𝑥3 – 4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 – 5
So, the value of 3𝑥3 – 4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 – 5, when x = 3 is given by (3)

=3(3)3 – 4(3)2 + 7(3) – 5 =81 – 36 + 21 – 5 =102 – 41 =61
25
The value of 3𝑥3 – 4𝑥2 + 7𝑥 – 5, when x = –3 is given by (−3)

=3(−3)3 – 4(−3)2 + 7(−3) – 5 =−81−36− 21 – 5 =−143
Question 8:
1
If (𝑥)=𝑥2 – 4𝑥 + 3, evaluate: 𝑝(2)−𝑝(−1)+𝑝( ).
2
Answer 8:
Given that: (𝑥)=𝑥2 – 4𝑥 + 3
So, (2)=(2)2− 4(2)+3 =4− 8+3 =7 – 8 =−1
(−1) =(−1)2− 4(−1)+3 =1+ 4+3 = 8
1 1 1
( ) =( )2− 4( )+3
2 2 2
1 1 5
= − 2+3 = +1=
4 4 4
1 5 5 5 31
Now, (2)−𝑝(−1)+𝑝( ) =−1−8+ =−9+ =−36+ = -
2 4 4 4 4
Question 9:
Find (0),(1),𝑝(−2) for the following polynomials:
(i) (𝑥)=10𝑥−4𝑥2 –3
(ii) (𝑦)=(y + 2) (y – 2)
Answer 9:
(i) (𝑥)=10𝑥−4𝑥2 –3
26
Given that: (𝑥)=10𝑥−4𝑥2 –3
So (0)=10(0)−4(0)2−3 =0− 0−3 = −3
(1) =10(1)−4(1)2−3 =10−4−3 = 10−7 =3
(−2) =10(−2)−4(−2)2−3 =−20−16−3 = −39
(ii) (𝑦)=(y + 2) (y – 2)
Given that: (𝑦)=(y + 2) (y – 2)
So, (0)=(0 + 2) (0 – 2) =(2) (−2) =−4
(1)=(1 + 2) (1 – 2) =(3) (−1) =−3
(−2)=(−2 + 2) (−2 – 2) =(0) (−4) =0
Question 10:
Verify whether the following are True or False:
(i) –3 is a zero of x – 3
1
(ii) - is a zero of 3x + 1
3
4
(iii) - is a zero of 4 –5y
5
(iv) 0 and 2 are the zeroes of t2 – 2t
(v) –3 is a zero of y2 + y – 6
Answer 10:
27
(i) False
(𝑥)=𝑥 –3 ⟹(−3)=−3 –3=−6≠0
⟹ −3 is not a zero of 𝑥 –3.
(ii) True
1 1
(𝑥)=3𝑥+1 ⟹( - )=3( - )+1=−1+1=0
3 3
1
⟹ - is a zero of 3𝑥+1.
3
(iii) False
(𝑦)=4 –5y
4 4
⟹(− )=4−5(− )=4+4=8≠0
5 5
4
⟹− is not a zero of 4 –5y.
5
(iv) True
(𝑡)=t2 – 2t ⟹(0)=(0)2−2(0)=0−0=0
⟹ 0 is a zero of t2 – 2t.
And (2)=(2)2−2(2)=4−4=0
⟹ 2 is a zero of t2 – 2t.
(v) True
28
(𝑦)=y2+ y – 6
⟹(−3)=(−3)2+ (−3) – 6=9−3−6=0
⟹ −3 is a zero of y2+ y – 6.
Question 11:
Find the zeroes of the polynomial in each of the following:
(i) p(x) = x – 4 (ii) g(x) = 3 – 6x
(iii) q(x) = 2x –7 (iv) h(y) = 2y
Answer 11:
(i) (𝑥)=𝑥 –4
For zeroes, put (𝑥)=0 ⟹𝑥−4=0
⟹ 𝑥=4.
(ii) (𝑥)=3−6𝑥
For zeroes, put (𝑥)=0 ⟹3−6𝑥=0
3 1
⟹ 𝑥= = .
6 2
(iii) (𝑥)=2x –7
For zeroes, put (𝑥)=0 ⟹2x –7=0
7
⟹ 𝑥= .
2
29
(iv) ℎ(𝑦)=2y
For zeroes, put ℎ(𝑥)=0 ⟹2y =0
0
⟹ 𝑦= =0.
2
Question 12:
Find the zeroes of the polynomial:
(𝑥)=(𝑥 –2)2−(𝑥+2)2
Answer 12:
Given that: (𝑥)=(𝑥 –2)2−(𝑥+2)2
For zeroes, put (𝑥)=0
⟹(𝑥 –2)2−(𝑥+2)2=0
⟹ (𝑥2−4𝑥+4)−(𝑥2+4𝑥+4)=0
⟹ 𝑥2−4𝑥+4−𝑥2−4𝑥−4=0 ⟹−8𝑥=0
0
⟹𝑥= =0
-8
Question 13:
By actual division, find the quotient and the remainder when the
first polynomial is divided by the second polynomial: x4 + 1; x
–1
Answer 13:
30
We have to divide x4 + 1 by x –1.
Quotient = x3 + x2 + x + 1
Remainder = 2
Question 14:
By Remainder Theorem find the remainder, when p(x) is divided

by g(x), where (i) (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 2𝑥2 – 4𝑥 – 1,
(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1
(ii) (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 3𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 50, (𝑥) = 𝑥 – 3
(iii) (𝑥) = 4𝑥3 – 12𝑥2 + 14𝑥 – 3, (𝑥) = 2𝑥 – 1
(iv) (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 6𝑥2 + 2𝑥 – 4, (𝑥) = 1 – 32 𝑥
Answer 14:
31
(i). We have (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 2𝑥2 – 4𝑥 – 1, (𝑥) = 𝑥 + 1
Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 𝑥 + 1=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =−1
According to remainder theorem if (𝑥) is divided by (𝑥), the

remainder is given by (−1) = (−1)3 – 2(−1)2 – 4(−1) – 1 = −1
– 2+4−1 = 0
(ii). We have (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 3𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 50, (𝑥) = 𝑥 – 3
Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 𝑥 – 3=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =3

remainder is given by (3) = (3)3 – 3(3)2+ 4(3)+50 = 27 –
27+12+50 = 62
(iii). We have (𝑥) = 4𝑥3 – 12𝑥2 + 14𝑥 – 3, (𝑥) = 2𝑥 – 1
Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 2𝑥 – 1=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =12

