Typical Questions & Answers

DE23/DC23 MATHEMATICS-II
1
TYPICAL QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
PART I

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Each Question carries 2 marks:

Choose the correct or best alternative in the following:

Q.1 The points 2i j + k, i 3j 5k, 3i 4j 4k are the vertices of a triangle which is
(A) equilateral. (B) isosceles.
(C) right angled. (D) None of these.

Ans: C
35 C A k
5 j
3 i
A O C O C A
6 C B k
i 2 B O C O C B
41 B A k
6 j
2 i
A O B O B A
k
4 j
4 i
3 C O , k
5 j
3 i
B O , k
2 OA
= = =
= + = =
= = =
= = + =
r r r r
r r r r
r r r r
r r

( )
2 2 2
AC BC AB + =
Thus is right angled

Q.2 If ( ), iy x 3
2
3
i
2
3
24
48
+ =
|
|
\
|
+ then ordered pair (x, y) is
(A) (0, 2). (B) (0, 1).
(C) (1, 0). (D) (1, 1).

Ans: C
( )
iy x
2
1
i
2
3
) iy x ( 3
2
1
i
2
3
3
) iy x ( 3
2
3
i
2
3
48
24
48
48
24
48
+ =
)
`
+
+ =
)
`
+
+ =
)
`
+

{ } iy x 0 i 1
iy x 48
3
sin i 48
3
cos
+ = +
+ =
)
`

i.e. Pair (x, y) is (1, 0).

2
Q.3 If ,
x
1
x cos 2 + =
y
1
y cos 2 + = then
m
n
n
m
x
y
y
x
+ is
(A) ( ) + n m sin 2 . (B) ( ) n m sin 2 .
(C) ( ) + n m cos 2 . (D) ( ) n m cos 2 .

Ans: D
1
n
m
) n sin i n ).(cos m sin i m (cos
Y
X

+ + =
= )) n sin( i ) n ).(cos( m sin i m (cos + +
) n m sin( i ) n m cos(
Y
X
n
m
+ = .(1)
Similarly ) n m sin( i ) n m cos(
X
Y
m
n
= .(2)
Adding equation (1) and (2) we get
) n m cos( 2
X
Y
Y
X
n
n
n
m
= +

Q.4 A vector of magnitude 2 along a bisector of the angle between the two vectors 2i - 2j + k and i
+ 2j - 2 k is
(A) ( ) k i 3
10
2
. (B) ( ) k 3 j 4 i
26
1
+ .
(C) ( ) k 3 j 4 i
26
2
+ . (D) None of these.

Ans: A
Let
0
a and
0
b be unit vectors along a and b respectively. ) k j 2 i 2 (
3
1
a
0
+ = ,
) k 2 j 2 i (
3
1
b
0
+ =
Required vector ) k i 3 (
3
c
= .
9
10
. 4
2
=
10
6
=
Thus ) k i 3 (
10
2
c =

Q.5 Let A and B be two matrices such that 0 A and AB =0. Then we must have
(A) B = 0. (B) B to be identity matrix.
(C) A B = . (D) None of these.

Ans: D

3
Q.6 If ( ) ,
x 1 1
x x cos
2
1
1 x sin
2
1
x f
2
= then
|
\
|
4
f is
(A) 0. (B) 1.
(C) 2. (D) 3.

Ans: A
2
x 1 1
x Cosx
2
1
1 Sinx
2
1
) x ( f =
2
2
4
1 1
4 2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
4
f
= |
\
|

Since c
1
& c
2
are same 0
4
f = |
\
|

Q.7
|
|
\
|
n
1
s
1
L exists only when n is
(A) zero. (B) ve integer.
(C) +ve integer. (D) ve rational.

Ans: C
1 n
t
s
1
L
1 n
n
1
= |
\
|

, n is positive integer.

Q.8 The differential equation of the curve ( ) b x cos a y = , where a and b are constants, is
(A) 0 y
dx
y d
2
2
= . (B) 0 y
dx
dy
dx
y d
2
2
= .
(C) 0 y
dx
dy
dx
y d
2
2
= + . (D) 0 y
dx
y d
2
2
= + .

4
Ans: D
Since y = a cos(x b)
) b x sin( a
dx
dy
= , ay ) b x cos( a
dx
y d
2
2
= =
0 y
dx
y d
2
2
= +

Q.9 If

d , c , b , a are vectors then
|
|
\
|

|
|
\
|

d c b a is equal to
(A)

d b c a
(B)

d b c a
(C)
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|

|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|

c b d a d b c a
(D) none of above.

Ans: C
( )( )
d b d a
c b c a
d c b a r r r
r
r
r
r r
r
r
r
r
. .
. .
. =
= ( )( ) ( )( ) d a c b d b c a
r
r r
r r r
r r
. . . .

Q.10 If A, B are square matrices of the same size then
(A) ( )
t t t
B A AB = (B) ( )
t t t
A B AB =
(C) ( ) B A AB
t
= (D) ( ) A B AB
t
=

Ans: B
By definition
t t t
A B AB . ) ( =

Q.11 If
2 1
z and z are two complex numbers then
2 1
z z + is
(A)
2 1
z z + = (B)
2 1
z z +
(C)
2 1
z z (D)
2 1
z z +

Ans: B
2 1 2 1
Z Z Z Z + + Q
(Triangle inequality)

5
Q.12 The value of
a x x x
x a x x
x x a x
+
+
+
is equal to
(A) 3a
2
x (B) a
2
(3x - a)
(C) a
2
(3x + a) (D) 3ax
2

Ans: C

a x x x
x a x x
a x a x a x
R R R R
a x x x
x a x x
x x a x
+
+
+ + +
= + +
+
+
+ 3 3 3
3 2 1 1

=
a x x x
x a x x a x
+
+ = +
1 1 1
) 3 (
1 3 3 1 2 2
, C C C C C C
= ) 3 (
0
0
0 0 1
) 3 (
2
a x a
a x
a x a x + = = +

Q.13 If I+A+A
2
++A
K
=0, then A
-1
is equal to
(A) A
K
(B) A
K-1

(C) A
K+1
(D) I+A

Ans: A
If 0 ......... 1
2
= + + + +
k
A A A (Characteristic equation of Matrix)
0 ..........
) 1 ( 2 1
= + + + + +
k
A A A I A (Divided by A)
k k k
A A A A A I A = + + + + + +
) 1 ( 2 1
..........
k
A A = +

0
1

k
A A =
1

Q.14 If A is any real square matrix then A+A
t
is
(A) Hermitian. (B) Skew-hermition.
(C) Symmetric. (D) Skew-symmetric.

Ans: C
A A A A A A
t t t t t t
+ = + = + ) ( ) (

Q.15 The Laplace transform L(t
n
) is
(A)
n
s
! n
. (B)
1 n
s
! n
+
.
(C)
s
1
. (D)
! n
s
n

6

Ans: B
{ }
1
0
!
..
+
= =
n
n st n
s
n
dt t e t L
Q.16 The solution of differential equation 0 y 9
dx
dy
6
dx
y d
2
2
= + is
(A) ( )
x
2 1
e x c c y + = (B) ( )
x 2
2 1
e x c c y + = .
(C) ( )
x 3
2 1
e x c c y + = . (D) ( )
x 3
2 1
e x c c

+

Ans: C
A.E 3 , 3 0 ) 3 ( 0 9 6
2 2
= = = + m m m m Roots are real and equal.
( )
x
e xC C f c
3
2 1
. + = and P.I = 0
( )
x
e x C C Y
3
2 1
+ =

Q.17 The value of a
0
in the Fourier series ( ) ... nx cos a ... x 2 cos a x cos a
2
a
x f
n 2 1
0
+ + + + = is given
by

(A) ( )dx x f
1 2
0
(B) ( )dx x f
2
1 2
0

(C) ( )dx x f
1
0
(D) 0

Ans: A
dx x f a
2
0
0
) (
1
By definition
Q.18 The inverse Laplace transform |
\
|
2 s
4
L
1
is
(A)
t
e (B)
t
2
e 2
(C)
t 2
e 4 (D)
t 4
e 4

Ans: C
t t t
e e
s
L e L
2 2 1 2 1
4 1 . 4
1
4
2
4
= =
)
`
= |
\
|

Q.19 Let ; i 5 2 z
1
= ; i 4 1 z
2
+ = i 6 z
3
+ = and i 7 3 z
4
= . Express
( )
4
3 2 1
z
z z z +
in the form
a + bi, a , b R.

(A) i
29
27
29
208
+ (B) i
29
27
29
208

7
(C) i
29
27
209
28
+ (D) i
29
27
209
28

Ans: B
Q.20 The complex numbers
1
z ,
2
z and
3
z satisfying
2
3 i 1
z z
z z
3 2
3 1

=
are vertices of the a

triangle which is
(A) acute-angled and isosceles (B) right-angled and isosceles
(C) obtuse-angled and isosceles (D) equilateral

Ans: D

Q.21 A unit vector parallel to 3i+4j-5k is
(A) k
2
1
j
2 5
4
i
2 5
3
+ (B) k
2
2
j
2 5
4
i
2 5
3

(C) k
2
2
j
2 5
4
i
2 5
3
+ + (D) k
2
1
j
2 5
4
i
2 5
3
+

Ans: A

Q.22 Let
a = (1, 2, 0),
b = (-3, 2, 0),
c = (2, 3, 4). Then ) c b ( a

equals
(A) 33 (B) 30
(C) 31 (D) 32

Ans: D
Q.23 If is complex cube root of unity, and
|
|
\
|
=
0
0
A , then
100
A is equal to
(A) 0 (B) -A
(C) A (D) none of these

Ans: C

Q.24 If A and B are symmetric matrices, then AB + BA is a
(A) diagonal matrix (B) null matrix
(C) symmetric matrix (D) Skew-symmetric matrix

Ans: C
Q.25 The function x sin x
3
is
(A) odd (B) even
(C) neither (D) none of these

Ans: B

Q.26 The function cos x + sin x + tan x + cot x + sec x + cosecx is
(A) both periodic and odd (B) both periodic and even
8
(C) periodic but neither even nor (D) not periodic
odd

Ans: C

Q.27 The Laplace Transform for sin at is
(A)
2 2
a s
s
(B)
2 2
a s
a
+

(C)
2 2
a s
s
+
(D)
2 2
a s
a

Ans: B
Q.28 The Inverse Laplace Transform for
13 s 6 s
9 s
2
+ +
+
is
(A) ( ) ( ) ( ) t 2 sin 3 t 2 cos e
t 3
+ (B) ( ) ( ) ( ) t 2 sin 3 t 2 cos e
t 3
+

(C) ( ) ( ) ( ) t 2 sin 3 t 2 cos e
t 3
(D) ( ) ( ) ( ) t 2 sin 3 t 2 cos e
t 3

Ans: A
Q.29 The smallest positive integer n for which 1
i 1
i 1
n
= |
\
|
+
is
(A) 8 (B) 12
(C) 16 (D) None of these

Ans: D
Q.30 A square root of 3 + 4i is
(A) i 3 + (B) i 2
(C) i 2 + (D) None of these

Ans: C

Q.31 Any vector a is equal to
(A) ( ) ( ) ( )k
a j
a i
a + + (B) ( ) ( ) ( )k
a j
a i
a + +
(C) ( ) ( ) ( )k
a j
a i
a + + (D) ( )( ) k
a a + +

Ans: A

Q.32 If a and b are two unit vectors inclined at an angle and are such that a + b is a unit vector,
then is equal to
(A) 4 (B) 3
(C) 2 (D) 3 2

Ans: D
9
Q.33 The value of the determinant
1
1
1
4 5
4 3
5 3

, where is an imaginary cube root of unity is
(A) ( )
2
1 (B) 3
(C) 3 (D) 4
Ans: B
Q.34 The value of the determine
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
is equal to
(A) -4 (B) 0
(C) 1 (D) 4

Ans: D

Q.35 The inverse of a diagonal matrix is
(A) not defined (B) a skew-symmetric matrix
(C) a diagonal matrix (D) a unit matrix
Ans: C

Q.36 The period of function sin 2x + cot 3x + sec 5x is
(A) (B) 2
(C) 2 (D) 3
Ans: B

Q.37 The Laplace transform of t sin
2
is
(A)
( ) 4 s s
2
2
+
(B)
( ) 4 s s
1
2
+

(C)
( )( ) 2 s 4 s
2
+
(D)
( )( ) 2 s 4 s
1
+

Ans: A

Q.38 The solution of the differential equation ( )
x 2
e y 4 D = + is
(A)
4
e
x 2 sin c x 2 cos c
x
2 1
+ (B)
4
e
x 2 sin c x 2 cos c
x
2 1
+ +
(C)
5
e
x 2 sin c x 2 cos c
x
2 1
+ + (D)
5
e
x 4 sin c x 4 cos c
x
2 1
+
Ans: C

10
Q.39 Modules of ( )
i
i is
(A)
4
e
(B)
4
e

(B)
2 4
e

(D)
2 4
e

Ans: A
Let ( )
vi
i iy x = +
i i iy x log ) log( = +
i i iy x log
2
1
) log( = +

+ = +
1
tan log
2
1
) log( i i i iy x
) tan (
2
1
) log(
1
= +

i i iy x
|
\
|
= +
2 2
1
) log(

i i iy x
4
2
3
) log(

i iy x = +
4
2
3
) (
i
e iy x = +
( )
4
e i of Modulus
i
=

Q.40 If
2
y
tanh
2
x
tan = then the value of cos x cos hy is
(A) 1 (B) 0
(C) 1/2 (D) 1

Ans: D

Q.41 The two non-zero vectors A and B are parallel if
(A) 0 B A = (B) 1 B A =
(C) 0 B A = (D) B A =

Ans: A
Two non-zero vector A and B are parallel if B A = 0 ) 0 sin ( = Q

Q.42 The volume of the parallelopipid with sides k
2 j
B , j
2 i
6 A + = = , k
C + + =
r
A is
(A) 5 cubic units (B) 10 cubic units
(C) 15 cubic units (D) 20 cubic units

Ans: B
11
Volume of parallelepiped with sides ( ) ( ) ( ) k j i k j j i + + +
, 2
6
10
1 1 1
2 1 0
0 2 6
=
cubic units

Q.43 If
3 0 0
5 2 0
3 2 1
then eigen value of A
1
are
(A)
3
1
,
2
1
, 1 (B) 1, 2, 3
(C) 0, 1, 2 (D)
2
1
, 1 , 0

Ans: A
Let A =
3 0 0
5 2 0
3 2 1

Eigen values of A are 1, 2, 3
eigen values of
1
A are
3
1
,
2
1
, 1
3
1
,
2
1
, 1 =
Q.44 The sum and product of the eigen values of
2 2 1
1 3 1
1 2 2
are
(A) Sum = 5, Product = 7 (B) Sum = 7, Product = 5
(C) Sum = 5, Product = 5 (D) Sum = 7, Product = 7

Ans: B
0
2 2 1
1 3 1
1 2 2
0 =
I A
0 ) 5 )( 1 )( 1 ( =
5 , 1 , 1 =
Sum of Eigen value = 07
Product of Eigen value = 5

Q.45 If
< <
< <
=
x 0 , x
0 x ,
) x ( f then the value of f(0) is
(A) 0 (B)
2

12
(C)
2

(D)

Ans: C
Zero is the point of discontinuously
2
) 0 ( | ) 0 (
) 0 (
+
=
f f
f
=
2
2
0
=
+

2
) 0 (

= f

Q.46 The inverse Laplace transform of (s+2)
2

(A) e
2t
(B) e
2t

(C) te
2t
(D) te
-2t

Ans: D

)
`
=
)
`
+

2
1 2
2
1
1
) 2 (
1
s
L e
s
L
t
by first shifting theorem
= t e
t 2

Q.47 The solution of the differential equation 0 y y = + satisfying the condition y(0)=1, ( ) 2
2
y =

is
(A) x sin x cos 2 y + = (B) x sin 2 x cos y + =
(C) x sin x cos y + = (D) ( ) x sin x cos 2 y + =

Ans: B
0 ) 1 ( 0
2
= + = + y D y y
i m =
c.f = ) sin cos (
2 1
x c x c +
putting x = 0, y(0) = 1
1
1
= c
Putting 2
2
,
2
= |
\
|
=

y x
2
2
= c
[ ] x x y sin 2 cos + =

Q.48 Fourier Sine transform of 1/x is
(A) S (B) S/2
(C) S
2
/2 (D) S
2
/2

Ans: C

13
Q.49 The complex numbers Z = x + iy, which satisfy the equation 1
i 5 Z
i 5 Z
=
+
lie on
(A) the x-axis.
(B) the line y = 5.
(C) A circle passing through the origin.
(D) None of these.

