= Credit: 3 3L+OT+OP RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA III Year-VI Semester: or Coen Science and Engineering 6CS4-04: Computer Architecture and Organization Max. Marks: 150(IA:30, ETE:120) End Term Exam: 3 Hours ‘SN Contents Hours ay Introduction: Objective, scope and outcome of the course. o1 2 Computer Data Representation: Basic computer data types, Complements, Fixed point representation, Register Transfer and Micro-operations: Floating point representation, Register Transfer language, Register Transfer, Bus and Memory Transfers (Tree-State Bus Buffers, Memory Transfer), Arithmetic Micro-Operations, Logic Micro-Operations, Shift Micro-Operations, Arithmetic logical shift unit. Basic Computer Organization and Designinstruction codes, Computer registers, computer instructions, Timing and Control, Instruction cycle, Memory-Reference Instructions, Input-output and interrupt, Complete computer description, Design of Basic computer, design of Accumulator Unit. 10 Programming The Basic Computer: Introduction, Machine Language, Assembly Language, assembler, Program loops, Programming Arithmetic and logic operations, subroutines, I-O Programming. Micro programmed Control: Control Memory, Address sequencing, Micro program Example, design of control Unit Central Processing Unit: Introduction, General Register Organization, Stack Organization, Instruction format, Addressing Modes, data transfer and manipulation, Program Control, Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC)Pipeline And Vector Processing, Flynn's taxonomy, Parallel Processing, Pipelining, Arithmetic Pipeline, Instruction, Pipeline, RISC Pipeline, Vector Processing, Array Processors Computer Arithmetic: Introduction, Addition and subtraction, Multiplication Algorithms (Booth Multiplication Algorithm), Division Algorithms, Floating Point Arithmetic operations, Decimal ‘Arithmetic. Unit. Input-Output Organization, Input-Output Interface, Asynchronous Data Transfer, Modes Of Transfer, Priority Interrupt, DMA, Input-Output Processor (IOP), CPUIOP Communication, Serial communication. Memory Organization: Memory Hierarchy, Main Memory, Auxiliary Memory, Associative Memory, Cache Memory, Virtual Memory. Multipreocessors: Characteristics of _-—_—_‘Mulltiprocessors, Interconnection Structures, Inter-processor Arbitration, Inter- processor Communication and Synchronization, Cache Coherence, Shared Memory Multiprocessoi Total Syllabus of “Year B. Tech. (CS) for students admitt = ~Olfice of Deum in Session 201 42 18 onwards. Page § adenits Altatrs — Rifasthan Techaical University, Kota’CC “ATLED LICTURE NG Cenkrol Proce ns Unik Central Rrocmsiag wnik:- dokroduclion , Gunevol Ryicher Orgenizstion, Stack Orgorizahen, dnbroction qormnoh , Addvercing modes; date Prone end menipulltien , propeer control , Reduced tarkraction Seb co we (RESC) Pipeline ond Veekor Provertiny , Flynn's ncaa Rocca provexigy Pipelining , Ax three Rpg | desbeccon, Pigehine, Race Pipeline, Vector Provuszigg, Area Processors. Tobrodach'on:- “cpu isthe perk 4 the compul heb Raclornens he bulk Q ote Proveminy opechon is called tre contre? Prous Unik. The CPU fa mode op gy three mejor Onsike, tie: wegisher Seb shores inkersodich dota used durigs ee etn, tne insbredsons. The ALU unit Rurperau the required microopersh gon exeutig she inskrodtions. The contro) vik Supervice the ei rondo q igferrnebion among the either and inskruch He ALU ok whidh operetion ko Perfoon I] Ragin seh | aitivaehe Unik (ALU) Mayor ents 6) CPUGrunerot Regpiter Ovgetztont dh isenore convenient ond more quent +0 shove these iohemediobe Valuer in protercor eginhe. When om Large nomba- thet oan included in CPV, ikit the moth ffedent 4o connect them fhrough commen bet Lusher. The vepithers Comenuniahe sith each chur nok only gor divech doba froncfers, bubelio nhile Pecdormty veriour microoperoHon. dock Ve ©) Blok Digger SeLAT seco psec D] orn | ©& Conve) word Regicher Sa sity Common ALUFr ENC DETAILED LECTURE NOTES The operation seleched inthe ALU detemmina the avilhmdic, ov Logic Sferohion thobizte be performed. “the rerabhey the estore: soperalion is oweilobe Jor 0]? daha ond clio gou into the inpak cdl the vegishert. the wegisher strob veceivet the Indorenebion fom sine O}p hus ik selected by a detoden, “The decode adkvele one 2 the vegtiter load in pak tus Revidy a Frengles pet bk he date in the Op bus ond tre inpuk 9 the Selected derhinclion.. vegither: The control nik theh opereter the CPU bur