1 1 1 1
remainder is given by ( ) = 4( )3 – 12( )2+ 14( )−3
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
= 4× –12× +14× −3
8 4 2
1 3
= −3+7−3=
2 2
3
(iv). We have (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 6𝑥2 + 2𝑥 – 4, (𝑥) = 1 – 𝑥
2
32
3
Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 1 – 𝑥=0
2
2
⟹𝑥=
3

2 2 2 2
remainder is given by ( ) = ( )3− 6( )2+ 2( )−4
3 3 3 3
8 - 72 + 36 - 108
=
8 4 2 8 24 4 27
= –6× +2× −4 = − + −4
27 9 3 27 9 3 44 - 180 136
= =-
27 27
Question 15:
Check whether (𝑥) is a multiple of (𝑥) or not:
(i) (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 5𝑥2 + 4𝑥 – 3, (𝑥) = 𝑥 – 2
(ii) (𝑥)= 2𝑥3 – 11𝑥2− 4𝑥+5, 𝑔(𝑥)= 2𝑥+1
Answer 15:
(i). We have (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 5𝑥2 + 4𝑥 – 3, (𝑥) = 𝑥 – 2
Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 𝑥−2=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =2
According to factor theorem if (𝑥) is a multiple of (𝑥), the

remainder (2) should be zero.
Remainder =(2) = (2)3 – 5(2)2+ 4(2) – 3 = 8 – 20+8−3 =

16−23=−7≠0
33
⟹ (𝑥) is not a multiple of (𝑥).
(ii). We have (𝑥)= 2𝑥3 – 11𝑥2− 4𝑥+5, 𝑔(𝑥)= 2𝑥+1
Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 2𝑥+1=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =−g
According to factor theorem if (𝑥) is a multiple of (𝑥), the

1
remainder (− ) should be zero.
2
1
Remainder =(− )
2
1 1 1
= 2(− )3−11(− )2− 4(− )+5
2 2 2
1 1 1
= −2× −11× +4× +5
8 4 2
1 11 12
=− − +2+5 = − +7
4 4 4
= −3+7 = 4≠0
⟹ (𝑥) is not a multiple of (𝑥).
Question 16:
Show that:
(i) 𝑥+3 is a factor of 69+11𝑥−𝑥2+𝑥3.
(ii) 2𝑥−3 is a factor of 𝑥+2𝑥3 – 9𝑥2+12.
Answer 16:
34
(i). We have (𝑥) = 69+11𝑥−𝑥2+𝑥3, (𝑥)= 𝑥+3
Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 𝑥+3=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =−3
According to factor theorem if (𝑥) is a factor of (𝑥), the remainder

(−3) should be zero.
Remainder =(−3) = 69+11(−3)−(−3)2+(−3)3 = 69−33−9−27

= 69−69=0
⟹ (𝑥) is a factor of (𝑥).
(ii). We have (𝑥)= 𝑥+2𝑥3 – 9𝑥2+12, 𝑔(𝑥)= 2𝑥−3
3
Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 2𝑥−3=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =
2

3
( ) should be zero.
2
3
Remainder =( )
2
3 3 3
= ( )+2( )3 – 9( )2+12
2 2 2
3 27 81
= + − +12
2 4 4
6 + 27 - 81 + 48
=
4
81 - 81
= =0
4
35
Question 17:
Determine which of the following polynomials has x – 2 a factor:
(i) 3𝑥2+6𝑥−24. (ii) 4𝑥2+𝑥−2.
Answer 17:
(i). We have (𝑥)
= 3𝑥2+6𝑥−24, (𝑥)= 𝑥−2
Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 𝑥−2=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =2

(2) should be zero.
Remainder =(2) = 3(2)2+6(2)−24 = 12+12−24 = 24−24=0
(ii). We have (𝑥)= 4𝑥2+𝑥−2, 𝑔(𝑥)= 𝑥−2
Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹ 𝑥−2=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =2

(2) should be zero.
Remainder =(2) = 4(2)2+(2)−2 = 16+2−2 =16≠0
⟹ (𝑥) is not a factor of (𝑥).
36
Question 18:
Show that p – 1 is a factor of p10 – 1 and also of p11 – 1.
Answer 18:
We have (𝑝) = 𝑝10−1, ℎ(𝑝)= 𝑝−1
Put ℎ(𝑝)=0 ⟹ 𝑝−1=0 ⟹ 𝑝 =1
According to factor theorem if ℎ(𝑝) is a factor of 𝑔(𝑝), the

remainder 𝑔(1) should be zero.
Remainder =(1) = (1)10−1 = 1−1=0
⟹ ℎ(𝑝) is a factor of 𝑔(𝑝).
Now, we have (𝑝) = 𝑝11−1, ℎ(𝑝)= 𝑝−1
Put ℎ(𝑝)=0 ⟹ 𝑝−1=0 ⟹ 𝑝 =1
According to factor theorem if ℎ(𝑝) is a factor of 𝑓(𝑝), the

remainder 𝑓(1) should be zero.
Remainder =(1) = (1)11−1 = 1−1=0
⟹ ℎ(𝑝) is a factor of 𝑓(𝑝).
Question 19:
For what value of m is 𝑥3 – 2𝑚𝑥2 + 16 divisible by x + 2?
Answer 19:
37
We have (𝑥) = 𝑥3 – 2𝑚𝑥2 + 16, (𝑥)= 𝑥+2
Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹𝑥+2=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =−2
According to factor theorem if (𝑥) is divisible by (𝑥), the

remainder (−2) should be zero.
Remainder =(−2)=0
⟹ (−2)3− 2(−2)2 + 16=0
⟹ −8−8𝑚+ 16=0
⟹ 8−8𝑚=0
⟹ 8𝑚=8
⟹ 𝑚=1
Question 20:
If 𝑥+2𝑎 is a factor of 𝑥5 – 4𝑎2𝑥3 + 2𝑥+2𝑎+3, find a.
Answer 20:
We have (𝑥)= 𝑥5 – 4𝑎2𝑥3 + 2𝑥+2𝑎+3, 𝑔(𝑥)= 𝑥+2𝑎
Put (𝑥)=0 ⟹𝑥+2𝑎=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =−2𝑎