Ans: A
1
) 5 (
) 5 (
=
+ +
+
y i x
y i x

2 2 2 2
) 5 ( ) 5 ( + + = + y x y x
2 2
) 5 ( ) 5 ( + = y y
0 = y i.e x-axis

Q.50 If
2
2
iZ Z = , then
(A) ( ) 0 Z Re = (B) ( ) 0 Z Im =
(C) Z=0 (D) ( ) i 1 x Z = , with x real

Ans: B
Given
2
2
iz z =
2
2
) ( ) ( iy x i iy x + = +
2
2
) ( y ix iy x = +
2 2 2 2
2 y x ixy y x + = +
0 2 2
2
= y ixy
0 0 ) ( 2 = = y y ix y
0 ) Im( = z

Q.51 If a
r
and b
r
are two unit vectors and is the angle between them, then ( ) b a
2
1
r
r
is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 0
(C) 2 Sin (D) 2 Cos

Ans: C
Given b a, are Unit vector
cos . , 1 , 1 = = = b a b a
Now ab b a b a 2
2 2
2
+ =
cos 2 1 1
2
+ = b a
= ) cos 1 ( 2
14
=
|
\
|
2
sin 2 2
2

=
2
sin 4
2

2
sin 2

= b a
2
sin
2
1
= b a

Q.52 A vector which makes equal angles with the vectors ( )( ) k
2 j
2 i
3 1 + , ( )( ) k
3 i
4 5 1 and j

is
(A) k
5 j
5 + + (B) k
5 j
5 + +
(C) k
5 j
5 + (D) k
5 j
5 +

Ans: B
Let vector be k a j a i a a

3 2 1
+ + =
r

cos
)
2 2
(
3
1
.
=
+
a
k j i a
r

cos
5
3
5
4
=
|
\
|

a
k i a
r

cos
=
a
j a
r

a
k i k a j a i a
a
k j i k a j a i a )
5
3
5
4
).(

( )
(
3
1
).

(
3 2 1 3 2 1
+ +
=
+ + +

=
a
j k a j a i a
).

(
3 2 1
+ +

2 3 1
3 2 1
5
3
5
4
3
2
3
2
3
a a a
a a a
= = +
Let t a =
2
then t a t a 5 , 5
1 3
= =
k j i a
5

5 + + =
r

Q.53 If ( ) 1 is a cube root of unity and 0
x 1
1 x
1 x
2
2
2
=
+
+
+
, then
(A) x = 1 (B) = x
(C)
2
x = (D) none of these

15
Ans: D
0
1 1
1
1
2 2
2
2
=
+
+
+
w w
w x w
w w x

3 2 1 1
R R R R + +
0
1 1
1
1 1 1
2 2
2
2 2 2
=
+
+
+ + + + + + + + +
w w
w x w
x w w x w w w w x

0
1
1
2
2
=
+
+
w x w
w x w
x x x

0
1
1
1 1 1
2
2
=
+
+
w x w
w x w x
1 3 3 1 2 2
, c c c c c c
0
1
1
1 1 1
2 2 2
2
=
+
+
w w x w w
w w w x w x
{ } 0 ) 1 )( 1 ( ) (
2 2
= + w w w w x x
0 = x

Q.54 If
0 a a c
a 0 a b
c a b a 0

= , then is equal to
(A) (a+b) (b+c) (c+a) (B) bc + ca + ab
(C) 2abc (D) none of these

Ans: D
0
0
0
a a c
a a b
c a b a

=
= )} ( ){ ( )} ( ){ ( a b a c a a c a b a +
= a a b c a a c b a a ) )( ( ) )( (
= (a-b).a[a c + a c]
= 0

Q.55 If A is a skew-symmetric matrix and n is a positive integer, then
n
A is
(A) a symmetric matrix.
16
(B) skew-symmetric matrix for even n only.
(C) diagonal matrix.
(D) symmetric matrix for even n only.

Ans: D

Q.56 The period of the function sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x is
(A) (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 2

Ans: D
) 3 2 sin( ) 2 2 sin( ) 2 sin( x x x + + + + +
= x x x 3 sin 2 sin sin + +
) ( ) ( x f x f = + Q then f(x) is periodic to
Q.57 The Laplace transform of
|
|
\
|
t
e
L
t
is
(A)
1 s
(B)
( ) 1 s +

(C)
1 s
2
(D)
1 s
2
+

Ans: A
{ }
2
1
.

=
)
`
t e L
t
L
t
t
Q
dt t e e
t st
2
1
. .
0

dt t e
t s
2
1
.
0
) (

Putting
1
) 1 (
= =
s
t t s

d dt s = ) 1 (
1
=
s
d
dt

=
d
s
e
s
2
1
1
.
1
1
0
\
|

= ( )
d e
s
s
2
1
.
) 1 (
1
0

= ( )
d e
s
1
0
2
1
.
1
1

17
=
1 2
1
1
1
=
s s

Q.58 The solution of the differential equation
x 4
2
2
e y 6
dx
dy
5
dx
y d
= + is
(A)
3
e
e C e C
x 3
x 3
2
x 2
1
+ (B)
4
e
e C e C
x 4
x 4
2
x 2
1
+ +
(C)
2
e
e C e C
x 4
x 3
2
x 2
1
+ + (D)
2
e
e C e C
x 4
x 3
2
x 2
1

Ans: C
x
e y D D
4 2
) 6 5 ( = +
0 6 5 . .
2
= + m m E A
(m 3(m 2) = 0
m = 2, 3
x x
e C e C F C
3
2
2
1
. . + =
P.I. =
x
e
D D
4
2
6 5
1
+

=
x
e
4
6 20 16
1
+

=
x
e
4
2
1

Y = C.F. + P.I. =
x x x
e e C e C
4 3
2
2
1
2
1
+ +

Q.59 If y ix
2
3+ and i y x 4
2
+ + represent conjugate complex numbers then the value of x and y is
(A) 4 y , 1 x = = . (B) 1 y , 4 x = = .
(C) 1 y , 4 x = = . (D) 4 , 1 = = y x .

Ans: A
i y x y ix 4 , 3
2 2
+ + +
y ix A Let
2
3+ = (1)
i y x A B 4
2
+ + = = (2)
The conjugate of A is y ix A
2
3 =
But given i y x A 4
2
+ + =
i y x y ix 4 3
2 2
+ + =
3
2
= + y x (3)
4
2
= y x (4)
y y y x 3
2 2
= + (5)
y y 3 4
2
= +
18
0 4 3
2
= + y y
0 4 4
2
= + y y y
0 ) 4 ( 1 ) 4 ( = + + y y y
0 ) 1 )( 4 ( = + y y
y = -4, 1
if y = -4 then by Eq. (4)
4 ) 4 (
2
= x
1
1
2
=
=
x
x

Q.60 Imaginary part of z sin is
(A) cos x cosh y (B) cos x sinh y
(C) sin x cosh y (D) sin x sinh y

Ans: B
Imaginary point of z sin
iy x iy x iy x sin cos cos sin ) sin( =
= y x i y x sinh cos cosh sin
Imaginary part = -cos x sin hy

Q.61 Three vectors C , B , A are coplanar, the value of their scalar triple product is
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 1 (D) i

Ans: A

Q.62 If is the angle between the vectors a and b such that b a b a = then is
(A)
o
0 (B)
o
45
(C)
o
120 (D)
o
180

Ans: B
b a b a . =

0
45 1 tan cos sin = = = b a b a

Q.63 The value of the determinant
1997 1996 1995
1994 1993 1992
1991 1990 1989
is
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 1 (D) 0

Ans: D
19
The value of
1997 1996 1995
1994 1993 1992
1991 1990 1989

2 3 3 1 2 2
, C C C C C C
is 0
1 1 1995
1 1 1992
1 1 1989
=
as two columns are similar

Q.64 If the product of two eigen values of the matrix
3 1 2
1 3 2
2 2 6
is 16, then the third eigen value

is

(A) 0 (B) 5
(C) 2 (D) 2

Ans: C
Since the product of two eigen value of the matrix is 16. check is by the options, the product of
all the eigen value, should be equal to the value of the determinants.
In this question value of determinants is
6(9 1) + 2(-6 + 2) + 2(2 6)
48 8 8 = 48 16 = 32
Since two eigen value product = 16
Hence for product to be 32, third eigen value should be 2.

Q.65 If f(x) is defined in (0, L), then the period of f(x) to expand it as a half range sine series is
(A) L. (B) 0.
(C) 2L. (D)
2
L
.

Ans: C

Q.66 The inverse Laplace transform
|
\
|
n
1
s
1
L is possible only when n is
(A) 0 (B) ve integer
(C) ve rational number (D) +ve integer

Ans: D

Q.67 The differential equation of a family of circles having the radius r and centre on the x axis is
(A)
2
2
2
1 r
dx
dy
y =
\
|
+ (B)
2
2
2
1 r
dx
dy
x =
\
|
+
20
(C) ( )
2
2
2 2
1 r
dx
dy
y x =
\
|
+ + (D)
2
2
2
1 x
dx
dy
r =
\
|
+
Ans: A
The eq. of family of circle, having radius r, and centre on the x axis is
2 2 2
) ( r y h x = + (1)
0 2 ) ( 2 = +
dx
dy
y h x (2)
dx
dy
y h x = ) ( (3)
Putting the value from eq.(3) into the eq.(1)
2 2
2
2
r y
dx
dy
y = +
|
\
|

2
2
2
1 r
dx
dy
y =
\
|
+

Q.68 If y satisfies
t
e y y y

= + 2 3 with ( ) ( ) 0 0 0 = = y y then Laplace transform ( ) ( ) t y L is
(A)
( ) ( )
2
2 1
1
+ + s s
(B)
( ) ( )
2
2 1
1
+ s s

(C)
( ) ( ) 2 1
1
2
+ s s
(D)
( ) ( ) 2 1
1
2
+ + s s

Ans: Correct option is not available; however the solution is:
0 ) 0 ( ) 0 ( 2 3 = = = +

y y with e y y y
t

) ( ) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) (
t
e L y L y L y L

= +
1
1
2 )] 0 ( [ 3 )] 0 ( ) 0 ( [
2
+
= +
s
y y y s y sy y s
1
1
2 3
2
+
= +
s
y y s y s
1
1
) 2 3 (
2
+
= +
s
s s y
1
1
) 1 )( 2 (
+
=
s
s s y
Or solution is y =
) 2 )( 1 (
1
2
s s

Ans is D; if y satisfies
t
e y y y

= + 2 3 with ( ) ( ) 0 0 0 = = y y

Q.69 If ( ), Sin i Cos r z
1 1 1 1
+ = ( )
2 2 2 2
Sin i Cos r z + = then
2 1
z z is equal to

21
(A) ( ) ( ) { }
2 1 2 1
2
1
Sin i Cos
r
r
+ + +
|
\
|
.
(B) ( ) ( ) { }
2 1 2 1 2 1
Sin i Cos r r + + + .
(C) ( ) ( ) { }
2 1 2 1 2 1
Sin i Cos r r + .
(D) ( ) ( ) { }
2 1 2 1 2 1
Sin i Cos r r + .

Ans. B
z
1
= r
1
(Cos
1
+ i Sin
1
)
z
2
= r
2
(Cos
2
+ i Sin
2
)
z
1
z
2
= r
1
r
2
(Cos
1
+ i Sin
1
) (Cos
2
+ i Sin
2
)
= r
1
r
2
[(Cos
1
Cos
2
- Sin
1
Sin
2
) + i (Cos
1
Sin
2
+Cos
2
Sin
1
)]
= r
1
r
2
[Cos (
1
+
2
) + i Sin (
1
+
2
)]

Q.70 If is cube root of unity then
2
1 + + is equal to
(A) 0. (B) 1.
(C) -1. (D) 3.

Ans. A
If is cube root of unity then we know that 1++
2
=0

Q.71 The roots of 0 12 x x
2
= are
(A) 2, 3. (B) 3, 2.
(C) 4, -3. (D) 4, 3.

Ans. C
Given x
2
-x-12=0 (x-4) (x+3) = 0 x=4,-3

Q.72 If
|
|
\
|
=
0 1
0 1
A and
|
|
\
|
=
1 1
0 0
B then AB is equal to
(A)
|
|
\
|
0 0
0 0
. (B)
|
|
\
|
1 0
0 1
.
(C)
|
|
\
|
0 1
1 0
. (D)
|
|
\
|
1 1
1 1
.

Ans. A
Given
|
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
=
1 1
0 0
B ,
0 1
0 1
A
|
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
0 0
0 0

1 1
0 0

0 1
0 1
AB

Q.73. If A and B are invertible matrices of the same size then ( )
1
AB

is equal to
(A) AB. (B) BA.
(C)
1 1
A B

. (D)
1 1
B A

.

22
Ans. C
Given
A
-1
A = I, B
-1
B = I
Now (AB) (B
-1
A
-1
) = AIA
-1
= AA
-1
= I --......................---------------(1)
Also (B
-1
A
-1
) (AB) = B
-1
(A
-1
A) B = B
-1
IB = B
-1
B=I-----------------(2)
from 1 and 2, we get (AB)
-1
= B
-1
A
-1

Q.74 If A and B are the points (3, 4, 5) and (6, 8, 9) then the vector
ABis
(A) k 4 j 4 i 3
r r r
+ + . (B) j 4 i 3
r r
+ .
(C) k 4 j 4 i 3
r r r
. (D) j 4 i 3
r r
.

Ans. A
Given A ( 3,4,5) and B (6,8,9)
k j i AB 4 4 3 A of ector Position v - B of vector Position + + = =

Q.75 The function f (x) = Sin x is
(A) non periodic. (B) periodic with period .
(C) periodic with period 2 . (D) periodic with period
2
.

Ans. C
We know that the function (x) = Sin x is periodic and period is 2

Q.76 The Laplace transform of Sinh (at) is

(A)
2 2
a s
1
. (B)
2 2
a s
a
.
(C)
2 2
a s
s
+
. (D)
2 2
a s
s
.

Ans. B
By definition

dt Sinhat e [Sinhat]
st -
L
=
|
|
\
|
dt
2
e - e
e
-at at
st -

dt
a)t (s - a)t - (s -
e - e
2
1

+
=
0
a)t -(s a)t - -(s
) a s (
e
-
) a - s (
e
2
1

+
=
0
a)t - -(s a)t - -(s
) a s (
e
-
) a - s (
e
2
1

+
=
a s a s
1
-
1
2
1

2 2 2 2
a s
a

a
2a
2
1

=
s

23
PART II
NUMERICALS

Q.1 If the complex numbers
3 2 1
z , z , z be the vertices of an equilateral triangle, prove that
1 3 3 2 2 1
2
3
2
2
2
1
z z z z z z z z z + + = + + . (7)

Ans:
Given that Z
1
, Z
2
, Z
3
be the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
( ) 3 / i
1 2
1 3
e
Z Z
Z Z

=

i.e. ( ) ( )
( ) 3 / i
1 2 1 3
e Z Z Z Z

= .(1)
And ( ) ( )
( ) 3 / i
2 3 2 1
e Z Z Z Z

= (2)
Dividing (1) by (2) we get
2 3
1 2
2 1
1 3
Z Z
Z Z
Z Z
Z Z

( )( ) ( )( )
2 1 1 2 2 3 1 3
Z Z Z Z Z Z . Z Z =
2 3 2 2 1
2
3
2
2
2
1
Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z + + = + +

Q.2 If the roots of 0 i 2 iz z
2 3
= + + represent vertices of a triangle in the Argand plane, then
find area of the triangle. (7)

Ans:
0 i 2 iZ Z
2 3
= + +
Root of above equation are the vertices of
i, -i+1, -i-1
( ) 2 4
2
1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 0
2
1
= =

=

Q.3 Reduce + sin i cos 1 to the modulus amplitude form. (7)

Ans:
+ sin i cos 1
+ =
2 2 2
sin ) cos 1 ( r
1 cos 2 1 + =
|
\
|
= =
2
cos 2 ) cos 1 ( 2 r
24
2 2 2 2
tan tan
cos 1
sin
tan
1
1
=
|
|
\
|
|
\
|
=
|
\
|

Q.4 Prove that ( ) ( )
2
n
cos
2
cos 2 sin i cos 1 sin i cos 1
n
1 n n n

|
\
|
= + + + +
+
. (7)
Ans:
L.H.S.= ( ) ( )
n n
sin i cos 1 sin i cos 1 + + + +
=
n
2
n
2
2
cos
2
sin 2 i
2
cos 2
2
cos
2
sin 2 i
2
cos 2
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
+
\
|
+ |
\
|
+

n n
n n
2
sin i
2
cos
2
sin i
2
cos
2
cos 2
=
+

2
n sin i
2
n cos
2
n sin i
2
n cos
2
cos 2
n n

=
2
n cos 2 .
2
cos 2
n n

=
2
n cos .
2
cos 2
n 1 n

+

=R.H.S. Hence proved.