(−2𝑎) should be zero.
Remainder =(−2𝑎)=0
38
⟹ (−2𝑎)5 – 4𝑎2(−2𝑎)3 + 2(−2𝑎)+2𝑎+3=0
⟹ −32𝑎5+32𝑎2𝑎3−4𝑎+2𝑎+3=0
⟹ −32𝑎5+32𝑎5−2𝑎+3=0
⟹−2𝑎+3=0 ⟹ −2𝑎=−3
3
⟹ 𝑎=
2
Question 21:
Find the value of m so that 2x – 1 be a factor of

8𝑥4+4𝑥3−16𝑥2+10𝑥+𝑚.
Answer 21:
We have (𝑥)= 8𝑥4+4𝑥3−16𝑥2+10𝑥+𝑚, 𝑔(𝑥)= 2𝑥−1
Put (𝑥)=0
1
⟹2𝑥−1=0 ⟹ 2𝑥 =1 ⟹ 𝑥 =
2

1
( ) should be zero.
2
1
Remainder =( )=0
2
39
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
⟹ 8( )4+4( )3−16( )2+10( )+𝑚=0 ⟹ 8× +4× −16×
2 2 2 2 16 8 4
1
+10× +𝑚=0
2
1 1
⟹ + −4+5+𝑚=0
2 2
⟹2+𝑚=0 ⟹ 𝑚=−2
Question 22:
If x + 1 is a factor of 𝑎𝑥3+𝑥2−2𝑥+4𝑎−9, find the value of a.
Answer 22:
We have (𝑥)= 𝑎𝑥3+𝑥2−2𝑥+4𝑎−9,
(𝑥)= 𝑥+1
Put (𝑥)=0
⟹𝑥+1=0 ⟹ 𝑥 =−1

(−1) should be zero.
Remainder =(−1)=0
⟹ (−1)3+(−1)2−2(−1)+4𝑎−9=0
⟹ −𝑎+1+2+4𝑎−9=0
⟹ 3𝑎−6=0 ⟹3𝑎=6 ⟹ 𝑎=2
40
Question 24:
Factorise:
(i) 2𝑥3 – 3𝑥2 – 17𝑥 + 30 (ii) 𝑥3 – 6𝑥2 + 11𝑥 – 6
(iii) 𝑥3 + 𝑥2 – 4𝑥 – 4 (iv) 3𝑥3 – 𝑥2 – 3𝑥 + 1
Answer 24:
(i). Given that: (𝑥)=2𝑥3 – 3𝑥2 – 17𝑥 + 30 ⟹𝑝(1)=2(1)3 – 3(1)2

– 17(1) + 30 =2−3−17+30
=32−20 =12≠0
(2)=2(2)3 – 3(2)2 – 17(2) + 30
=16−12−34+30
=46−46 =0
⟹(𝑥−2) is a factor of 𝑝(𝑥).
41
Now, 𝑝(𝑥)=(𝑥−2)(2𝑥2+𝑥−15) =(𝑥−2)(2𝑥2+6𝑥−5𝑥−15)

=(𝑥−2)[2𝑥(𝑥+3)−5(𝑥+3)] =(𝑥−2)[(𝑥+3)(2𝑥−5)]
=(𝑥−2)(𝑥+3)(2𝑥−5)
(ii). Given that: (𝑥)=𝑥3 – 6𝑥2 + 11𝑥 – 6 ⟹𝑝(1)=(1)3 –

6(1)2+11(1)−6
=1−6+11−6 =12−12 =0
⟹(𝑥−1) is a factor of 𝑝(𝑥).
Now, 𝑝(𝑥)=(𝑥−1)(𝑥2−5𝑥+6) =(𝑥−1)(𝑥2−3𝑥−2𝑥+6)

=(𝑥−1)[𝑥(𝑥−3)−2(𝑥−3)] =(𝑥−1)[(𝑥−3)(𝑥−2)]
=(𝑥−1)(𝑥−2)(𝑥−3)
(iii). Given that: (𝑥)=𝑥3 + 𝑥2 – 4𝑥 – 4 ⟹𝑝(1)=(1)3+(1)2−4(1)−4

=1+1−4−4 =2−8 =−6≠0
(−1)=(−1)3+(−1)2−4(−1)−4 =−1+1+4−4 =5−5=0
⟹(𝑥+1) is a factor of 𝑝(𝑥).
42
Now, (𝑥)=(𝑥−1)(3𝑥2+2𝑥−1) =(𝑥−1)(3𝑥2+3𝑥−𝑥−1)
=(𝑥−1)[3𝑥(𝑥+1)−1(𝑥+1)] =(𝑥−1)[(𝑥+1)(3𝑥−1)]
=(𝑥−1)(𝑥+1)(3𝑥−1)
Question 25:
Using suitable identity, evaluate the following:
(i) 1033 (ii) 101 × 102 (iii) 9992
Answer 25:
(i). Given that: 1033 = (103)3
= (100+3)3
=(100)3+(3)3+3(100)23+3(100)32
[∵ (a + b)3 = (a3 + b3 +3a2b + 3ab2 )]

=1000000+27+90000+2700 =1092727
(ii). Given that: 101 × 102 = (100+1)×(100+2) =

(100)2+(1+2)100+1×2
43
[∵(𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏)=𝑥2+(𝑎 + 𝑏)𝑥+𝑎×𝑏]
= 10000+300+2 =10302
(iii). Given that: 9992 = (999)2
= (1000−1)2
=(1000)2−2×1000×1+12
[∵ (a – b)2 = (a2 – 2ab + b2) ] =1000000−2000+1

=1000001−2000 =998001
Question 26:
Factorise the following:
(i) 4𝑥2 + 20𝑥 + 25
(ii) 9𝑦2−66𝑦𝑧 +121𝑧2
1 1
(iii) (2𝑥+ )2−(𝑥− )2
3 2
Answer 26:
(i). Given that: 4𝑥2 + 20𝑥 + 25 = (2𝑥)2 + 2×2𝑥×5+52
= (2x+5)2
[∵ 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2=(𝑎 + 𝑏)2]
(ii). Given that: 9𝑦2−66𝑦𝑧 +121𝑧2 = (3𝑦)2− 2×3𝑦×11𝑧+(11𝑧)2
= (3x−11z)2 [∵ 𝑎2− 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2=(𝑎− 𝑏)2]
44
1
(iii). Given that: (2𝑥+13)2−(𝑥− )2
2
1 1 1 1
= [(2𝑥+ )+(𝑥− )][(2𝑥+ )−(𝑥− )]
3 2 3 2
[∵ 𝑎2− 𝑏2=(𝑎− 𝑏)(𝑎+ 𝑏)]
1 1 1 1
= [3𝑥+ − ][𝑥+ + ]
3 2 3 2
é 2 - 3ù é 2 + 3ù
= ê3 x + ú ê x+
ë 6 ûë 6 úû
æ 1ö æ 5ö
= ç 3x - ÷ ç x + ÷
è 6ø è 6ø
Question 27:
(i) 9𝑥2−12𝑥 + 3 (ii) 9𝑥2−12𝑥 +4
Answer 27:
(i). Given that: 9𝑥2−12𝑥 + 3
= 3(3𝑥2−4𝑥 + 1)
= 3(3𝑥2−3𝑥−𝑥 + 1)
= 3[3(𝑥−1)−1(𝑥− 1)]
= 3[(𝑥−1)(3𝑥−1)] =3(𝑥−1)(3𝑥−1)
(ii). Given that: 9𝑥2−12𝑥 +4
45
= 9𝑥2−6𝑥−6𝑥 +4
= 3(3𝑥−2)−2(3𝑥−2)
=(3𝑥−2)(3𝑥−2)
Question 28:
Expand the following:
(i) (4𝑎−𝑏+2𝑐)2
(ii) (3𝑎−5𝑏−𝑐)2
(iii) (−𝑥+2𝑦−3𝑧)2
Answer 28:
(i). Given that: (4𝑎−𝑏+2𝑐)2 =

(4𝑎)2+(−𝑏)2+(2𝑐)2+2(4𝑎)(−𝑏)+2(−𝑏)(2𝑐)+2(2𝑐)(4𝑎)
[∵ (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca)]
= 16𝑎2+𝑏2+4𝑐2−8𝑎𝑏−4𝑏𝑐+16𝑐𝑎
(ii). Given that: (3𝑎−5𝑏−𝑐)2 =

(3𝑎)2+(−5𝑏)2+(−𝑐)2+2(3𝑎)(−5𝑏)+2(−5𝑏)(−𝑐)+2(−𝑐)(3𝑎)
[∵ (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca)]
= 9𝑎2+25𝑏2+𝑐2−30𝑎𝑏+10𝑏𝑐−6𝑐𝑎
46
(iii). Given that: (−𝑥+2𝑦−3𝑧)2 =

(−𝑥)2+(2𝑦)2+(−3𝑧)2+2(−𝑥)(2𝑦)+2(2𝑦)(−3𝑧)+2(−3𝑧)(−𝑥)
[∵ (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca)]
= 𝑥2+𝑦2+9𝑧2−4𝑥𝑦−12𝑦𝑧+6𝑧𝑥.
Question 29:
(i) 9𝑥2+4𝑦2+16𝑧2+12𝑥𝑦−16𝑦𝑧−24𝑧𝑥
(ii) 25𝑥2+16𝑦2+4𝑧2−40𝑥𝑦+16𝑦𝑧−20𝑧𝑥
(iii) 16𝑥2+4𝑦2+9𝑧2−16𝑥𝑦−12𝑦𝑧+24𝑧𝑥
Answer 29:
(i). Given that: 9𝑥2+4𝑦2+16𝑧2+12𝑥𝑦−16𝑦𝑧−24𝑧𝑥
=(3𝑥)2+(2𝑦)2+(−4𝑧)2+2(3𝑥)(2𝑦)+2(2𝑦)(−4𝑧)+2(−4𝑧)(3𝑥)
= (3𝑥+2𝑦−4𝑧)2
[∵ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca)
= (a + b + c)2 ] =(3𝑥+2𝑦−4𝑧)(3𝑥+2𝑦−4𝑧)
(ii). Given that: 25𝑥2+16𝑦2+4𝑧2−40𝑥𝑦+16𝑦𝑧−20𝑧𝑥 =

(−5𝑥)2+(4𝑦)2+(2𝑧)2+2(−5𝑥)(4𝑦)+2(4𝑦)(2𝑧)+2(2𝑧)(−5𝑥)
= (−5𝑥+4𝑦+2𝑧)2
47
[∵ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca) = (a + b + c)2 ]

=(−5𝑥+4𝑦+2𝑧)(−5𝑥+4𝑦+2𝑧)
(iii). Given that: 16𝑥2+4𝑦2+9𝑧2−16𝑥𝑦−12𝑦𝑧+24𝑧𝑥 =

(4𝑥)2+(−2𝑦)2+(3𝑧)2+2(4𝑥)(−2𝑦)+2(−2𝑦)(3𝑧)+2(3𝑧)(4𝑥)
= (4𝑥−2𝑦+3𝑧)2
[∵ a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca)
= (a + b + c)2 ] =(4𝑥−2𝑦+3𝑧)(4𝑥−2𝑦+3𝑧)
Question 30:
If 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 = 9 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 26, find 𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2.
Answer 30:
Given that: 𝑎+𝑏+𝑐 = 9 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 26
Using the identity
(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca,
we have (9)2= 𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2+2(𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎) ⟹81= 𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2+2(26)
⟹81= 𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2+52 ⟹81−52= 𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2 ⟹ 𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2=29
Question 31:
Expand the following:
(i) (3𝑎−2𝑏)3
48
(ii) æç + ö÷
1 y
è x 3ø
(iii) æç 4 - ö÷
1
è 3x ø
Answer 31:
(i). Given that: (3𝑎−2𝑏)3=[3𝑎+(−2𝑏)]3 =