Q.5 If a square matrix A satisfies a relation . 0
2
= +
I
A A Prove that
1
A
exists and that

I , A I A
1
+ =
being an identity matrix. (7)

Ans:
Given that a square matrix A satisfies a relation 0
2
= +
I
A A . By Cayley Hamilton Theorem
0 A I A
1
= +

I A A
1
+ =

Thus
1
A
Exists

Q.6 Show that any square matrix can be written as the sum of two matrices, one symmetric and
the other anti-symmetric. (7)

Ans:
Let A be a square matrix
Now ( ) ( )
t
t t
t
t
A A A A + = +
= A A
t
+
=
t
A A+ ..(1) is a symmetric matrix
Also ( ) A A A A
t
t
t
=
25
= ) A A (
t
..(2) is a skew-symmetric
Also
( ) ( )
t t
A A
2
1
A A
2
1
A + + =
= symmetric matrix + skew-symmetric (from (1) and (2) )

Q.7 Show that x = 2 is one root of the determinant , 0
2 x x 2 3
3 x x 3 2
1 6 x
=
+

and find other two
roots. (6)

Ans:
Given 0
2 x x 2 3
3 x x 3 2
1 6 x
=
+

, when x = 2, then 0
4 4 3
1 6 2
1 6 2
=

As two rows are same
Thus x 2 is a root of given equation.
Now calculate other two Roots
Applying
2 1 1
R R R
0
2 x x 2 3
3 x x 3 2
1 3 1
) 2 X ( =
+

1 2 2
C 3 C C
1 3 3
C C C +
0
1 x 9 x 2 3
1 x 6 x 3 2
0 0 1
) 2 X ( =
+

0
1 9 x 2 3
1 ) 2 x ( 3 2
0 0 1
) 1 x )( 2 x ( =
+
+
0 ) 15 x 5 )( 1 x )( 2 x ( =
0 ) 3 x )( 1 x )( 2 x ( = +
x = 1, x = 2, x = -3
Thus other Roots are 1, -3

Q.8 Show that
( )
( )
( )
( )
3
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
c b a abc 2
b a c c
b a c b
a a c b
+ + =
+
+
+
. (8)

26
Ans:
To prove
3
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
) ( 2
) (
) (
) (
c b a abc
b a c c
b a c b
a a c b
+ + =
+
+
+

L.H.S. =
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
) (
) (
) (
b a c c
b a c b
a a c b
+
+
+

Applying
3 2 2 3 1 1
, c c c c c c we get
=
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( 0
0 ) (
b a b a c b a c
b b a c
a a c b
+ + +
+
+

=
2 2
2
2
2
) (
0
0
) (
b a b a c b a c
b b a c
a a c b
c b a
+
+
+
+ +
) (
1 2 3 3
R R R R +
=
ab a b
b b a c
a a c b
c b a
2 2 2
0
0
) (
2
2
2

+
+
+ +
3 1 1
1
C
a
C C +
3 2 2
1
C
b
C C +
=
3 2
2
2
2
2
) ( 2
2 0 0
) ( c b a abc
ab
b a c
a
b
a
b
a
c b
c b a + + = +
+
+ +

Q.9 If
a and
b be any two vectors, then show that

(i)
2 2
b a b a . b a

=
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
+ .
(ii)

+ + = + b a 2 b a b a
2 2 2
. (7)
27
Ans:
(i) LHS = b b a b b a a a b a b a
r r
r
r r
r r r
r
r
r
r
+ = + . . . ) ).( (
=
2
2
. . b b a b a a
r r
r
r
r r
+ { b a
r
r
. = a b
r
r
. }

2
2
b a
r
Hence Proved
(ii)
L.H.S = ) ).( (
2
b a b a b a
r
r
r
r
r
r
+ + = +
= b b a b b a a a
r r
r
r r
r r r
+ + + . . .
=
2
2
. . b b a b a a
r r
r
r
r r
+ + +
=
2
. 2 b b a a
r r
r r
+ + Hence Proved

Q.10 Forces

3 2 1
F , F , F of magnitudes 5, 3, 1 units respectively, act in the directions
6k 3j 2i 6k, 2j 3i 3k, 2j 6i + + + respectively on a particle. If the particle is displaced
from the point ( ) 3 , 1 , 2 to the point ( ) 1 , 1 , 5 , find the work done by the resultant force.
(7)
Ans:
Force
3 2 1
3 5 f f f f
r r r r
+ + =
= )
2 ( )
3 ( 3 )
6 ( 5 k j i k j i k j i + + + + +
k j i f
27

41 + + =
r

k i d
3 + =
r

)
3 ).(
27

41 ( . k i k j i d f W + + + = =
= 123 + 108
= 231

Q.11 Verify that

=
2 1
3 5
A satisfies its characterstic equation 0 7 x 3 x
2
= and then find
1
A
. (6)

Ans:

=
2 1
3 5
A ,
= =
1 3
9 22
.
2
A A A
Characteristic Equation = 0 7 3
2
= x x
By Clayey Hamilton theorem 0 7 3
2
= I A A
Now we have I A A 7 3
2

=
1 0
0 1
7
2 1
3 5
3
1 3
9 22

28
=
0 0
0 0

This verifies the characteristic equation.
Now 0 7 3
2
= I A A
Multiplying by A
-1

0 7 3
1
=

A I A
31 7
1
=

A A
=
1 0
0 1
3
2 1
3 5

5 1
3 2
7
1
A
5 1
3 2
7
1
1
A

Q.12 Test for the consistency and solve the system of equations.

5 z 10 y 2 x 7
9 z 2 y 26 x 3
4 z 7 y 3 x 5
= + +
= + +
= + +
. (8)

Ans:
Test for consistency
5
9
4
10 2 7
2 26 3
7 3 5
z
y
x
, AX=B
Let [ ]
= =
5 : 10 2 7
9 : 2 26 3
4 : 7 3 5
: B A C
1 2 2
3 5 R R R
1 3 3
7 5 R R R
=
|
|
|
\
|

3 : 1 11 0
33 : 11 121 0
4 : 7 3 5

2 3 3
11 R R R +
=
|
|
|
\
|
0 : 0 0 0
33 : 11 121 0
4 : 7 3 5

Now R(A) = R(C) = 2 < 3
System is consistent but infinity many solution.
Z = k, 11y Z = 3
29
11
3 k
Y
+
= ,
5x + 3y + 7z = 4
11
7 16 +
=
k
X

Q.13 Show that the area of the parallelogram with diagonals
a and
b is

b a
2
1
. (7)

Ans:
Let PQRS be a parallelogram with diagonal a R P
r
r
= and b S Q
r r
= they intersect at T

T Q T P Q T T P Q P
r r r r r
= + =
=
2
) (
2 2
b a b a
r
r
r
r
=
2
) (
2 2
b a b a
S T T P S P
r
r
r
r
r r r
+
= + = + =
Area of parallalogram PQRS = S P Q P
r r

= ) (
2
1
) (
2
1
b a b a
r
r
r
r
+
= ) ( ) (
4
1
b a b a
r
r
r
r
+
= b b a b b a a a
r r
r
r r
r r r
+
4
1

= ) ( ) (
4
1
b a b a
r
r
r
r
+
= ) ( 2
4
1
b a
r
r

= b a
r
r
2
1
Hence proved.

Q.14 Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 3, 4, 3 1, 1, 2 1, 3, . (7)

and b b a a ) 0 ( ), 0 ( = =
r r
r r
) ( b a a b
r
r r
v
=
30
Ans:
Let O be origin, ) 2 , 1 , 0 ( ), 5 , 1 , 2 ( ), 1 , 0 , 1 ( = = = C B A
k j i BA k i BC k j OC k j i OB k i OA 6 , 3 2 , 2 , 2 , = = + = + + = =
Area of ABC = BA BC
2
1

=
6 1 1
3 0 2
2
1

k j i

= k j i 2 9 3
2
1
+
= 94
2
1

Q.15 Find a Fourier series that represents the periodic function f (x) =
2
x x , x .
(14)
Ans:
2
) ( x x x f =
Let nx b nx a a x f
n n
sin cos ) (
0
+ + = ..(1)
= =
3 2 2
1
) (
2
1
3 2
2
0
x x
dx x x a
=
3
2

nxdx x f a
n
cos ) (
1

= nxdx x x cos ) (
1
2

= nxdx x cos
2
1
2
( nx x cos Q is odd function)

=
n
n
) 1 (
4
2

And nxdx x f b
n
sin ) (
1

= nxdx x x sin ) (
1
2
( nx x sin
2
Q is odd function)
= nxdx xsin
2
0

=
n
n
) 1 (
2

31
Putting value of
n n
b a a , ,
0
in (1) we get
|
\
|
+ +
|
\
|
+ +
=
3
3 sin
2
2 sin
1
sin
2
3
3 cos
2
2 cos
1
cos
4
3
2 2 2
2
2
x x x x x x
x x

Q.16 Find the Laplace transform of

t
e 1
t
. (7)
Ans:
)
`

t
e
L
t
1

Now we have { } ) (
1
1 1
1 s f
s s
e L
t
=
=

|
\
|
= =
)
`

s s
t
ds
s s
ds x f
t
e
L
1
1 1
) (
1

=
s
s 1
log

Ans.

Q.17 Find the inverse Laplace transform of
( )
)
2
2
2 s
s
. (7)
Ans:
2
2
1
) 2 (s
s
L
=
2
2
1
) 2 (
) 2 2 (
s
s
L
=
+ +
2
2
1
) 2 (
) 2 ( 4 4 ) 2 (
s
s s
L
= [ ]
+

2
1
4
) 2 (
1
4 1
1
2
1 1
s
L
s
L L
=
t t
e t e t
2 2
4 4 ) ( + + Ans.
Q.18 Solve
x
2
2
e y 6
dx
dy
5
dx
y d
= + + . (7)

Ans:
Solve
x
e y D D = + + ) 6 5 (
2

A.E., 0 6 5
2
= + + m m
m = -2, -3
C.F =
x x
e C e C
3
2
2
1

+
32
P.I =
x x
e e
D D 12
1
6 5
1
2
=
+ +

Y = C.F + P.I =
x x x
e e C e C
12
1
3
2
2
1
+ +

Q.19 Use Laplace transform method to solve
t
2
2
e x
dt
dx
2
dt
x d
= + , if x = 2 and 1
dt
dx
= at t = 0.
(7)
Ans:
t
e x
dt
dx
dt
x d
= + 2
2
2

Taking Lapalace transformation on both sides
( )
1
1
4 1 2 ) ( 1 2
2
= + + +
s
s s x s s
( ) 5 2
1
1
) ( 1 2
2
+
= + s
s
s x s s
3
2
) 1 (
6 7 2
) (
+
=
s
s s
s x
3 2
) 1 (
1
) 1 (
3
1
2
) (
=
s s s
s x
|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|
\
|
=

3
1
2
1 1
) 1 (
1
) 1 (
1
3
1
1
2
s
L
s
L
s
L x
=
! 2
.
. 3 2
2 t
t t
e t
e t e +
x =
t
t
t
te
e t
e 3
2
2
2
+

Q.20 Express
( )
( )
4
8
cos i sin
sin i cos
+
+
in the form x+iy. (8)

Ans:
4
8
4 4
8
4 2
8
4
8
) sin (cos
) sin (cos
) sin (cos
) sin (cos
) cos sin (
) cos (cos
) cos (sin
) sin (cos

i
i
i i
i
i i
i
i
i
+
=
+
=
+
+
=
+
+

=
4 8
) sin .(cos ) sin (cos

+ i i
= 12 sin 12 cos ) sin (cos
12
i i + = +

Q.21 Write down all the values of ( )
4 / 1
i 1+ . (8)

Ans:
Let 1 + I = r( sin cos i + )
33
1 sin , 1 cos = = r r
4
, 2

= = r
4
1
4
sin
4
cos 2 ) 1 (
4 / 1
\
|
+ = +

i i , n = 0, 1, 2, 3
=
+
+
+
16
) 8 (
sin
16
) 8 (
cos ) 2 (
8
1
n
i
n
, n = 0, 1, 2, 3
=
+
16
25
sin
16
25
cos 2 ,
16
17
sin
16
17
cos 2 ,
16
9
sin
16
9
cos 2 ,
16
sin
16
cos 2
8
1
8
1
8
1
8
1
i i i i

Q.22 Using vector method prove that the altitudes of a triangle are concurrent. (8)

Ans:
Let ABC be any angle
Draw AD BC and BE AC
Let AD and BE intersect at O. Join CO
We shall prove that CF AB
Let , b , c be the position vector of A, B, C respectively with O.
0 . = C B O A BC AO
r r

0 ) .( = b c a
0 . . = c a b a .(1)
Also 0 ) .( = c a b AC BO
0 . . = a b c b ..(2)
Adding (1) and (2) we get,
0 ) . ( ) . ( ) . ( ) . ( = + a b c b c a b a
C O B A C O B A
r r r r
= 0 .
CF AB
Hence altitude of a triangle is concurrent.

Q.23 Find a unit vector perpendicular to the plane of vectors

+ = k j i 2 a and

+ = k 2 j i b . (8)

Ans:
k j i a

2 + =
r
, k j i b
2

+ =
r

k j i
k j i
b a
2 1 1
1 1 2

=
=
35 = b a
Unit vector perpendicular to b a &
34
= ( ) k j i
b a
b a
35
1
=

Q.24 Prove that 0 d c b a d b a c d a c b =
|
|
\
|

|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|

|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|

|
|
\
|

(8)
Ans:
) ).( ( ) ).( ( ) ).( ( d c b a d b a c d a c b + +
) . )( . ( ) . )( . (
. .
. .
) ).( ( d b a c d c a b
d c a c
d b a b
d a c b = =
Now ) . )( . ( ) . )( . (
. .
. .
) ).( ( d c b a d a b c
d a b a
d c b c
d b a c = =
And ) . )( . ( ) . )( . (
. .
. .
) ).( ( d a c b d b c a
d b c b
d a c a
d c b a = =
Adding equation1, equation 2 & equation 3 we get
) ).( ( ) ).( ( ) ).( ( d c b a d b a c d a c b + +
= (b.c)(c.d) - (c.a)(b.d) + (c.b)(a.d) (a.b)(c.d) - + (a.c)(b.d) (b.c)(a.d)
) . . , . . , . . ( c a a c c d d c a b b a = = =
= 0. Hence proved.

Q.25 Find the angle between two vectors
a and
b if

b a =

b a . (8)
Ans:
Let Angle between a and b be
given b a b a . =
b a b a . sin | =
b a b a . sin =

b a
b a.
sin =
1 tan =
4
=

Q.26 Let A be a square matrix. Prove that A can be written the sum of a symmetric and a skew-
symmetric matrix. (8)

Ans:
Let A be a square matrix
Let ( ) ( )
t t
A A A A A + + =
2
1
2
1

Now ( ) ( )
t
t t
t
t
A A A A + = +
A A
t
+ =
35

t
A A+ = is a symmetric matrix ) ( A A
t
=
Also ( ) ( )
t t
t
t
A A A A A A = = is skew-symmetric
Thus A = symmetric matrix + skew-symmetric.