(3𝑎)3+(−2𝑏)3+3(3𝑎)2(−2𝑏)+3(3𝑎)(−2𝑏)2
[∵ (a + b)3 = (a3 + b3 +3a2b + 3ab2 )] =27𝑎3−8𝑏3−54𝑎2𝑏+36𝑎𝑏2
(ii). Given that: æç + ö÷

1 y
è x 3ø
3 3 2 3
æ 1ö æ yö æ 1ö æ yö æ 1ö æ yö
= ç ÷ + ç ÷ + 3ç ÷ ç ÷ + 3ç ÷ ç ÷
è xø è 3ø è xø è 3ø è xø è 3ø
3 3 3 1 y3 y y 22 2
[∵ (a + b) = (a + b +3a b + 3ab )] = 3 + + 2 +
x 27 x 3x
(iii). Given that: æç 4 - ö÷

1
è 3x ø
3 2
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
= (4) + ç - ÷ + 3(4) 2 ç - ÷ + 3(4) ç - ÷
3
è 3x ø è 3x ø è 3x ø
[∵ (a + b)3 = (a3 + b3 +3a2b + 3ab2 )]
1 16 4
= 64 - 3
- + 2
27 x x 3x
Question 32:
49
(i) 1−64𝑎3−12𝑎+48𝑎2
12 2 6 1
(ii) 8𝑝3+ p + p+
5 25 125
Answer 32:
(i). Given that: 1−64𝑎3−12𝑎+48𝑎2 =

(1)3+(−4𝑎)3+3(1)2(−4𝑎)+3(1)(−4𝑎)2 =(1+(−4𝑎))3
[∵ a3 + b3 +3a2b + 3ab2 = (a + b)3 ] =(1−4𝑎)3
12 2 6 1
(ii). Given that: 8𝑝3+ p + p+ =
5 25 125
3 2
æ 1ö æ 1ö æ 1ö
= (2 p) + ç ÷ + 3(2 p) 2 ç ÷ + 3(2 p) ç ÷
3
è 5ø è 5ø è 5ø
3
æ 1ö
= ç2p + ÷
è 5ø
[∵ a3 + b3 +3a2b + 3ab2 = (a + b)3 ]
Question 33:
Find the following products:
x æ x2 ö
(i) ( +2𝑦 ç - xy + 4 y 2 ÷
2 è 4 ø
(ii) (𝑥2−1)(𝑥4+𝑥2+1)
Answer 33:
50
x æ x2 ö
(i). Given that: ( +2𝑦) ç - xy + 4 y 2 ÷
2 è 4 ø
ö éæ x ö æ x ö ù
2
æx
= ç + 2 y ÷ êç ÷ - ç ÷ (2 y ) + (2 y ) 2 ú
è2 ø ëêè 2 ø è 2 ø ûú
3
æ xö
= ç ÷ + (2 y )3
è 2ø
2 x32 3 3
[∵ (a + b)(a – ab + b ) = a + b ] = + 8 y 3
8
(ii). Given that: (𝑥2−1)(𝑥4+𝑥2+1) = (𝑥2−1)[(𝑥2)2+(𝑥2)(1)+(1)2]

=(𝑥2)3−(1)3
[∵ (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2) = a3 – b3] =𝑥6−1
Question 34:
Factorise:
(i) 1+64𝑥3
(ii) 𝑎3−2√2𝑏3
Answer 34:
(i). Given that: 1+64𝑥3 =1+(4𝑥)3 = (1+4𝑥)[(1)2−(1)(4𝑥)+(4𝑥)2]
[∵ a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2) ] =(1+4𝑥)(1−4𝑥+16𝑥2)
(ii). Given that: 𝑎3−2√2𝑏3 =(𝑎)3−(√2𝑏)3 =

(𝑎−√2𝑏)[(𝑎)2+(𝑎)(√2𝑏)+(√2𝑏)2]
[∵ a3 – b3 = (a + b)(a2 + ab + b2) ] =(𝑎−√2𝑏)(𝑎2+√2𝑎𝑏+2𝑏2)
51
Question 35:
Find the following product:
(2𝑥−𝑦+3𝑧)(4𝑥2+𝑦2+9𝑧2+2𝑥𝑦+3𝑦𝑧−6𝑥𝑧)
Answer 35:
Given that: (2𝑥−𝑦+3𝑧)(4𝑥2+𝑦2+9𝑧2+2𝑥𝑦+3𝑦𝑧−6𝑥𝑧)

=[2𝑥+(−𝑦)+3𝑧][(2𝑥)2+(−𝑦)2+(3𝑧)2−(2𝑥)(−𝑦)−(−𝑦)(3𝑧)−(3𝑧)(
2𝑥)] = (2𝑥)3+(−𝑦)3+(3𝑧)3−3(2𝑥)(−𝑦)(3𝑧)
[∵ (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) = a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc

] =8𝑥3−𝑦3+27𝑧3+18𝑥𝑦𝑧
Question 36:
Factorise:
(i). 𝑎3−8𝑏3−64𝑐3−24𝑎𝑏𝑐
(ii). 2√2𝑎3+8𝑏3−27𝑐3+18√2𝑎𝑏𝑐
Answer 36:
(i). Given that: 𝑎3−8𝑏3−64𝑐3−24𝑎𝑏𝑐 =

(𝑎)3+(−2𝑏)3+(−4𝑐)3−3(𝑎)(−2𝑏)(−4𝑐)
=[𝑎+(−2𝑏)+(−4𝑐)][(𝑎)2+(−2𝑏)2+(−4𝑐)2−(𝑎)(−2𝑏)−(−2𝑏)(−4𝑐)
−(−4𝑐)(𝑎)]
[∵ a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)

] =(𝑎−2𝑏−4𝑐)(𝑎2+4𝑏2+16𝑐2+2𝑎𝑏−8𝑏𝑐+4𝑐𝑎)
52
(ii). Given that: 2√2𝑎3+8𝑏3−27𝑐3+18√2𝑎𝑏𝑐 =

(√2𝑎)3+(2𝑏)3+(−3𝑐)3−3(√2𝑎)(2𝑏)(−3𝑐)
=[√2𝑎+(2𝑏)+(−3𝑐)][(√2𝑎)2+(2𝑏)2+(−3𝑐)2−(√2𝑎)(2𝑏)−(2𝑏)(−
3𝑐)−(−3𝑐)(√2𝑎)]
[∵ a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)

] =(√2𝑎+2𝑏−3𝑐)(2𝑎2+4𝑏2+9𝑐2−2√2𝑎𝑏+6𝑏𝑐+3√2𝑐𝑎)
Question 37:
Without actually calculating the cubes, find the value of:
3 3 3
(i). æç ö÷ + æç ö÷ - æç ö÷
1 1 5
è 2 ø è 3ø è 6 ø
(ii). (0.2)3−(0.3)3+(0.1)3
Answer 37:
3 3 3
(i). Given that: æç ö÷ + æç ö÷ - æç ö÷

1 1 5
è 2 ø è 3ø è 6 ø
1 1 5
Let 𝑎= , 𝑏= and 𝑐=−
2 3 6
1 1 5 3+ 2-5 0
∴𝑎+𝑏+𝑐= = + - = = =0
2 3 6 6 6
3 3 3
æ 1 ö æ 1ö æ 5ö æ 1 ö æ 1ö æ 5 ö 5
⟹ = ç ÷ + ç ÷ - ç ÷ = 3ç ÷ ç ÷ ç - ÷ = -
è 2 ø è 3ø è 6 ø è 2 ø è 3ø è 6 ø 12
[∵𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3−3𝑎𝑏𝑐=(𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)(𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2−𝑎𝑏−𝑏𝑐−𝑐𝑎)] [if
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐=0,𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3=3𝑎𝑏𝑐]
53
(ii). Given that: (0.2)3−(0.3)3+(0.1)3
Let 𝑎=0.2, 𝑏=−0.3 and 𝑐=0.1

∴𝑎+𝑏+𝑐=0.2−0.3+0.1=0.3−0.3=0
⟹(0.2)3+(−0.3)3+(0.1)3=3(0.2)(−0.3)(0.1)=−0.018
Question 38:
Without finding the cubes, factorise
(𝑥−2𝑦)3+(2𝑦−3𝑧)3+(3𝑧−𝑥)3
Answer 38:
Given that: (𝑥−2𝑦)3+(2𝑦−3𝑧)3+(3𝑧−𝑥)3
Let 𝑎=𝑥−2𝑦, 𝑏=2𝑦−3𝑧 and 𝑐=3𝑧−𝑥

∴𝑎+𝑏+𝑐=𝑥−2𝑦+2𝑦−3𝑧+3𝑧−𝑥=0
⟹(𝑥−2𝑦)3+(2𝑦−3𝑧)3+(3𝑧−𝑥)3=3(𝑥−2𝑦)(2𝑦−3𝑧)(3𝑧−𝑥)
Question 39:
Find the value of
(i). 𝑥3+𝑦3−12𝑥𝑦+64 when 𝑥+𝑦=−4
(ii). 𝑥3−8𝑦3−36𝑥𝑦−216 when 𝑥=2𝑦+6
54
Answer 39:
(i). Given that: 𝑥+𝑦=−4
⟹𝑥+𝑦+4=0 … (i)
Now 𝑥3+𝑦3−12𝑥𝑦+64=𝑥3+𝑦3+43−3(𝑥)(𝑦)(4)
=(𝑥+𝑦+4)[𝑥2+𝑦2+42−(𝑥)(𝑦)−(𝑦)(4)−(4)(𝑥)]
[∵𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3−3𝑎𝑏𝑐=(𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)(𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2−𝑎𝑏−𝑏𝑐−𝑐𝑎)]
=(0)[𝑥2+𝑦2+42−(𝑥)(𝑦)−(𝑦)(4)−(4)(𝑥)]
[∵ 𝑥+𝑦+4=0,From (i)] =0
(ii). Given that: 𝑥=2𝑦+6
⟹𝑥−2𝑦−6=0 … (i)
Now 𝑥3−8𝑦3−36𝑥𝑦−216=𝑥3+(−2𝑦)3+(−6)3−3(𝑥)(−2𝑦)(−6)
=(𝑥−2𝑦−6)[𝑥2+(−2𝑦)2+(−6)2−(𝑥)(−2𝑦)−(−2𝑦)(−6)−(−6)(𝑥)]
[∵𝑎3+𝑏3+𝑐3−3𝑎𝑏𝑐=(𝑎+𝑏+𝑐)(𝑎2+𝑏2+𝑐2−𝑎𝑏−𝑏𝑐−𝑐𝑎)]
=(0)[𝑥2+(−2𝑦)2+(−6)2−(𝑥)(−2𝑦)−(−2𝑦)(−6)−(−6)(𝑥)]
[∵ 𝑥−2𝑦−6=0,From (i)] =0
Question 40:
Give possible expressions for the length and breadth of the

rectangle whose area is given by 4𝑎2+4𝑎−3.
Answer 40:
(i). Given that:
55
Area =4𝑎2+4𝑎−3
=4𝑎2+6𝑎−2𝑎−3
=2(2𝑎+3)−1(2𝑎+3)
=(2𝑎+3)(2𝑎−1)
⟹ Length =2𝑎+3 and Breadth =2𝑎+3
EXERCISE- 2.4
Question 1:
If the polynomials az3 + 4z2 + 3z – 4 and z3 – 4z + a leave the