Q.27 State Cayley Hamitton theorem and use it to find the inverse of
|
|
|
\
|

=
7 6 0
5 4 3
1 0 1
A , if the
inverse exists. (8)

Ans:
Every square matrix satisfying its characteristic Equation.
0 = I A 0
7 6 0
5 4 3
1 0 1
, =

e I
0 20 2
2 3
= +
By using Cayley-Hamilton Theorem
0 20 2
2 3
= + I A A A
0 20 2
1 2
= +

A I A A
I A A A + =

2 20
2 1

=

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
7 6 0
5 4 3
1 0 1
2
19 18 18
18 14 15
6 6 1
20
1
A
=

4 6 18
8 7 21
4 6 2
20
1
1
A

Q.28 Prove that ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ca bc ab a c c b b a
c c 1
b b 1
a a 1
3 2
3 2
3 2
+ + = . (8)
Ans:
L.H.S =
3 2
3 2
3 2
1
1
1
c c
b b
a a

=
3 3 2 2
3 3 2 2
3 2
0
0
1
a c a c
a b a b
a a

1 3 3 1 2 2
, R R R R R R
36
=
ac a c a c
ab a b a b
a a
a c a b
+ + +
+ + +
2 2
2 2
3 2
0
0
1
) ( (
2 3 3
R R R
=
) )( ( 0
0
1
) )( (
2 2
3 2
c b a b c b c
ab a b a b
a a
a c a b
+ +
+ + +
=
c b a
ab a b a b
a a
b c a c a b
+ +
+ + +
1 0
0
1
) )( )( (
2 2
3 2

= (b a)(c a)(c b)(ab + bc + ca)
= R.H.S.

Q.29 Give condition under which we can find so that the following system of linear equations
has a non-trivial solution.

0 z c y b x a
0 z c y b x a
2 2 2
1 1 1
= + +
= + +

( ) ( ) ( ) 0 z q p y q p x q p
3 3 2 2 1 1
= + + + + + (8)

Ans:
Given system of equation
0
1 1 1
= + + z c y b x a
0
2 2 2
= + + z c y b x a
0 ) ( ) ( ) (
3 3 2 2 1 1
= + + + + + z q p y q p x q p is homogenous. For non trivial solution.
R(A) = R(C) < n here n = 3
Obviously R(A) = R(C) = 2 i.e. 0 = A
0
3 3 2 2 1 1
2 2 2
1 1 1
=
+ + + q p q p q p
c b a
c b a

0
1
3 3 2 2 1 1
2 2 2
1
1
1
1
=
+ + +
q p q p q p
c b a
a
c
a
b

( )
1 1 3 3 1 2 2 2
, q p R R R a R R +
37
0
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 0
0
1
1 1
1
1
3 3 1 1
1
1
2 2
1
2 1
2
1
2 1
2
1
1
1
1
=
+ + + +

q p
a
c
q p q p
a
b
q p
a
a c
c
a
a b
b
a
c
a
b

R(A) must be 2.
0 ) ( ) (
1 1
1
1
2 2
= + + q p
a
b
q p
and 0 ) ( ) (
1 1
1
1
3 3
= + + q p
a
c
q p

Q.30 Find the Fourier series of the function defined by
( )
<
+
=
0 x - : - x -
x 0 : x
x f (8)

Ans:
)
`

+
=
0
0
) (
x x
x x
x f

Let

=
=
+ + =
1 1
0
sin cos
2
) (
n
n
n
n
nx b nx a
a
x f
Where
dx x f a ) (
1
0

=

+

0
0
) (
1
) (
1
dx x f dx x f
=
= + +

0
0
) (
1
) (
1
dx x dx x
=
0
a
Now
nxdx x f a
n
cos ) (
1

=

+ +
0
0
cos ) (
1
cos ) (
1
nxdx x nxdx x
= [ ] 1 ) 1 (
2
2

n
n

a
n
=

even is n if
odd is n if
n
, 0
,
4
2

38
And nxdx x f b
n
sin ) (
1

nxdx x nxdx x sin ) (
1
sin ) (
1
0
0

+ + =

= [ ]
n
n
) 1 ( 1
2

=
even is n if
odd is n if
, 0
,
4

Putting value of a
0
, a
n
and b
n
in (1)
Fourier series
+ + +
+ + = ...
3
3 sin
1
sin
4 ...
3
3 cos
1
cos 4
2
) (
2 2
x x x x
x f

Q.31 Find the Fourier series representing the function
( ) < < = 2 x 0 x x f (8)

Ans:
f(x) = x, 0 < x < 2
Let Fourier series of f(x)
nx b nx a
a
x f
n n
sin cos
2
) (
0

+ + = .(1)
Where dx x f a
2
0
0
) (
1

=
2
1
2
0
=
dx x
Now, nxdx x f a
n
cos ) (
1
2
0

= nxdx x cos .
1
2
0

= 0
Now, nxdx x b
n
sin
1
2
0
2
0
2
sin
1
cos 1
\
|
|
\
|
n
nx
n
nx
x
=
n
2

+ + + = L x x x x 3 sin
3
1
2 sin
2
1
sin 2
39
Q.32 If F(t) is piecewise continuous and satisfies ( )
at
Me t F for all 0 t and for some
constants a and M then
( ) { } ( ) a s , 0 s , t F L
s
1
dx ) x ( F L
t
0
> > =
(8)

Ans:
We are given
at
Me t F ) ( ..(1)
Without loss of generality, assume that a is positive.
Let
=
t
dx x F f G
0
) ( ) (
Then G(t) is continuous.
Also dx Me dx x F t G
t
ax
t

0 0
) ( ) (
( ) 0 , 1 ) ( > a e
a
M
t G
at
.(2)
Now ) ( ) ( t F t G = except for points where F(t) is discontinuous.
) (t G is piece-wise continuous on each finite interval.
We know that if F(t) is continuous for all t 0 and of experimental order a as, t and if
) (t F is of class A, then
{ } ) ( )) ( ( t F pL t F L = ----------F(o)
Therefore { } ) ( )) ( ( t pL t G L = .G(o)
= { } ) (t pL as G(o)=0

Q.33 Define Inverse Laplace Transform of a function F(t). Prove that
.........
! 11 ! 8 ! 5 ! 2 1
1
11 8 5 2
3
1
+ + =
)
`
t t t t
s
L (8)

Ans:
1
3
3 3
1
1
1
1
1

|
\
|
+ =
+
p
p p

=
+ +
12 9 6 3 3
1 1 1 1
1
1
p p p p p

=
12 9 6 3
1 1 1 1
p p p p
+
! 11 ! 8 ! 5 ! 2 1
1
11 8 5 2
3
1
t t t t
p
L + =
)
`

40
Q.34 Solve x 2 sin y 2
dx
dy
3
dx
y d
2
2
= + + . (8)

Ans:
The given equation is
( ) x y L D D 2 sin 3
2
= + +
Auxiliary equation is
0 3
2
= + + L D D
2 , 1 = D
C.F =
x x
e C e C
2
2 1

+
P.I = x
D D
2 sin
2 3
1
2
+ +

= x
D
2 sin
2 3 4
1
+ +

= x
D
2 sin
2 3
1

= x
D
D
2 sin
4 9
2 3
2
+

= x
D
2 sin
40
2 3 +

= [ ] x x 2 sin 2 cos 3
20
1
+

Q.35 If a, b, c are real numbers such that 1 c b a
2 2 2
= + + and b + ic = (1 + a)z, where z is a
complex number, then show that
c 1
ib a
iz 1
iz 1
+
+
=
+
. (8)

Ans:

z
a 1
ic b
; z
a 1
ic b
; 1 c b a
2 2 2
=
+
=
+
+
= + +

a 1
a 1
) a 1 (
c b
z z ;
a 1
ic 2
z z ;
a 1
b 2
z z
2
2 2 _ _ _
+
=
+
+
=
+
=
+
= +

c 1
ib a
a 1 c 2 a 1
a 1 bi 2 a 1
a 1
a 1
a 1
c 2
1
a 1
a 1
a 1
bi 2
1

z z ) z z ( i 1
z z ) z z ( i 1
z i 1
z i 1
.
iz 1
iz 1
iz 1
iz 1
Now
_ _
_ _
_
_
+
+
=
+ + +
+ + +
=
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
=
+
+ +
=
+
+
+
=
+

41
Q.36 Given that , A z z z
3 2 1
= + + B z z z
2
3 2 1
= + + and , C z z z
3
2
2 1
= + + where is a
cube root of unity. Express
3 2 1
z , z , z in terms of A, B, C and .
(8)
Ans:

C z z z
B z z z
A z z z
3
2
2 1
2
3 2 1
3 2 1
= + +
= + +
= + +

On adding,

3
z Similarly

3
z
) 1 ( z ) 1 ( z ) 1 ( z Again,
2
3
2
2
2 2 4
3
3 3
2
2
1

C B A
C B A
C B A
+ +
=
+ +
=
+ + = + + + + + + + +

Q.37 Show that for all real , ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 cos 18 cos 48 cos 32 6 cos
2 4 6
+ = . (8)

Ans:

. 1 cos 18 cos 48 cos 32
) cos 1 ( ) cos 1 ( cos 15 ) cos 1 ( cos 15 cos 6 cos
sin sin cos i 6 sin cos 15
sin cos i 20 sin cos 15 sin cos i 6 cos
) sin i (cos ) 6 sin( i ) 6 cos(
2 4 6
3 2 2 2 2 2 4 6
6 5 4 2
3 3 2 4 5 6
6
+ =
+ =
+ +
+ =
+ = +

Q.38 For any four vectors

d and c , b , a prove that
|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|

|
|
\
|
|
|
\
|
=
|
|
\
|

|
|
\
|

c b d a d b c a d c b a .
Hence prove that 0 d c b a d b a c d a c b =
|
|
\
|

|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|

|
|
\
|
+
|
|
\
|

|
|
\
|

(8)

Ans:
[ ][ ] ) . ).( . ( ) . )( . (
. .
. .
. c b d a d b c a
d b c b
d a c a
d c b a = =
Adding the three relation we get

3
C B A
z
C B A ) 1 ( z ) 1 ( z z 3
1
2
3
2
2 1
+ +
=
+ + = + + + + + +
42
0 ) ( ) ).( ( ) ).( ( = + + d a d b a c d a c b

Q.39 In OAB let a OA = , b OB = . Then find the vector representing AB and OM, where M is
the midpoint of AB. (4)

Ans:
a - b b a - AB AO AB = + = + =

2
b a
OM
+
=

Q.40 Prove that the straight line joining the mid-points of two non-parallel sides of a
trapezium is parallel to the parallel sides and is half their sum. (12)

Ans:

let ABCD be the trapezium and let A be at origin

2
) b t d ( b
AQ ;
2
d
AP
b t d AC , d AD , b AB
_ _ _ _
_ _ _ _
+ +
= =
+ = = =

|
\
| +
= |
\
|
+ = + =
+ = + + =
AB
DC AB
2
1
AB
DC
1
2
1
) t 1 (
2
1
AB
PQ
and
b ) t 1 (
2
1
d
2
1
b t
2
1
d
2
1
b
2
1
PQ
_ _ _ _ _

) DC AB (
2
1
PQ + =
i.e. PQ is parallel to AB and half the sum of parallel sides.

Q.41 For reals A, B, C, P, Q, R find the value of determinant

( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) R C cos Q C cos P C cos
R B cos Q B cos P B cos
R A cos Q A cos P A cos

(8)
43

Ans:

0
0 R sin R cos
0 Q sin Q cos
0 P sin P cos
0 C sin C cos
0 B sin B cos
0 A sin A cos
Q sin C sin Q cos C cos P sin C sin P cos C cos
Q sin B sin Q cos B cos P sin B sin P cos B cos
Q sin A sin Q cos A cos P sin A sin P cos A cos
) R C cos( ) Q C cos( ) P C cos(
) R B cos( ) Q B cos( ) P B cos(
) R A cos( ) Q A cos( ) P A cos(
= =

=

Q.42 Using matrix method find the values of and so that the system of equations:

17 z 8 y 7 x
z y x 3
12 z 5 y 3 x 2
= +
= + +
= +
has infinitely many solutions. (8)

Ans:

=
2 1 1 0
7 2 0 0
17 8 7 1
~
12 5 3 2
1 3
17 8 7 1
~
17 8 7 1
1 3
12 5 3 2
] | [ B A

x = 3 z
y = z 2
z = arbitrary

i.e. infinite solution.

Q.43 Solve the system of equations

8 z y x 3
5 z 2 y x
6 z y x
= + +
= +
= + +

by using inverse of a suitable matrix. (8)

= =
2 - 1 - 1 0
0 0 0 0
17 8 7 1
~ ] | [ 7 , 2 B A If
44
Ans:

. 3 , 2 , 1
3 z
1 2
6
3 - 1 - 0 0
1 - 1 2 - 0
6 1 1 1
~
10 - 2 - 2 - 0
1 - 1 2 - 0
6 1 1 1
~
8 1 1 3
5 2 1 - 1
6 1 1 1
~
= = =
=
= +
= + +
z y x
z y
z y x
system

Q.44 Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem find
3
A for
|
|
\
|
=
3 4
2 1
A . (8)

Ans:

. 0 5 4
3 4
2 1
3 4
2 1
2
= =
I A
A

=
+ =
+ + = + =
+ =
=
83 84
42 41
20 0
0 20
3 4
2 1
21
20 21
. 5 . 4 5 16 5 4 A
5 4 A
0 5 4 A
theorem Hamilton - Cayley
3
2 3
2
2
A
I A
I A A A A
I A
I A
By

Q.45 State whether the function f(x) having period 2 and defined by
( ) 1 x 1 , x 1 x f
2
=
is even or odd. Find its Fourier Series. (16)

Ans:

[ ]
)
`
+ =
= =
= =
=
=
1
0
1
0
2
1
0
1
0
2 2
n
1
0
2
0
n
2
) ( sin 2 sin ) 1 (
2
) (sin 1
2
cos ) 1 ( 2 a

3
4
) 1 ( 2 a
0 b
1 ) (
x xd n x x n x
n
x n d x
n
xdx n x
dx x
function even an is x x f

45

. cos
) 1 ( 4
3
2
f(x)

) 1 ( 4 cos 4
sin
4
1
2
1
2
2 2
1
2 2
1
0
x n
n
n n
n
xdx n x
n
n
n
n
=
+
+
+ =
= =
=

Q.46 Find the Laplace transform of ( )
2 t 2
t e t f = . (8)

Ans:
Recall the first shift theorem
) a s ( F )) t ( f e (
at
=

.
) 2 s (
2
) t e ( )) t ( f e ( so and
s
2
s
! 2
) t (
). s ( F ) f ( where
3
2 t 2 t 2
3 3
2
= =
= =
=

Q.47 Solve ( ) . x 2 cos y 1 D D
2
= + + (8)

Ans:
( ) x y D D 2 cos 1
2
= + +
A.E = 0 1
2
= + + M M

2
4 1 1
=
i
M

2
3 1 i

C.F =
)
`
x C x C e
x
2
3
sin
2
3
cos
2 1
2
1

P.I = x
D
x
D D
2 cos
3
1
2 cos
1
1
2
=
+ +

= x
D
D
2 cos
9
3
2
+

= { } x x
D
x D
2 cos 3 2 sin 2
13
1
9
2 cos ) 3 (
2
+ =
+

P.I = { } x x 2 sin 2 2 cos 3
13
1

Y = CF + P.I
46
Y = { } x x x C x C e
x
2 sin 2 2 cos 3
13
1
2
3
sin
2
3
cos
2 1
2
1

)
`
Ans.