same remainder when divided by z – 3, find the value of a.
Answer 1:
Given polynomials:
p(z) = az3 + 4z2 + 3z – 4 and q(z) = z3 – 4z + a
Using remainder theorem,
When p(z) is divided by z – 3, the remainder is given by
p(3) = a(3)3 + 4(3)2 + 3(3) – 4
= 27a + 36 + 9 – 4
= 27a + 41
56
When q(z) is divided by z – 3, the remainder is given by
q(3) = (3)3 – 4(3) + a
= 27 – 12 + a
= 15 + a
According to question:
p(3) = q(3)
⟹ 27a + 41 = 15 + a
⟹ 27a – a = 15 – 41
⟹ 26a = – 26
⟹ a = –1
Question 2:
The polynomial p(x) = x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – ax + 3a – 7 when divided

by x + 1 leaves the remainder 19. Find the values of a. Also find
the remainder when p(x) is divided by x + 2.
Answer 2:
Given polynomials:
p(x) = x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – ax + 3a – 7
Using remainder theorem,
57
When p(x) is divided by x + 1, the remainder is given by
p(–1) = (–1)4 – 2(–1)3 + 3(–1)2 – a(–1) + 3a – 7
= 1 –2(–1) + 3 – a(–1) + 3a – 7
= 1 + 2 + 3 + a + 3a – 7
= 4a – 1
According to question:
p(–1) = 19
⟹ 4a – 1 = 19
⟹ 4a = 20
⟹a=5
Hence, p(x) = x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 – 5x + 15 – 7 = x4 – 2x3 + 3x2 –

5x + 8
When p(x) is divided by x + 2, the remainder is given by
p(–2) = (–2)4 – 2(–2)3 + 3(–2)2 – 5(–2) + 8
= 16 –2(–8) + 3(4) +10 + 8
= 16 + 16 + 12 + 18 = 62
Question 3:
58
1
If both x – 2 and x − are factors of px2 + 5x + r, show that p
2
= r.
Answer 3:
Given polynomials:
f(x) = px2 + 5x + r
Since, x – 2 is factors of f(x)
Using factor theorem,
When f(x) is divided by x – 2, the remainder is zero.
2
f(2) = p(2) + 5(2) + r
⟹ 0 = 4p + 10 + r
⟹ 4p + r = – 10 … (i)
1
Since, x − is factors of f(x)
2
1
When f(x) is divided by x − , the remainder is zero.
2
1 1 1
f( ) = p( ) 2 + 5( ) + r
2 2 2
1 5
⟹0= 𝑝+ +𝑟
4 2
59
1 5
⟹ 𝑝 + 𝑟=−
4 2
⟹ 𝑝 + 4𝑟=−10 … (ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we get 𝑝 + 4𝑟=4𝑝+𝑟 ⟹3𝑟=3𝑝 ⟹𝑝=𝑟
Question 4:
Without actual division, prove that 2x4 – 5x3 + 2x2 – x + 2 is

divisible by x2 – 3x + 2. [Hint: Factorise x2 – 3x + 2]
Answer 4:
Given polynomials:
f(x) = 2x4 – 5x3 + 2x2 – x + 2 and g(x) = x2 – 3x + 2
Here, g(x) = x2 – 3x + 2
= x2 – x – 2x + 2
= x(x – 1) – 2(x – 1)
= (x – 2)(x – 1)
Now, we have to show that x – 2 and x – 1 are the factors of

f(x).
When f(x) is divided by x – 2, the remainder is given by
f(2) = 2(2)4 – 5(2)3 + 2(2)2 – (2) + 2
60
= 32 – 40 + 8 – 2 + 2
= 42 – 42
=0
⟹ x – 2 is a factor of f(x) … (i)
Similarly, when f(x) is divided by x – 1, the remainder is given

by
f(1) = 2(1)4 – 5(1)3 + 2(1)2 – (1) + 2
=2–5+2–1+2
=6–6
=0
⟹ x – 1 is a factor of f(x) … (ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
x – 2 and x – 1 are the factors of f(x)
⟹ x2 – 3x + 2 is a factor of f(x).
Hence, f(x) = 2x4 – 5x3 + 2x2 – x + 2 is divisible by x2 – 3x + 2.
Question 5:
Simplify (2x – 5y)3 – (2x + 5y)3.
Answer 5:
61
Given that: (2x – 5y)3 – (2x + 5y)3.
= [(2x – 5y) – (2x + 5y)][ (2x – 5y)2 + (2x – 5y)(2x + 5y) +

(2x + 5y)2]
[∵ a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)]
= (–10y)[(4x2 + 25y2 – 20xy) + (4x2 – 25y2) + (4x2 + 25y2 +

20xy)]
[∵ (a + b)2 = (a2 + 2ab + b2), (a – b)2 = (a2 – 2ab + b2) ]
= (–10y)[(12x2 + 25y2]
= –120x2y – 250y3
Question 6:
Multiply x2 + 4y2 + z2 + 2xy + xz – 2yz by (– z + x – 2y).
Answer 6:
The product of given polynomials is given by
(– z + x – 2y)(x2 + 4y2 + z2 + 2xy + xz – 2yz)
= (x – 2y – z)(x2 + 4y2 + z2 + 2xy – 2yz + xz)
= [(x) + (–2y) + (–z)][(x)2 + (–2y)2 + (–z)2 – (x) (–2y) – (–2y)

(–z) – (–z) (y)]
= (x)3 + (–2y)3 + (–z)3 – 3(x)(–2y) (–z)
[∵ (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) = a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc]
62
= x3 – 8y3 – z3 – 6xyz
Question 6:
Multiply x2 + 4y2 + z2 + 2xy + xz – 2yz by (– z + x – 2y).
Answer 6:
The product of given polynomials is given by
(– z + x – 2y)(x2 + 4y2 + z2 + 2xy + xz – 2yz)
= (x – 2y – z)(x2 + 4y2 + z2 + 2xy – 2yz + xz)
= [(x) + (–2y) + (–z)][(x)2 + (–2y)2 + (–z)2 – (x) (–2y) – (–

2y) (–z) – (–z) (y)]
= (x)3 + (–2y)3 + (–z)3 – 3(x)(–2y) (–z)
[∵ (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca) = a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc]
= x3 – 8y3 – z3 – 6xyz
Question 7:
If a, b, c are all non-zero and a + b + c = 0, prove that

a 2 b2 c 2
+ + =3
bc ca ab
Answer 7:
a 2 b2 c2
LHS = + +
bc ca ab
63
a 3 + b3 + c 3
=
abc
a 2 + b2 + c 2 - (ab - bc - ca) + 3abc

=
abc
[∵ a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca)]
0.(a 2 + b 2 + c 2 - ab - bc - ca ) + 3abc
=
abc
3abc
= =3
abc
RHS
Question 8:
If 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 5 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 10, then prove that a3 + b3

+ c3 –3abc = – 25.
Answer 8:
Given that: 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 5 and 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎 = 10
Using the identity (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc +

2ca, we have
52 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
⟹ 25 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(10)
⟹ 25 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 20
⟹ a2 + b2 + c2 = 5
64
Now, applying a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 –

ab – bc – ca), we have
a3 + b3+ c3 – 3abc = (5)(5 – 10) = – 25
Question 9:
3
Prove that (a + b + c) – a3 – b3 – c 3
= 3(a + b ) (b + c ) (c +
a).
Answer 9:
3
LHS = (a + b + c) – a3 – b3 – c 3
3
= [(a + b + c) – a3] – [b3 + c 3]
= [{(a + b + c) – a}{(a + b + c)2 + (a + b + c)a + a2}]– [(b +

c)(b2 – bc + c2)]
[∵ a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2) and a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 –

ab + b2)]
= (b + c){(a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca) + (a2 + ab + ac) +

a2}– [(b + c)(b2 – bc + c2)]
= (b + c)(3a2 + b2 + c2 + 3ab + 2bc + 3ca) – [(b + c)(b2 – bc

+ c2)]
= (b + c)[(3a2 + b2 + c2 + 3ab + 2bc + 3ca) – (b2 – bc + c2)]
= (b + c)[3a2 + 3ab + 3bc + 3ca]
= 3(b + c)[a2 + ab + bc + ca]
65
= 3(b + c)[a(a + b) + c(b + a)]
= 3(a + b) (b + c)(a + c)
= 3(a + b) (b + c)(c + a)
= RHS
66

Exemplar Class 9 CBSE Math

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NCERT Exemplar Class 9 Maths

Which one of the following is a polynomial?

The exponent of the variable after simplification is a whole

Hence, the option (C) is correct.

(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 12

The exponent of the variable after simplification is 0, so it is a

Hence, the option (B) is correct.

Question 3: Degree of the polynomial 4x4 + 0x3+ 0x5 + 5x + 7

4x4 + 0x3+ 0x5 + 5x + 7

The highest exponent of the variable is 4, so it is a polynomial

Hence, the option (A) is correct.

Degree of the zero polynomial is

(C) Any natural number

(D) Not defined

(D) Not defined

The highest exponent of the variable can be any whole number

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

If (𝑥) = 𝑥2 – 2√2𝑥 +1, then p (2 √2) is equal to

(C) 4√2 (D) 8 √2 +1

Given polynomial: (𝑥) = 𝑥2 – 2√2𝑥 +1

= (2 √2)2 – 2√2(2 √2) +1=8−8+1=1

Hence, the option (B) is correct.

The value of the polynomial 5x – 4x2 + 3, when x = –1 is

Given polynomial: (𝑥) = 5𝑥 – 4𝑥2 + 3

So, (−1)= 5(−1) – 4(−1)2 + 3=−5−4+3=−6

Hence, the option (A) is correct.

If p(x ) = x + 3, then p( x) + p(–x) is equal to

Given polynomial: (𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3

So, (𝑥) + (−𝑥)= 𝑥 + 3+(− 𝑥)+ 3=𝑥−𝑥+6=6

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

Zero of the zero polynomial is

(C) Any real number

(D) Not defined

(C) Any real number

Every real number is a zero of a zero polynomial.

Hence, the option (C) is correct.

Zero of the polynomial p(x) = 2x + 5 is

Given polynomial: (𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 5

For zeroes, (𝑥)=0

Hence, the option (B) is correct.

One of the zeroes of the polynomial 2x2 + 7x – 4 is

Given polynomial: (𝑥)= 2𝑥2 + 7𝑥− 4

For zeroes, (𝑥)=0

⟹ 2𝑥2 + 7𝑥− 4=0

⟹ 2𝑥2 + 8𝑥−𝑥− 4=0

⟹ 2(𝑥+4) −1(𝑥+ 4)=0

Hence, the option (B) is correct.

If 𝑥51 + 51 is divided by x + 1, the remainder is

Given polynomial: (𝑥)= 𝑥51 + 51

Using remainder theorem, if (𝑥)= 𝑥51 + 51 is divided by x + 1,

For zeroes, (−1)= (−1)51 + 51=−1+51=50

Hence, the option (D) is correct.

If x + 1 is a factor of the polynomial 2x2 + kx, then the value of

Given polynomial: (𝑥)= 2𝑥2 + 𝑘𝑥

According to factor theorem, if (𝑥)= 2𝑥2 + 𝑘𝑥 is divided by x +

Hence, the option (C) is correct.

x + 1 is a factor of the polynomial

(A) x3+ x2– x + 1 (B) x3 + x2 + x + 1

(C) x4+ x3 + x2 + 1 (D) x4 + 3x3 + 3x2 + x + 1

According to factor theorem, if the polynomial is divided by x +

In case (A), (𝑥)= x3+ x2– x + 1

So, x + 1 is not a factor of this polynomial.

In case (B), (𝑥)= x3 + x2 + x + 1