Q.48 Find the Inverse Laplace transform for ( )
( )
4
s 3
1 s
e
s L
. (8)
Ans:

3 t 0
3 t ) 3 (
6
1
) 1 (
6
1
! 3
1
) 1 (
1
3 3
4
3
1
3
3
4
1
4
1
< =
> =
= =

t
s
t t t
e t
s
e
L
e t
t
e
s
L e
s
L

Q.49 Solve the differential equation
x sin 3 y 2
dx
dy
3
dx
y d
2
2
= + +
given that y = -0.9 and 7 . 0
dx
dy
= , when x=0 (8)

Ans:
2 , 1 sin 3 ) 2 3 (
2
= = + + m x y D D
C.F =
x x
e C e C
2
2 1

+
P.I. = x D x
D
x
D D
sin ) 1 3 (
10
3
sin
1 3
1
3 ) sin 3 (
2 3
1
2
=
+
=
+ +

) cos sin 3 (
10
3
2
2 1
x x e C e C y
x x
+ =

) cos sin 3 (
10
3
2 . 2 ,
10
9
2 7 . 0 ,
10
3
9 . 0
2
2 1 2 1
x x e e y C C C C
x x
+ = = + + =

Q.50 Using the Laplace transform solve the differential equation
1 ) t ( f 3 ) t ( f 4 ) t ( f = + with initial conditions ( ) ( ) 0 0 f 0 f = = . (8)

47
Ans:

2
1
6
1
3
1
) (
) 1 ( 2
1
) 3 ( 6
1
3
1
3) - 1)(s - s(s
1

) 3 )( 1 (
1

) 3 4 s(s
1
F
1
) 3 4 (
1
3 4
3
2
2
2
t t
e e t f
s s s
s s s
s
s
F s s
s
F sF F s equation Subsidiary
+ =
+ =

=
+
=
= +
= +

Q.51 If n is a positive integer, prove that ( ) ( )
6
n
cos 2 i 3 i 3
1 n
n n
= + +
+
. (8)
Ans.
) sin r(cos i 3 i + = + .(1)
3 rcos = .(2)
1 rsin = .(3)
from (2) and (3), r = 2,
/6 =

n n n n
i r i r i i )] sin (cos [ )] sin (cos [ ) 3 ( ) 3 ( + + = + +

) sin (cos ) sin (cos n i n r n i n r
n n
+ + =

n r
n
cos 2 =
------>(4)
put the value of r and in eq n(y) we have

6
cos . ) 2 .( 2
n
n
=

6
cos 2
1
n
n+
=

Q.52 Find all the values of
4
3
2
3
i
2
1
|
|
\
|
+ and show that the product of all these values is 1.
(8)
Ans:
) sin (cos
2
3
2
1
i r i let + = + (1)

2
1
cos = r (2)
48

2
3
sin = r .(3)
.
3
1 ), 3 ( & ) 2 (

= = and r from

3
sin
3
cos
2
3
2
1
), 1 (

+ = +i from
or

4 / 3 4 / 3
)
3
sin
3
(cos )
2
3
2
1
(

i i + = +

4 / 1
) sin (cos i + =

|
\
| +
+ |
\
| +
=
= + + + =
4
) 2 (
sin
4
) 2 (
cos
3 , 2 , 1 , 0 , )] 2 sin( ) 2 [cos(
4 / 1

m
i
m
m m i m

where m = 0, 1, 2, 3.

.
4
7
sin
4
7
cos ,
4
5
sin
4
5
cos
,
4
3
sin
4
3
cos ,
4
sin
4
cos ,
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
+

i i
i i are values The

The continued product of these roots

. 1
) 1 (
) sin (cos
) 4 sin 4 (cos
4
7
4
5
4
3
4
sin
4
7
4
5
4
3
4
cos
4
4
=
=
+ =
+ =
|
\
|
+ + + +
|
\
|
+ + + =

i
i
i

Q.53 If the roots of 0 i 2 iz z
2 3
= + + represent vertices of a triangle in the Argand plane, then
find area of the triangle. (8)

Ans:
Roots are z = i, -i + 1, -i -1,

1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 0
2
1

=
= 2.

Q.54 Find the value of ( ) c b a
r
r
r
if
k
2 j
2 i
c , k
2 b , k
2 j
3 a + = + = + =
r
r
r
. (8)
cos = -1
and sin = 0
49

Ans:

\
|
\
|
=
\
|
\
|
=
|
\
|
=
|
\
|

a b c b a c
b a c a b c
b a c c b a
. .
. .

( )
1 1 2
2 1 3
=
k j i
b a
= i(-1) + 7j + 5k
( )
2 2 1
5 7 1
=
k j i
c b a
Now,

9 2 3 . 2 2 . =
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
+ =
|
\
|

k j i k j i a c

2 2 . 2 2 . =
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
+ =
|
\
|

k j i k j i b c

+ =
|
\
|
+ +
|
\
|
+ =
|
\
|
\
|
k j i
k j i k j i
a b c b a c
5 7 24
2 3 2 2 9
. .

Q.55 Prove that the sum of all the vectors drawn from the centre of a regular octagon to its
vertices is the zero vector. (8)

Ans:

Let ABCDEFGH be a regular octagon
And O the centre of this octagon, O is
the mid-point of diagonals AE, BF, CG and DH.
Now,

+ + + + + + + OH OG OF OE OD OC OB OA

50

.

=
+ + + =
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
+
|
\
|
=
|
\
|
+ +
|
\
|
+ +
|
\
|
+ +
|
\
|
+ =
O
O O O O
OD OD OC OC OB OB OA OA
OH OD OG OC OF OB OE OA

Q.56 Find the moment about the point ( ) 6 , 4 , 2 M of the force represented in magnitude and
position by
AB, where the point A and B have the co-ordinates ( ) 3 , 2 , 1 and ( ) 2 , 4 , 3

respectively. (8)

Ans:

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
. 14 9 8
5 6 2
3 2 3
) 5 6 2 ( ) 3 2 3 (
3 2 3
6 4 2 3 2
5 6 2
3 2 2 4 3
k j i
k j i
k j i k j i
F r Moment
k j i
k j i k j i MA
k j i
k j i k j i AB
=
=
+ + =
=
+ =
+ + =
+ =
+ + =

( ) ( ) ( ) 341 14 9 8
2 2 2
= + + = moment the of Magnitude

Q.57 Show that
2 2 2
2
2
2
c b a 1
1 c bc ac
bc 1 b ab
ac ab 1 a
+ + + =
+
+
+
. (8)

Ans: Multiplying C
1
, C
2,
& C
3
by a, b and c respectively, we get
51

( )
( )
( )
1
1
1
ly. respective R and R , R from c & b a, common out Taking
1
1
1
1
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
3 2 1
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
+
+
+
=
+
+
+
=
c b a
c b a
c b a
abc
abc
c c c b c a
bc b b b a
ac ab a a
abc

1 1
1 1
1
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
3 2 1 1
+ + + +
+ + + +
+ + +
=
+ +
c b c b a
c b c b a
c b c b a
C C C C Now

) 1 (
1 0
0 1
) 1 (
1 0 0
0 1 0
1
) 1 (
R R R and R R R Applying
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2
1 3 3 1 2 2
c b a
c b a
c b
c b a
+ + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =

Q.58 Write the following system of equations in the matrix form AX = B and solve this for X by
finding A
-1
.

2 x 2 x 3 x
1 x x x
4 x x x 2
3 2 1
3 2 1
3 2 1
=
= + +
= +
(8)

Ans:
Writing the given equations in matrix form, we have
52

= =
=
=

=
=
=
5
3
1
5
4
5
1
1
5
3
5
2
1
5
1
A
AdjA
A
3 5 4 -
1 - 5 - 3
2 - 5 - 1
A . Adj
5
2 3 1
1 1 1
1 1 2
2
1
4
2 3 1
1 1 1
1 1 2
1 -
1
3
2
1
A
B A X or
B AX So
x
x
x

1 , 1 , 1
1
1
1
2
1
4
5
3
1
5
4
5
1
1
5
3
5
2
1
5
1
x
x
x
B A Now
3 2 1
3
2
1
-1
= = =
=
x x x
X

Q.59 Using matrix methods, find the values of and so that the system of equations

= +
= +
= + +
z y 3 x 2
8 z 2 y 3 x 7
9 z 5 y 3 x 2
.
has (i) unique solution and (ii) has no solution (8)

53
Ans: Ax = B

[ ]
9 5,
0 9 - and 0 5 - -
3 C(C) C(A) solution unique for ) (
9 5 0 0
2
47
2
39
2
15
0
9 5 3 2
R R R and R
2
7
R R Applying
3 2
8 2 3 7
9 5 3 2
|
1 3 3 1 2 2

= =
= =

i
B A C

(ii) For no solution
C(A) C(C)
If --5 = 0 C( A ) = 2
And -9 0 C( C ) = 3

For unique solution -5, 9
For no solution = -5, 9

Q.60 Verify Cayley Hamilton theorem for the matrix

=
1 3
2 1
A .
Use Cayley Hamilton theorem to evaluate A
-1
and hence solve the equations

4 y x 3
3 y 2 x
= +
= +
(8)

54
Ans:

1 y 1, x
1
1

4
3
1 3
2 1
5
1
y
x

B A X
B AX
1 3
2 1
5
1
A
2I - A 5A
I) A A ( 0 I 5 A 2 A
0
0 0
0 0
1 0
0 1
5
1 3
2 1
2
7 6
4 7
I 5 A 2 A
0 5 2 is A of equation stic characteri The
0 5 2
1 3
2 1
I A
1 3
2 1
1 0
0 1
1 3
2 1
I A
1 -
1 -
1 -
1 - 2
2
2
2
= =
=
=
=
=
= =
=
=
=
= =

=
=

Q.61 Find the Fourier series for the functions
( ) ( ) < < = 2 x 0 , x
4
1
x f
2
(16)

Ans:

[ ]
=
= =
=
=
2
0
2
2
3 3
2
0
3
2
0
2
0
cos ) (
4
1 1
6
) (
12
1
) (
3
1
4
1

) (
4
1 1
nxdx x a
x
dx x a
n

55

+ + + +
=
+
=
=
|
|
\
|
+

|
|
\
|
+
\
|
+ |
\
|

=
=
\
|
+

|
\
|
+

+
\
|
+ |
\
|

2 2
2
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
0
3 2
2
2
0
2
n
2 2 2
2 2
2
0
3
2
2
2
3
x 3 cos
2
x 2 cos
1
x cos
12

nx cos
n
1
6
.
2
1
) x (
4
1
0
n
2
n n
2
n 4
1
n
nx cos
2
n
nx sin
) 1 )( x ( 2
n
nx cos
. ) x (
4
1
nxdx sin ) x (
4
1 1
b
n
1
n
2
n
2
4
1
0
n
cos 2
0 0
n
n 2 cos 2
0
4
1
n
nx sin
) 1 ( 2
n
nx cos
) 1 )( x ( 2
n
nx sin
. ) x (
4
1

Q.62 Find the Laplace transform ( ) at sin te L
at
(8)

Ans:

( )
2
2
2
2
) (
) (
) (
1
) (
1
1
) (
ia s
ia s
ia s
ia s
te L
s
t L
iat
+
+
=
=

2 2 2 2
2 2 2
) a i s (
i a ias 2 s

+ +
=
56

[ ]
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2
2 2
) 2a 2as - (s
a) - 2a(s

) a a 2as - (s
a) - 2a(s

) (
) ( 2
)} sin ( {
) (
2as
at) sin L(t
have we parts, imaginary the Equating
) (
2
) (
)} sin (cos {
) (
2

+
=
+ +
=
+
=
+
=
+
+
+
= +
+
+
=
a a s
a s a
at t e L
a s
a s
as
i
a s
a s
at at t L
a s
a ias s
at

Q.63 Find the inverse Laplace transform
( )( )
)
+ +
+
1 s 1 s
1 s 2
L
2
1
(8)
Ans:

) 1 (
1
) 1 )( 1 (
1 2
2 2
+
+
+
+
=
+ +
+
s
C Bs
s
A
s s
s

2
3
C ,
2
1
B ,
2
1
2 , 1 , 0
) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 2 (
2
= =
=
= + = + = +
+ + + + + = +
A
C B C A B A
C A s C B s B A s

)
`
+
+
+
)
`
=
)
`
+ +
+

) 1 ( 2
) 3 (
) 1 ( 2
1
) 1 )( 1 (
1 2
2
1 1
2
1
s
s
L
s
L
s s
s
L

= t sin
2
3
t cos
2
1
e
2
1
t
+ +

( ) x 3 cos y 9 D
2
= + (8)

Ans:
Auxiliary equation is
57

. 3 sin 3 cos . .
3
9
0 9
2 1
2
2
x C x C F C
i D
D
D
+ =
=
=
= +

) 3 (cos
) 9 (
1
. .
2
x
D
I P
+
=

It is a case of failure.

6
3 sin
3
3 sin
2
3 cos
2
3 cos
2
1
. .
x x
x x
dx x
x
x
D
x I P
=
=
=
=

Y = C.F. + P.I.

6
3x sin x
3x sin 3 cos
2 1
+ + = C x C

Q.65 By using Laplace transform, solve the differential equation
( ) 1
2
, 1 0 , 2 cos 9
2
2
= |
\
|
= = +

y y conditions initial with t y
dt
y d
(8)

Ans:

4 s
s
) y 9 (0) y - sy(0) - y (s
2t cos y 9 y
2
2
+
= +
= +

9) (s
A
9) (s
s
9) 4)(s (s
s
y
A (0) y |
4
) 1 ( ) 9 (
2 2 2 2
2
2
+
+
+
+
+ +
=
=
+
= +
s
s
A s y s

9) (s
A
9) 5(s
4s
4) 5(s
s
y
2 2 2
+
+
+
+
+
=

Taking inverse Laplace transform

58

. 3 sin
3
3 cos
5
4
2 cos
5
1
9
1
.
9
5
4
4
5
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
t
A
t t
s
L A
s
s
L
s
s
L y
+ + =
|
\
|
+
+
|
\
|
+
+
|
\
|
+
=

.
2
3
sin
3
A

2
3
cos
5
4
cos
5
1
1 -
1, - y then
2
x

+ + =
= = when

3t) sin 3t (cos
5
4
2 cos
5
1
.
5
12
5
4
5
1
1
3
A
+ + =
=
= =
t y
A

Q.66 A rigid body is spinning with angular velocity 27 radians per second about an axis parallel
to k
2 j
2 + passing through the point k
3 i
+ . Find the velocity of the point of the body

whose position vector is k
8 i
4 + + . (8)

Ans:
( ) k j i
k j i
w
2

2
3
1
4 1 4
2

2
+ =
+ +
+
=
( ) ( ) k j i k j i w w w
2

2 9
2

2
3
1
. 27 + = + = =
r

k j i w
18
18 + =
r

( ) ( ) k j i k j i r

3

8
4 + + + =
r

= k j i
3 + +
r w v
r r r
=
=
2 5 3
2 1 2

9
k j i

= [ ] k j i
10
12 9 +

Q.67 Find the sides and angles of the triangle whose vertices are k
2 j
2 i
+ , k
2 + and
k
2 j
3 + . (8)

59

Ans:

A B AB =
= (2,1,-1) (1,-2,2)
= k j i
+
B C BC =
= (3,-1,2) (2,1,-1)
= k j i
+
A C CA =
= (3,-1,2) (1,-2,2)
= j i

2 +
cosC =
( )( )
14 . 5
.

2 . k j i j i
BC AC
BC AC + +
= = 0
0 cos = C
2
= C
Now
( )( )
19 14
14
19 . 14
3
3

3
.
cos
=
+ +
= =
k j i k j i
AB BC
AB BC
B
|
\
|
=

19 14
14
cos
1
B
Now
( )( )
95
9
19 . 5
3
3

2 .
cos =
+ +
= =
k j i j i
AB AC
AB AC
A

=

95
5
cos
1
A

Q.68 Find the volume of the tetrahedron formed by the point (1,1,1) (2,1,3) (3,2,2,), (3,3,4).
(8)

60
Ans:

( ) ( ) DA DC A DC DB A = =
2
1
,
2
1
2 1

( ) ( ) AB AC A DB DA A = =
2
1
,
2
1
4 3

k j i D B DB

2
= =
k j D C DC
= =
k j i D A DA
2 = =
k j i A C AC

2 + + = =
k i A B AB
+ = =
( )
2 1 0
1 2 1

2
1
2
1
1

= =
k j i
DC DB A
= ( ) 14
2
1
3
2
1
1
= + A k j i
( )
3 2 2
2 1 0

2
1
2
1
2

= =
k j i
DA DC A
= ( ) 21
2
1
2
2
1
2
= + A k j i
( )
1 2 1
3 2 2

2
1
2
1
3

= =
k j i
DB DA A
= ( ) 21
2
1
2

4
2
1
3
= + + A k j i
( )
2 0 1
1 1 2

2
1
2
1
4
k j i
AB AC A = =
= ( ) 14
2
1

3
2
2
1
4
= A k j i
61
Area of Trapezium =
4 3 2 1
A A A A + + +
= 21 14 +
= 3 7 2 7 +
= [ ] 3 2 7 +

Q.69 The centre of a regular hexagon is at the origin and one vertex is given by i 3 + on the
Argand diagram. Determine the other vertices. (8)

Ans:

y
( )F 1 , 3 ( ) 1 , 3 A

60
(-2, 0)E x
O(0,0) B(2, 0)

( )D 1 , 3 ( ) 1 , 3 C

( ) 1 , 3 A , B(2,0), ( ) 1 , 3 C
( ) 1 , 3 D , E(-2,0), ( ) 1 , 3 F
2 . 2 , 60
0
= = = OB OA AOB

Q.70 Prove that the general value of which satisfies the equation
( ) ( ) ( ) ,
) 1 n ( n
m 4
is 1 n sin i n cos 2 sin i 2 cos sin i cos
+
= + + + L
where m is any integer (8)

Ans:
+ + + ) 3 sin 3 )(cos 2 sin 2 )(cos sin (cos i i i
1 ) sin (cos = + n i n
1 ) 2 sin( ) 2 cos( = + + + + + + + n i n or
1 ) 2 1 sin( ) 2 1 cos( = + + + + + + + n i n
1 ) 1 (
2
sin ) 1 (
2
cos =
+ +
+ n
n
i n
n

Equating real part on both side
62
1 ) 1 (
2
cos = + n
n

0 2 ) 1 (
2
= + m n
n

m n n 4 ) 1 ( = +
) 1 (
4
+
=
n n
m

Q.71 Use De Moivres theorem to solve the equation x
4
x
3
+x
2
x+1=0 (8)

Ans:
Given that 0 1
2 3 4
= + + x x x x
Multiplying on both side by (x + 1)
0 1
5
= + x
5
1
) 1 ( = x
[ ]
5
1
) 2 sin( ) 2 cos( + + + = n i n x
Putting n = 0,1,2,3,4
), sin (cos ,
5
3
sin
5
3
cos ,
5
sin
5
cos

i i i + |
\
|
+ |
\
|
+
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
+
5
9
sin
5
9
cos ,
5
7
sin
5
7
cos

i and i
But
|
\
|
+ |
\
|
= +
5
3
2 sin
5
3
2 cos
5
9
sin
5
9
cos

i i
=
5
3
sin
5
3
cos

i
Hence roots of 0 1
5
= + x are
1
5
sin
5
cos
5
sin
5
cos |
\
|
|
\
|
and i i

But root corresponding to (x + 1)
Root of the equation 0 1
2 3 4
= + + x x x x
|
\
|
|
\
|

5
3
sin
5
3
cos
5
sin
5
cos

i and i

Q.72 Show that
( ) + + + + =
+
+
+
+
2 2 2 2 3
2
2
2
2
d c b a
d cd bd ad
cd c bc ac
bd bc b ab
ad ac ab a
(8)

63
Ans:
+
+
+
+
2
2
2
2
d cd bd ad
cd c bc ac
bd bc b ab
ad ac ab a

=
) (
) (
) (
) (
1
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
+
+
+
+
d d d c d b d a
cd c c c b c a
bd bc b b b a
ad ac ab a a
abcd

=
+
+
+
+
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
d c b a
d c b a
d c b a
d c b a
abcd
abcd

4 3 2 1 1
c c c c c + + +
=
+
+
+
+
+ + + +
2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1
1
1
) (
d b
d c b
d c b
d c b a
d c b a

1 2 2
R R R

1 3 3
R R R

3 4 4
R R R
=
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
1
) (
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
d c b
d c b a + + + +
=
0 0
0 0
0 0
) (
2 2 2 2
+ + + + d c b a
= ) (
2 2 2 2 3
+ + + + d c b a
R.H.S. hence proved.

Q.73 Express the following matrix as a sum of a symmetric matrix and a skew symmetric matrix.

5 0 5
4 3 2
1 7 1
. (8)
64
Ans:
=
5 0 5
4 3 2
1 7 1
A
=
5 4 1
0 3 7
5 2 1
t
A
Thus
10 4 6
4 6 9
6 9 2
= +
t
A A and
=
0 4 4
4 0 5
4 5 0
t
A A
) (
2
1
) (
2
1
t t
A A A A A + + =
0 2 2
2 0
2
5
2
2
5
0
5 2 3
2 3
2
9
3
2
9
1
= A
A = symmetric + skew symmetric

Q.74 Find the values of , for which following system of equations has non-trivial solutions.
Solve equations for all such values of .

( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 0 z 1 3 y 1 3 x 2
0 z 3 y 2 4 x 1
0 z 2 y 1 3 x 1
= + + +
= + + +
= + + +
(8)

Ans:
AX = B
[ ] B A C : =
+
+
+
=
) 1 ( 3 1 3 2
3 2 4 1
2 1 3 1

A
If system of equations has non-trivial solution then R(A) = R(C) < n = 3
0 = A
0
) 1 ( 3 1 3 2
3 2 4 1
2 1 3 1
=
+
+
+

2 1 1
R R R
0
3 3 1 3 2
3 2 4 1
3 3 0
=
+
+
+

65

3 2 2
C C C +
0
3 3 2 6 2
3 1 5 1
3 0 0
=

+ +

0 )] 1 5 ( 2 ) 2 6 )( 1 )[( 3 ( = +
0 ] 18 6 )[ 3 (
2
=
3 , 3 , 0 =
Putting = 0
=
3 1 2
3 2 1
0 1 1
A

1 2 2
R R R

1 3 3
2R R R +
=
3 3 0
3 3 0
0 1 1

1 3 3
R R R +
=
0 0 0
3 3 0
0 1 1

0 = + y x
0 3 3 = + z y let
1
k z =

1 1
, k x k y = = (infinite solution)
At = 3
=
6 10 2
6 10 2
6 10 2
A

1 2 2
R R R

1 3 3
R R R
=
0 0 0
0 0 0
6 10 2
2x + 10y + 6z = 0
Let
3 2
, k z k y = =

3 2
3 5 k k x = .

Q.75 Find the characteristic equation of the matrix
=
2 1 1
0 1 0
1 1 2
A and hence evaluate the matrix
equation A
8
5A
7
+7A
6
3A
5
+A
4
5A
3
+8A
2
2A+I. (8)
66
Ans:
0 = I A
0
2 1 1
0 1 0
1 1 2
=

0 3 7 5
2 3
= +
By using Cayley-Hamilton Theorem
0 3 7 5
2 3
= + I A A A
Now, I A A A A A A A A + + + + 2 8 5 3 7 5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8

= I A A I A A A A I A A A A + + + + +
2 2 3 2 3 5
) 3 7 5 ( ) 3 7 5 (
= I A A A A + + + +
2 5
0 . 0 .
= I A A + +
2

=
5 4 4
0 1 0
4 4 5
2
A Q
= + +
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
2 1 1
0 1 0
1 1 2
5 4 4
0 1 0
4 4 5
2
I A A
=
8 5 5
0 3 0
5 5 8

Q.76 Expand < < = 2 x 0 , x cos 1 ) x ( f in a Fourier Series.
Hence evaluate L + + +
7 . 5
1
5 . 3
1
3 . 1
1
(16)

Ans:
x x f cos 1 ) ( =
nx b nx a
a
x f
n
n
n
n
sin cos
2
) (
1 1
0

=
=
+ + =
Where, 2 0 ,
2
sin 2 cos 1 ) ( < < = = x
x
x x f
dx
x
x f a
2
sin 2
1
) (
1
2
0
2
0
0

= =

=

2 4
sin 2 2
1
0
=
dt
67
2
0
cos ) (
1
nxdx x f a
n

= nxdx
x
cos
2
sin 2
1
2
0
2
0
cos
2
sin 2 2
2
1
nxdx
x

= dx x n x n

\
|
+ |
\
|
+
2
0
2
1
sin
2
1
sin
2
1

= dx x n x n

\
|
|
\
|
+
2
0
2
1
sin
2
1
sin
2
1

=
( )
( )
( )

2
0
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
cos cos
2
1
+
+
+
n
x n
n
x n

=
( ) ( )

)
`
\
|

+
)
`
\
|
+
+
1 2
2
1
cos
1
1 2
2
1
cos
1
2
1
2
1
2
1

n
n
n
n

=
( ) ( )
+
2
1
2
1
2 2
2
1
n n

=
+ ) 1 2 (
1
) 1 2 (
1
2
4
n n

=
) 1 4 ( 2
8
2
n

=
) 4 1 ( 2
8
2
n

nxdx x f b
n
sin ) (
1
2
0

= nxdx
x
sin
2
sin 2
1
2
0

= nxdx
x
sin
2
sin
2
2
0

= nxdx
x
sin
2
sin 2
2
2
2
0
\
|
+ |
\
|

2
0
2
1
cos
2
1
cos
2
1
dx x n x n
=

\
|
+ |
\
|

2
0
2
1
cos
2
1
cos
2
1
dx x n x n
68
=
( )
( )
( )

2
0
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
sin sin
2
1
+
+
n
x n
n
x n

=
)
`
\
|
+
+
)
`
\
|

2
2
1
sin
1 1
2
2
1
sin
2
1
2
1
2
1
n
n n
n
=
+
+
) 1 2 sin(
1 2
2
1 2
2
) 1 2 sin(
2
1
n
n n
n
0 =
n
b
Thus the fourier series is
nx
n
x f
n
cos
) 4 1 (
2 4 2 2
) (
1
2
=

+ =

= ... 3 cos
35
2
2 cos
15
2
cos
3
2
1
2 2
cos 1 x x x x

Let x = 0,
0 =
+ + + ...
7 . 5
1
5 . 3 . 1
1
3
1 2 4 2 2

+ + + = ...
7 . 5
1
5 . 3
1
3 . 1
1 2 4 2 2

Thus
2
1
...
7 . 5
1
5 . 3
1
3 . 1
1
= + + +

Q.77 Simplify
n
Cos i Sin 1
Cos i Sin 1
|
\
|
+
+ +
. (8)

Ans:

n
i
i
|
\
|
+
+ +

cos sin 1
cos sin 1

=
n
i
i
|
\
|
+
+ +

sin cos 1
sin cos 1
putting
=
2

=
n
i
i
+
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
2
cos . sin 2 cos 2
cos . sin 2 cos 2

=
n
i
i
+
2 2
2 2
sin cos
sin cos

= ( ) ( )
n n
i i

+
2 2 2 2
sin cos . sin cos

= ( ) ( )
n n
i i
2 2 2 2
sin cos . sin cos

+ +
= sin cos i n +
=
|
\
|
+ |
\
|

n
n
i n
n
2
sin
2
cos
69

Q.78 Find all the values of ( )
5 1
i 1+ . (8)

Ans:
Let ) sin (cos ) 1 ( i r i + = +
4
, 2

= = r
5
1
5
1
5
1
4
2 sin
4
2 cos ) 2 ( ) 1 (
\
|
+ + |
\
|
+ = +

n i n i
=
5
1
10
1
4
8
sin
4
8
cos 2
\
| +
+ |
\
| + n n
i
n n

=
\
| +
+ |
\
| +
20
8
sin
20
8
cos 2
10
1 n n
i
n n

Putting n = 0,1,2,3,4
= ,
20
9
sin
20
9
cos 2 ,
20
sin
20
cos 2
10
1
10
1
+

i i
,
20
25
sin
20
25
cos 2 ,
20
17
sin
20
17
cos 2
10
1
10
1
+

i i

+
20
33
sin
20
33
cos 2
10
1
i

Q.79 If
1
Z and
2
Z are two complex numbers, prove that
2
2
2
1
2
2 1
Z Z Z Z + = +
If and only if
2
1
Z
Z
is purely imaginary. (8)

Ans:
Prove that
2
1
2
2
2
1
2
2 1
z
z
z z z z + = + is purely imaginary
First assuming that
2
2
2
1
2
2 1
z z z z + = + and prove that
2
1
z
z
is purely imaginary
Given
2
2
2
1
2
2 1
z z z z + = +
Let ), ( ), (
2 2 2 1 1 1
iy x z iy x z + = + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2
2
1 1
2
2 1 2 1
iy x iy x y y i x x + + + = + + +
( ) ( )
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2 1
2
2 1
y x y x y y x x + + + = + + +
0
2 1 2 1
= + y y x x (given)
Now we have
70
) (
) (
) (
) (
2 2
2 2
2 2
1 1
2
1
iy x
iy x
iy x
iy x
z
z
+
+
=
=
2
2
2
2
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
y x
y y x iy y ix x x
+
+ +

=
2
2
2
2
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
) (
y x
y x x y i y y x x
+
+ +

=
2
2
2
2
2 1 2 2
) ( 0
y x
y x x y i
+
+

=
2
2
2
2
2 1 2 2
) (
y x
y x x y i
+

2
1
z
z
is purely imaging
Conversely assuming that
2
1
z
z
is purely imaging and we shall prove that
2
2
2
1
2
2 1
z z z z + = +
2
2
2
2
2 1 2 1
2
1
) (
y x
y x x y i
z
z
+
= Q (purely imaging i.e. Real part 0)

2
2
2
2
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
2
1
) (
y x
y x x y i y y x x
z
z
+
+ +
=
=
) )( (
) )( (
2 2 2 2
2 2 1 1
iy x iy x
iy x iy x
+
+

0
2 1 2 1
= + y y x x
0 2 2
2 1 2 1
= + y y x x
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
1 2 1
2
2
2
1 2 1
2
2
2
1
2 2 y y x x y y y y x x x x + + + = + + + + +
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
2 1
2
2 1
) ( ) ( y x y x y y x x + + + = + + +
2
2 2
2
1 1
2
2 1 2 1
) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( iy x iy x y y i x x + + + = + + +
2
2
2
1
2
2 1
z z z z + = +

Q.80 A vector x
r
satisfies the equation 0 a x ; b c b x = =
r r
r
r
r
r
. Prove that
( )
( )
b
b . a
c . a
c x
r
r
r
r r
r r
=
provided a
r
and b
r
are not perpendicular. (8)

Ans:
In question condition must be 0 a x instead of 0 = a x
0 , = = a x b c b x
) ( ) ( b c a b x a =
b c a c b a b x a x b a ) . ( ) . ( ) . ( ) . ( =
71
b
b a
c a
c
b a
b x a
x
.
.
.
) . (
. =
(given condition 0 = a x is wrong it should be 0 a x or x.a = 0)
b a
c a
c
b a
b
x
.
.
.
. 0
=
b
b a
c a
c x
.
.
=

Q.81 Using vector methods prove that the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. (8)

Ans:

In parallelogram AB = DC
position vector ) ( a b
r
r
= position vector ) ( d c
r
r

a c d b + = +
2 2
a c d b +
=
+

mid point of BD = mid point of AC
Diagonal of
gm
|| bisect to each other.

Q.82 The constant forces 2i 5j + 6k, -i+2j-k and 2i + 7j act on a particle which is displaced from
position 4i 3j 2k to position 6i + j 3k. Find the total work done. (8)

Ans:
k j i f f f F 5
4 3
3 2 1
+ + = + + =
r

Displacement = (6i + j 3k) - )
4 ( k j i
= k j i

4 2 +
w = f.d = )
2 ).( 5
3 ( k j i k j i + + +
= 6 + 16 5
= 17 N

Q..83 Show that
72
( )
3
2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
b a 1
b a 1 a 2 b 2
a 2 b a 1 ab 2
b 2 ab 2 b a 1
+ + =

+
+
(8)

Ans:
3 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2
) 1 (
1 2 2
2 1 2
2 2 1
b a
b a a b
a b a ab
b ab b a
+ + =

+
+

Applying
3 1 1
bc c c on L.H.S.
=
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
1 2 ) 1 (
2 1 0
2 2 1
b a a b a b
a b a
b ab b a
+ +
+
+ +

1 3 3
bR R R
=
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
1 ) 1 ( 2 0
2 1 0
2 2 1
b a b a
a b a
b ab b a
+ +
+
+ +

= )] 1 ( 4 ) 1 )( 1 )[( 1 (
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
b a b a b a b a + + + + + +
= )] 1 ( 4 } ) 1 )[{( 1 (
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
b a a b b a + + + + +
= )] 1 ( 4 ) 1 ( 2 ) 1 )[( 1 (
2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 2
b a b a a b b a + + + + + + +
= ] ) 1 ( 2 ) 1 )[( 1 (
4 2 2 2 2 2 2
a b a b b a + + + + + +
=
2 2 2 2 2
) 1 )( 1 ( b a b a + + + +
=
3 2 2
) 1 ( b a + + = R.H.S. Hence proved.

Q.84 Write the following equations in the matrix form AX = B and solve for X by finding
1
A
.

8 z y x 3
0 z y x 2
3 z 2 y x
= +
= +
= +
(8)

Ans:
8
0
3
1 1 3
1 1 2
2 1 1
z
y
x

B A =
73
5
1 1 3
1 1 2
2 1 1
=
= A
5
1 3
1 2
) 1 ( , 0
1 1
1 1
) 1 (
3
12
2
11
=
= =
= a a
1
1 1
2 1
) 1 ( , 5
1 3
1 2
) 1 (
5
21
4
13
=
= =
= a a
1
1 1
2 1
) 1 ( , 2
1 3
1 1
) 1 ( , 5
1 3
2 1
) 1 (
4
31
5
23
4
22
=
= = = =
= a a a
3
1 2
1 1
) 1 ( , 5
1 3
2 1
) 1 (
6
33
5
32
=
= =
= a a

= =

=

3 2 5
5 5 5
1 1 0
5
1
3 2 5
5 5 5
1 1 0
) .(
1
A
adjA
A A Adj
B A = Q

= =

8
0
3
1
1 1 1
0
5
3
5
2
5
1
5
1
1
B A
=
5
9
, 5 ,
5
8
5
5
9
5
8
= = =
z y x

Q.85 Test the consistency of the following equations and if possible, find the solution

21 z 9 y 3 x 15
1 z 3 y x
8 z 6 y 2 x 4
= +
= +
= +
(8)

Ans:
Given system of equation
21
1
8
9 3 15
3 1 1
6 2 4
z
y
x

B A =
Now [ ]
21 : 9 3 15
1 : 3 1 1
8 : 6 2 4
:
= = B A c

2 1
R R
74
=

21 : 9 3 15
8 : 6 2 4
1 : 3 1 1

1 2 2
4R R R

1 3 3
15R R R
=

36 : 54 18 0
12 : 18 6 0
1 : 3 1 1

6
2
2
R
R

18
2
3
R
R
=

2 : 3 1 0
2 : 3 1 0
1 : 3 1 1

2 3 3
R R R
=

0 : 0 0 0
2 : 3 1 0
1 : 3 1 1

R(A) = R(C) < n
R(A) = R(c) = 2 < 3
Given system of equation is a consistent
Now we have
0
2
1
0 0 0
3 1 0
3 1 1
z
y
x

Let z = k, -y + 3z = 2
-y = 2 3k

y = 3k 2
x + y 3z = -1
x = -1 3k + 2 + 3k
x = +1
Different value of k, system has infinite solution.

Q .86 Obtain the characteristic equation of the matrix
=
3 0 2
1 2 0
2 0 1
A and use Cayley-Hamilton
theorem to find its inverse. (8)

75
Ans:
0 1 = A , characteristic equation
0
3 0 2
1 2 0
2 0 1
=

i.e. 0 2 7 6
2 3
= + + ..(1)
by using Clayey-Hamilton Theorem, A satisfying (1)
0 2 7 6
2 3
= + + I A A A
0 2 7 6
1 2
= + +

A I A A
I A A A 7 6 2
2 1
+ =

=

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
7
3 0 2
1 2 0
2 0 1
6
13 0 8
5 1 2
8 0 5
2
1
A
=

2 0 4
1 1 2
4 0 6
2
1
A
=

1 0 2
1
2 0 3
2
1
2
1
1
A

Q.87 Find the Fourier series expansion for the function
( ) ( ) < < = 2 x 0 , x
2
1
x f . (16)

Ans:
Let nx b nx a
a
x f
n
n
n
n
sin cos
2
) (
1 1
0

=
=
+ + = .(1)
Now, we have
dx x dx x f a

= =

2
0
2
0
0
) (
1
) (
1

=
2
0
2
2 2
1
x
x
0
0
= a
Now, nxdx x f a
n
cos ) (
1
2
0

= nxdx x cos ) (
2
1
2
0

76
= nxdx x nxdx cos
2
1
cos
2
1
2
0
2
0

2
0
2
0
sin sin
2
1
0 dx
n
nx
n
nx x

=
2
0
2
cos
2
1
n
nx

0 =
n
a
Now, nxdx x b
n
sin ) (
2
1 1
2
0
=

= nxdx x nxdx sin
2
1
sin
2
1
2
0
2
0

= nxdx xsin
2
1
2
0
dx
n
nx
n
nx x

2
0
2
0
cos ) (cos
2
1

=
2
0
2
sin ) (cos
2
1
n
nx
n
nx x

=

n
n
2 cos
2
2
1

=
n n
n 1 2 cos
=

nx
n
x f
n
sin
1
) (
1
=
=
... 3 sin
3
1
2 sin
2
1
sin ) (
2
1
+ + + = x x x x

Q.88 Find the Laplace transform of { } 4t Sin e t L
t 2
. (8)

Ans:
} 4 sin {
2
t e t L
t

Q we know that
16
4
} 4 {sin
2
+
=
s
t L
) (
16 ) 1 (
4
} 4 sin {
2
s f
s
t e L
t
=
+
=
) ( ) 1 ( } 4 sin {
1
s f
ds
d
t te L
t
=
77
=
17 2
4
2
s s ds
d

= ) (
) 17 2 (
) 2 2 ( 4
2 2
s F
s s
s
=
+

Now, ) ( } 4 sin {
2
s F
ds
d
t e t L
t
=
=
2 2
) 17 2 (
) 1 ( 8
s s
s
ds
d

=
3 2
2
) 17 2 (
) 13 6 3 ( 8
+

s s
s s

Q.89 Find the Inverse Laplace transform of
|
|
\
|
+ +
+
25 s 6 s
1 s
L
2
1
(8)
Ans:
)
`
+ +
+
25 6
1
2
1
s s
s
L
=
)
`
+ +
+
16 ) 3 (
1
2
1
s
s
L
=
)
`
+ +
+
16 ) 3 (
2 3
2
1
s
s
L
=
)
`
+ +
+
)
`
+ +
+

16 ) 3 (
1
2
16 ) 3 (
3
2
1
2
1
s
L
s
s
L
=
)
`
)
`
+

16
1
2
16
2
1 3
2
1 3
s
L e
s
s
L e
t t

= t e t e
t t
4 sin
4
1
. 2 4 cos .
3 3

= ] 4 sin 4 cos 2 [
2
1
3
t t e
t

x 2 Sin y 6
dx
dy
5
dx
y d
2
2
= + . (8)

Ans:
x y D D 2 sin ) 6 5 (
2
= +
0 6 5 . .
2
= + m m E A
m = 2, 3
C.F. =
x x
e c e c
3
2
2
1
+
78
P.I. = x
D D
2 sin
) 6 5 (
1
2
+

= x
D
2 sin
6 5 2
1
2
+

= x
D
2 sin
6 5 4
1
+

= x
D
2 sin
) 2 5 (
1

= x
d
D
2 sin
4 25
) 2 5 (
2
+

= x
D
2 sin
4 4 25
) 2 5 (

+

= x
D
2 sin
104
) 2 5 (
+

= x x 2 sin 2 2 cos
104
10
+
= x x 2 sin
52
1
2 cos
52
5
+
y = C.F + P.I
= ( ) x x e c e c
x x
2 sin
52
1
2 cos
52
5
3
2
2
1
+ + +

Q.91 By using Laplace transform solve the differential equation
, t 2 cos t y
dt
y d
2
2
= + with initial conditions 0
dt
dy
, 0 y = = , when t = 0. (8)

Ans:
t t y D 2 cos ) 1 (
2
= + ..(1)
0 , 0 , 0 = = = t
dt
dy
y
Taking Laplace transform of equation (1)
} 2 cos { ) ( t t L y y L = +
)
`
+
= +
4
} { ) 0 ( ) 0 ( } {
2
2
s
s
ds
d
y L y sy y L s

4
2
4
1
} { ) 1 (
2
2
2
2
+
+
+
= +
s
s
s
y L s

2 2 2
2
) 4 )( 1 (
4
} {
+ +
=
s s
s
y L
)
`
+
+
+
+
+
=
2 2 2 2
) 4 (
1
3
8
) 4 (
1
9
5
) 1 (
1
9
5
} {
s s s
y L
79

)
`
+
+
)
`
+
+
)
`
+
=

2 2
1
2
1
2
1
) 4 (
1
3
8
) 4 (
1
9
5
) 1 (
1
9
5
s
L
s
L
s
L y
= dx x t x t t
t
) ( 2 sin
2
1
. 2 sin
2
1
3
8
2 sin
18
5
sin
9
5
0
+ +

By convolution
= { }dx t x t t t
t
+ +
0
2 cos ) 4 2 cos(
3
1
2 sin
18
5
sin
9
5

=
t
t x x t t t
0
2 cos ) 4 2 sin(
4
1
3
1
2 sin
18
5
sin
9
5
+ +
= t t t t t t 2 sin
12
1
2 cos
3
1
2 sin
12
1
2 sin
18
5
sin
9
5
+ + +
= t t t t 2 cos
3
1
2 sin
9
4
sin
9
5
+

Q.92 Find the moment of the force F about a line through the origin having direction of
k j i

2
2 + + , due to a 30 Kg force acting at a point ( 4, 2, 5) in the direction of

k j i
12 . (8)

Ans:
Let D be given line through the origin O and F
r
be the force through A(-4, 3, 5).
k j i OA
4 + =
13
)
12 ( 30 k j i
F

=
r

Moment of F
r
about F OA O
r
=
= ( ) k j i
k j i
36
13
13
60
13
90
13
120
13
360
5 2 4

+ + =

Thus the moment of f
r
about the line D
r

( ) |
\
|
+ +
+ +
+ +
1 4 4
2 2
.
36
13
13
60 k j i
k j i

13
2040
13
2040
) 4 72 26 (
13
20
= = + +

Q.93 Prove that the right bisectors of the sides of a triangle intersect at its circum centre.
(8)

80

Ans:
Let A,B,C be the vertices of ABC, the mid-point of the sides BC, CA and AB are D,E,F
let at D and E to BC and CA respectively
interests the point ) (R P
r
; then 0 . = C B P D
s r

( ) 0 .
2
=
|
|
\
|
+
B C
C B
R
r r
r r
r
.(1)
And ( ) 0 .
2
0 . =
|
|
\
|
+
= C A
C A
R A C P E
r r
r r
r r r

(2)
Adding (1) & (2) , we get
( ) 0 .
2
=
|
|
\
| +
B A
B A
R so AB FP
PB PA = if R B R A
r r r r
=
( ) 0 .
2
=
|
|
\
| +
B A
B A
R Ans.

Q..94 Show that the components of a vector B along and perpendicular to A in the plane of
Aand B are
|
|
\
|

2
A
B A
A and
( )
2
A
A B A
. (8)

Ans:
Let B B O A A O
r r r r
= = , and OM be the projection of B
r
on A
r
.
Component of B
r
along A
r
= OM
= ( )
A
A
A
A B
A A B
r r r
r
|
|
\
|
=
.

.
A
A
A B
r
r r
.
.
2

Also component of A
A
A B
B M O B O B M A B
r
r r
r r r r r r
.
.
2
= = =
=
2
) (
A
A B A
r r r

Ans.

Q.95 If ( )

i
e i = + tan show that
2 2
1
|
\
|
+ = n and
|
\
|
+ =
2 4
tan log
2
1
. (8)

81
Ans:
sin cos ) tan( i i + = +
=
+
=
0
cos 2
sin cos 1
cos 2
2 tan
2 2

2 2
1
2
2

\
|
+ = + = n n
Also
) tan( ) tan( 1
) tan( ) tan(
2 tan

i i
i i
i
+
+
=
= sin tanh i i =
Or

1
sin
2 2
2 2

=
+
e e
e e
(By Componendo and Devidendo)

sin 1
sin 1
2
2
+
=

e
e

|
\
|
+ =
|
|
\
|
+
=
2 4
tan
tan 1
tan 1
2
2
2
2 4

e e

|
\
|
+ =
2 4
tan log
2
1
Ans.

Q.96 If ( ) ( ) ( ) iB A ib a ........ .......... ib a ib a
n n
+ = + + +
2 2 1 1
then
A
B
a
b
a
b
a
b
n
n 1 1
2
2 1
1
1 1
tan tan .... .......... tan tan

= + + + . (8)

Ans:
Let , ___ 2 , 1 ), sin (cos n j i r ib a
j j j j j
= + = +
) sin (cos i R iB A + = +
Now iB A ib a ib a ib a
n n
+ = + + + + + ) ( ....... ) )( (
2 2 1 1

[ ] ) sin (cos ) ...... sin( ) ...... cos( ......
2 1 2 1 2 1
i R i r r r
n n n
+ = + + + +
n
r r r R ...... ,
2 1
=
Or
( )( ) ( )
2 2 2
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2 2
. .......... .
n n
b a b a b a B A + + + = +
A
B
a
b
a
b
a
b
n
n 1 1
2
2
1
1 1
tan tan . .......... tan tan

= + +

Q.97 Show that the origin and the complex numbers represented by the roots of the equation
0
2
= + + b az z , where a, b are real, form an equilateral triangle if b a 3
2
= . (8)

82
Ans:

A
2
0
2
b i a
Z b aZ Z

= = + +
2
b

b
b a
OA = + =
4 4
2

2
a
O
b OB =
Thus b
b b
AB = + =
2 2
B
AB OB OA = = , hence they form an equilateral triangle.

Q.98 Prove that
|
\
|
+ + + + =
+
+
+
+
d c b a
abcd
d
c
b
a
1 1 1 1
1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
. (8)

Ans:
1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
+
+
+
+
=

d d d d
c c c c
b b b b
a a a a
abcd
) (
4 3 2 1 1
R R R R R + + +
1
1
1
1 1 1 1
) 1 (
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
+
+
+
+ + + +

d d d d
c c c c
b b b b
d c b a abcd
1 4 4 1 3 3 1 2 2
, , C C C C C C C C C
=
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
0 0 0 1
1 1 1 1
1
1
1
1
= |
\
|
+ + + +
d
c
b
d c b a
abcd
|
\
|
+ + + +
d c b a
abcd
1 1 1 1
1 Ans.

2
b
83
Q.99 Determine the values of , , when

2 0
is orthogonal. (8)
Ans:
If A is orthogonal then I A A =

1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1
2
0 2 0

3
1
,
6
1
.......
0 2
1 4
2 2
2 2
= =
=
= +

But
2
1
1
2 2 2
= + +

3
1
,
6
1
,
2
1
Ans.

Q.100 Find the values of k such that the system of equations 0 3 = + + z ky x , 0 3 4 = + + kz y x ,
0 2 2 = + + z y x has non-trivial solution. (8)

Ans:
The set of equation is
0
0
0
2 1 2
3 4
3 1
z
y
x
k
k

1 3 3 1 2 2
2 , 4 R R R R R R
For a non-trivial solution (A) = (A : B) = 2
Thus 0 = A
A =

4 2 1 0
12 4 3 0
3 1
k
k k
k

-4(3 4k) (1 2k)(k 12) = 0
2
9
, 0 0 9 2
2
= = k k k

Q.101 Find the characteristic equation of the matrix
=
1 2 1
2 1 2
1 3 4
A . Hence find
1
A .
(8)

84

Ans:
Characteristic equation is 0
1 2 1
2 1 2
1 3 4
=

0 11 6 6
2 3
= + or 0 11 6 6
2 3
= + I A A A
[ ] I A A A 6 6
11
1
2 1
+ =

=

2 5 3
10 3 4
7 1 5
1
A

Q.102 Find the Fourier series for ( )
< <
< <
< < +
< <
=
2 1 , 0
1 0 , 1
0 1 , 1
1 2 , 0
t
t t
t t
t
t f . (16)
Ans:
2
sin
2
cos
2
) (
1 1
0
t n
bn
t n
an
a
t f
n n

=
=
+ + =
2
1
0 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( 0
2
1
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
2
0
=
+ + + + =

dt dt t dt t dt a
+ + =

dt
t n
t dt
t n
t a
2
cos ) 1 (
2
cos ) 1 (
2
1
0
1
0

=
)
`
+
)
`
+ +
1
0
2 2
0
1
2 2
2
cos
4 2
.
2
sin ) 1 (
2
cos
4 2
.
2
sin ) 1 (
2
1 t n
n n
t n
t
t n
n n
t n
t

\
|
=
2
cos 1
4
2 2
n
n
a
n

+ + =

dt
t n
t dt
t n
t b
n
2
sin ) 1 (
2
sin ) 1 (
2
1
1
0
0
1

=
)
`
\
|
+
)
`
+ +
1
0
2 2
0
1
2 2
2
sin
4 2
.
2
cos ) 1 (
2
sin
4 2
.
2
cos ) 1 (
2
1 t n
n n
t n
t
t n
n n
t n
t

0 =
n
b
t
n n
n
t f
n
2
cos
2
cos 1
4
4
1
) (
1
2 2

\
|
+ =

=
Ans.

85
Q.103 Find |
\
|

t
t sin
t
e L
3
4
. (8)
Ans:
{ }
+
=
)
`
+
=
s
s t
t
L
s
t L
9
3 3 sin
,
9
3
3 sin
2 2

3
tan
2 3
tan
1 1
s s
s
=
)
`

3
cot
3 sin
1
s
t
t
L

=
)
`

3
4
cot
3 sin
1 4
+
=
)
`

s
t
t
e L
t

4
3
tan
1
+

s
Ans.

Q.104 Find the inverse Laplace transform of
( ) ( ) 4 s 1 s s
4 s
2
+
+
. (8)
Ans:
4 1 ) 4 )( 1 (
4
2 2
+
+
+
+ =
+
+
s
D Cs
s
B
s
A
s s s
s

1 , 0 , 1 , 1 = = = = D C B A
)
`
)
`
+
)
`
=
)
`
+ =
)
`
+
+

4
2
2
1
1
1 1
4
1
1
1 1
) 4 )( 1 (
4
2
1 1 1
2
1
2
1
s
L
s
L
s
L
s s s
L
s s s
s
L
t e
t
2 sin
2
1
1 +

Ans.

Q..105 Using Laplace transformation, solve the following differential equation:
t x
dt
x d
2 cos 9
2
2
= + if x(0) = 1, ( ) 1
2
=
x . (8)

Ans:
{ } { } t L x L
dt
x d
L 2 cos 9
2
2
= +
)
`

4
) ( 9 ) 0 ( ) 0 ( ) (
2
2
+
= +
s
s
s X X sX s X s
( )
4
5
4
) 0 ( ) ( 9
2
3
2
2
+
+
= +
+
= +
s
s s
s
s
s
X s X s
) 9 (
) 0 (
) 9 )( 4 (
) 5 (
) (
2 2 2
2
+
+
+ +
+
=
s
X
s s
s s
s X
Taking Laplace Inverse transform
86
)
`
+
)
`
+
+
)
`
+
=

9
) 0 (
9 5
4
4 5
1
) (
2
1
2
1
2
1
s
X
L
s
s
L
s
s
L t X
t X t t t X 3 sin ) 0 (
3
1
3 cos
5
4
2 cos
5
1
) ( + + =
Put
t
t

= we get 1 = |
\
|
t
x

) 0 (
3
1
5
1
1 X + =
5
12
) 0 (

= X
[ ] t t t X 3 sin 12 3 cos 4 2 cos
5
1
+ =
Q..106 If z is any complex number and z is its complex conjugate then show that
2
z z z = .
(7)
Ans:
y x y x i - z then i z Let = + =
iy) - (x ) ( z z Now iy x + = ) 1 ( x
2 2
+ = y
Also |z|
2
=
2
2 2
y x + ( )
2 2
x y + = ----------(2)
From (1) and (2),
2
| z | z z =

Q..107 Find the square root of the complex number 3 + 4i. (7)

Ans:
iy) (x 4i 3 Let + = + , iy) (x 4i 3 Then
2
+ = + xy 2i y
2 2
+ = x
-(1) - - - - - - - - - - - 3 y - x
2 2
= and (2) - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 xy =
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
y 4x ) y - (x ) y (x Now, + = + = 9+16 = 25
-(3) - - - - - - - - - - - 5 y x
2 2
= +
from (1) and (3) x
2
=4, y
2
=1 1 , 2 x = = y
from (2) xy is positive so if x=2, y=1 and x=-2, y=-1
Hence i) (2 4 3 + = + i

Q..108 If + = Sin i os C z then find .
z
1
z
n
n
+ (7)
Ans:
Given z=Cos +i Sin z
n
= Cos n + i Sin n ,
z
-n
=Cosn-iSinn Therefore z
n
+z
-n
= 2 Cos n .

87
Q..109 If ,.... 3 , 2 , 1 r
2
Sin i
2
Cos a
r r
r
=
|
\
|

+
|
\
|

= then show that 1 inf ad ... a a a
3 2 1
= .
(7)
Ans:
Given |
\
|
+ |
\
|
=
r r
2
Sin
2
Cos

i a
r

r
2

i
e =
, e , e
2 r
2
i
2
2
i
1

= = a a .................
Now
...... ..........
3 2 1
a a a

- - - - - - - -
2
1

2
1
1
2

2
|
\
|
+ + +
=
i
e
i
e = = Cos + i Sin = -1

Q..110. If a square matrix A is invertible then show that
T
A (transpose of A) is also invertible and
( ) ( )
T
1
1
T
A A

= . (7)

Ans:
Since A is invertible matrix, therefore |A| 0 |A
T
|0
A
T
is also invertible
Now AA
-1
= I = A
-1
A (AA
-1
)
T
= I = (A
-1
A)
T
(A
-1
)
T
A
T
= I = A
T
(A
-1
)
T

(A
T
)
-1
= (A
-1
)
T

Q..111 Compute the inverse of the matrix
|
|
|
\
|
=
1 8 4
9 5 0
2 4 3
A . (7)
Ans:

=
1 8 4 -
9 5 0
2 -4 3
A
0 17 -
1 8 4 -
9 5 0
2 -4 3
| | = = A
=
33 23 13
32 22 12
31 21 11
C C
C C
C C

C
C
C
A Adj and
ij
j i
ij
C of minor (-1) C
+
=
67 - 72 - 5
1 8
9 5
C
11
= = = , 36 -
1 4 -
9 0
- C
12
= =
20
8 4 -
5 0
C
13
= = , 20
1 8
2 4 -
C
21
= =
88
11
1 4 -
2 3
C
22
= = , 8 -
8 4 -
4 3
- C
23
=
=
46 -
9 5
2 4 -
C
31
= = , 27 -
9 0
2 3
- C
32
= = , 15
5 0
4 3
C
33
=
=

15 8 20
27 11 36 -
46 20 67 -
A Adj
=
A Adj
| A |
1
A Now
1 -
=

15 8 20
27 11 36 -
46 20 67 -

17
1

=

Q..112. Evaluate
1
1
1
2
2
2

where is a complex cube root of unity. (7)
Ans:

1
1
1
2
2
2

[ ] [ ] [ ] + =
4 2 2 2 3
- 1 = 0, Since 1
3
=
Q..113 Show without evaluating that determinant 0
y x z 1
z x y 1
z y x 1
=
+
+
+
. (7)
Ans:

1
1
1
y x z
z x y
z y x
+
+
+

C
2
C
2
+C
3

1
1
1
y x z y x
z x z y x
z y z y x
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
=

1 1
1 1
1 1
z) y (x
y x
z x
z y
+
+
+
+ + = = (x+y+z) 0 [QC
1
and C
2
are identical]

= 0
89

Q..114 Find the position vector of a point which divides the line joining two given points in three
dimensional space. (7)

Ans:
Let the position vectors of points A and B are a and b respectively. Let P be the point which
divides the line joining A and B in the ratio m:n and let r be the position vector of P. Then
r OP b OB a OA = = = , , where O is origin
Given PB
n
m
AP
n
m
PB
AP
= =
collinear are PB and AP Q
) 1 ( AP n or PB
n
m
= = PB m AP
Now a - r OA - OP = = AP , r - b OP - OB = = PB
From (i) we get b m a n r m + = + r n
m n
b m a n
r
+
+
=

Q..115. Show that the vectors , k j i 2

+

k 5 j 3 i and

k 4 j 4 i 3 form the sides of a
right angled triangle. (7)

Ans:
k j - 2i A + = Let , k 5 3j - i B = k 4 4j - i 3 C =
0 5 3 2 . = + =

B A , , 41 , 35 , 6 = = =

C B A
sides represented by B and A are at right angles
Also
2 2 2

+ = B A C
vectors C and B , A form the sides of right angled triangle

Q..116. State Cayley Hamilton Theorem and verify it for the square matrix
|
|
|
\
|
2 2 1
1 3 1
1 2 2
. (7)
Ans:
Cayley Hamilton Theorem
Every square matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation

2 2 1
1 3 1
1 2 2
A Let
=
Characteristic matrix is

90

2 2 1
1 3 1
1 2 - 2
I - A

Characteristic equation is
|A-I| = 0
3
-7
2
+11-5 = 0 . By Cayley Hamilton theorem
A
3
-7A
2
+11A-5I = 0

Now
2 2 1
1 3 1
1 2 2
A
=

2 2 1
1 3 1
1 2 2

2 2 1
1 3 1
1 2 2
A
2
= =
7 12 6
6 13 6
6 12 7
=
2 2 1
1 3 1
1 2 2

7 12 6
6 13 6
6 12 7
A
3

32 62 31
31 63 31
31 62 32
=
A
3
-7A
2
+11A-5I
=
49 84 42
42 91 42
42 84 49
-
32 62 31
31 63 31
31 62 32

+
5 0 0
0 5 0
0 0 5
22 22 11
11 33 11
11 22 22

=
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0

Q..117 Show that the system of equations

0 z 2 y x 4
0 z 3 y 2 x
0 z y 3 x 2
=
= +
= +

has only the trivial solution. (7)

Ans:
System of equations is 2x - 3y + z = 0, x +2y 3z = 0 and 4x y 2z = 0
This is system of homogeneous equations can be written as
0
0
0
y
x

2 1 4
3 2 1
1 3 2
z

or AX = O, where
91
A=
0
0
0
O , y
x
X ,
2 1 4
3 2 1
1 3 2
z

Now |A| = 0 7
2 1 4
3 2 1
1 3 2
=

Thus |A| 0, So, the given system has only the trivial solution given by x=y=z=0

Q..118 Find the Fourier Series for the function,
( ) , x x f = < < 2 x 0 . (14)

Ans:
The Fourier series of (x) is (x) = nx Sin b Cosnx
2
1 n
n
1
0

=
=
+ +
n
n
a
a

Where
2
0
0
) (
1
dx x f a ,
2
0
dx nx Cos ) (
1
x f a
n
,
2
0
dx nx Sin ) (
1
x f b
n

Now
= =
2
0
0
2
1
xdx a
2
0
nx Cos
1
dx x a
n
2
0
2
n
n x Cos
- -
n
n x Sin

1

\
|
= x 0
n
1
-
n
1

1

2 2
=
2
0
dx nx Sin x
1

n
b
2
0
2
n
n x Sin

n
n x Cos
x -
1

+ =
n
2
-
n
2 -

1
=

Fourier series is

=
=
1 n
n
n x
2 - x
Sin

Q..119 Distinguish between even and odd functions. Give one example for each of these functions.
(7)
Ans:
Even function:
A function (x) is said to be even function if (-x) = (x)
Odd Function:
A function (x) is said to be odd function if (-x) = -(x)
Example:
Cos x, x
2
are even functions and Sin x, x are odd functions

92
Q..120. Forces

+ + + k j 2 i , k 6 j 5 i 2 , j 7 i 2 act on a point P having position vector

k 2 - j 3 i 4 . Find the vector moment of the resultant of three forces acting at P
about the point Q whose position vector is

+ k 3 - j i 6 . (7)

Ans:
Let R be the resultant of the three forces, R =

+ +
3 2 1
F F F = 3i + 4j + 5k
Vector moment of R at P about Q
= PQ R
=(2i+4j-k) (3i+4j+5k)

5 4 3
1 4 2
i

k j
= i [20+4]-j [10+3] +k [8-12] =24i-13j-4k

Q..121 Define Laplace transform of a function. Obtain the Laplace transform of Cosh (at). (7)

Ans:
[ ]
= =
0
st -
) ( f dt f(t) e f(t) L s , where function f(t) is defined for t 0 and s>0 is a
parameteparameter.
[ ]
=
0
st -
dt ) h( Cos e ) h( Cos L at at
= dt
e e
at at

|
|
\
| +
0
st -
2
e =
( ) ( )
[ ]
+
+
0
- s -
e
2
1
dt e
t a s t a

=
+
+

0
)t -(s )t - -(s
) (
e
) (
e

2
1
a s a s
a a
=
+
+
a s a s
1 1

2
1
=
2 2
2
2
1
a s
s
=
2 2
a s
s

Q..122 Find the inverse Laplace transform of
25 s 6 s
1 s
2
+
. (7)
Ans:

25 6
1 - s
2
1
s s
L =
16 ) 3 (
1 - s
2
1
s
L
=
+
+
+

16 ) 3 (
1
2
16 ) 3 (
3 - s
2
1
2
1
s
L
s
L
=
+
+
16
1
2
16
s
L
3
2
1 3
2
1 -
s
L e
s
t
e
t
= 4t
4
1
2 4t Cos
3 3
Sin e
t
e
t
+
=
+ 4t Sin
2
1
4t
3
Cos
t
e

93

Q..123 Solve the differential equation 0 y 12
dx
dy
7
dx
y d
2
2
= + . (7)
Ans:
Differential equation is 0 12 7
2
2
= + y
dx
dy
dx
y d

Let y = e
mx
is the solution of given differential equation.
The auxiliary equation is m
2
-7m+12 = 0 (m-4) (m-3) = 0 m=3,4
solution is y=C
1
e
3x
+ C
2
e
4x

Q..124 Solve by using Laplace transform, the differential equation
( ) ( ) . 0 0 y , 1 0 y , t sin y 4
dt
y d
2
2
= = = + (7)

Ans:
Given t 4
2
2
Sin y
dt
y d
= +
Taking Laplace transform of both sides, we have

[ ] [ ] Sin t L y L 4
y d
L
2
2
= +
dt
[ ] [ ]
1
1
4 ) 0 ( ) 0 ( y L
2
2
+
= +
s
y L y sy s
But y(0) = 1, y(0) = 0 [ ]
1
1
y L 4) (
2
2
+
= +
s
s s
[ ]
) 4 (s ) 1 (
1
4
s
y L
2 2 2
+ +
+
+
=
s s

+ +
+
+
=

) 4 )( 1 (
1
4 s
s
L
2 2
1
2
1 -
s s
L y 2t Sin
6
1
- Sin t
3
1
2t + = Cos

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DE23/DC23 MATHEMATICS-II

are vertices of the a

c = (2, 3, 4). Then ) c b ( a

is 16, then the third eigen value

exists and that

being an identity matrix. (7)

b be any two vectors, then show that

( nx x cos Q is odd function)

AB, where the point A and B have the co-ordinates ( ) 3 , 2 , 1 and ( ) 2 , 4 , 3

2 + passing through the point k

+ . Find the velocity of the point of the body

= Q (purely imaging i.e. Real part 0)

2 + + , due to a 30 Kg force acting at a point ( 4, 2, 5) in the direction of

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