Rpthenn clive Hai : aoe rough the vegictew end ALU by selechy the vaxieet eo pon. wens inthe tyshen. For y. te Reform the operction. ® Ric Ra +Rs she Contre! musk Provide binstay selection vartebla to He dpllowty selector Sngute:- 14 Mux A. geleckor (4eLA): to place thetontenk 6) R2 inte bul A a4 MUX Blech (SELB): to plate the Content 8)R3inko bes B ; 3a ALU Operelion Selecor (OPR):- fo prouide the axithmebve addition ata ha Derodu dertinchion selector (£€LN); to tr . th ben ovtpub bus into RI. PEE ONE, 9 ioe coctzo) word:- There ont 4 binety} Selection inpuk inthe vnikand phe Combined vobut cped dies & Contre] ord. ®oe radi Regi irks ebeckiongielda Encoding ALU operotions inary Code SELA SELB SELD ork operebion enkel Pinery Sebeck F an 000 npor — Enpuk Nene 00000 Ti 4 TSA Oot Rt RI a cece! dnentonnk A INCA OO010 Add A+® Aod oy en 0010\ SubikmihA-B SUB oll R RRS ONO DetremunhA DECA 08 Ra 01000 = AND Aad ® AND \ m yy o1o10 OR Aad oR — Rey | RSe ne Ol100 KOR Aadh — KOR ye Re Re Re OVO Complenebh COMA 10000 ShidbrightA SHRA "y ey Bi ee \toco 4: unk SHLA Erompta Q Nicrooperchions dow the CPU. e Symbolic Dergyn ten MicroopereHieo SLA SELB SLD OrR Control Kord Rie Rok 2 RD RI SUB O10 Ol) OO} cotel Rue RYVRE RY Rs RY OR 100 fal {00 oloto RES Ret! Re = RG INCA 110 eo Ne goce} RE&RI R} _— RF TSEA 001) 000 III goeoe OutpubeR2 Ra — None TEA O10 000 O8® 6000 Out pub& Shpub Snpub —=. Nene. sr ern’ 068 oce 000 ovcgg Ryeshi Ro RY -— ky SHLA 100 600 Joo \\WQe0 R5<-0 RS R65 RS XOR 1o\ ooo 10! ooo Skok Orgonitobion:- A skauk is a Horge device throb ctoves jndormotion is guch amenner theb the them thored Lath ic He qfirsh then tebdived othe operction the Chack Conbe Compared toa shack Arreys. The Lak trey placed on tie top 9 the Shack is the iret he Be TThe hee operchions OQ) attack axe the insembon ad deletion Thema. “the Operotien 6) insesbion is cebled push ( or push doun) The obs delelion ic tolled pop or pop-vp) becorus it ton be thoughh Qothre CAE GQ. reseuing One ihe! ce Fhek He stack pope -up. @Cc DETAILED LEC! Regisher Shack: A shask ton be placed in a forkon qe Lasge as, or ikeen be orgenized asa wllechon qe poe number Q muna wos ov vegittes. : he xa e 63 [eat] Exo ° Jpibially , SP izdaoned to 0, EMPTY iz ct bo |, ond PULL is chested to O, go thel 4P poinks so thesord af addveties Oord Pre shaw ic meried enphy ond not Full. dq the thoelis nok pl tg (FULL) jo ness iken is inserted with apuh Op retion toe el doermenk shade pointer, ML se] PR Hirife ifen 04 fop spire shoe 4f eps 0) then (FULLE) check if shack iaqall. Empty <- © Mark the chauk nok exp ly.whe Shack pointer is incremented $0 Hob ih poinkt to the addvewe 9 the. Deak high tid. Amemory wrike operetion insesht the cord. Jom DR inte the top g the Sheth. the {iakibes stored inthe thadt iS teddvers | ord Lesh thw is Hod ab ocdvers 0. igcr weacke 0 » $0 PulLjsterbe)- chic condiien ix weached ifthe hop ites Prior te Hee Leak Pus LoeHen 63 ond. after incrementing SP the Lash ihe 1a shored in Locehion O. Anos ite ic deleted from tha the 14 the thet ienok expla (id Empty <0) + The pop operction contithe ihe follovig Q rricro operation Read. jhe qron the bop @] thethe bh wed fn DRE MESPI cee SP-I Decrererk {reek Poiakr - dy(sP=8) the EMPTY 1) Cheek ig ete is exphy- e@ FuLL Lang addves_deubroctorss. “The Putt ad POP insbrodions, need anaddren Held bo speci dy the Operond theb Coro muniches Posh Pork B Aod Posh Posy AOD. MOL pop oT x tstth the shack. (Tos shod: top q chock) . TOL Diep ene Addr, Moder. date the contenls @ the indexed gegihe te oclded to the Add-ras per-g the intkrockon , -fo obbein the agecioe oddirtes operand. BA A+(R)) dothic the addiex dild bald boo vlan, A( pick is He Bete volt) ead R Ctheb holds the dicplecersh) or Vice Vesa: Soatere chon 8s Ribeoe addverti ry moder tb ig a vertion q ‘Dirplrcomet addveniy qrode. In THe conktY PC (Progren Counter) is ocleled bo Addo perk Bp imbrockonto Obbein th ¢ffechve addret. CAS AT EO, Whew EA if effecbor Odd ren adh C Progra, Counter @®DETAILED LECTURE NOTES “The operand is A celle anwey grown the cunnent Coll. (the one pointed +10 by ec). - mae Regi cher fddveriey nodes. displocemert oddrenige mode STAix Cor be pplatinenk and R hold pointe ts ihic agoln avession defined EAT A+ (®) Woe A ied. bare adden jouk Addveticg MOMLI- dots mode operand isoh he hop ea Hes sakes eh'on wil) POP tose items back . for : AOD saree eh ele yond will Bes: Pose pha, vere te Hoe 2 yom top tet: > ; Date trong ond. Honipulation 18 Mosk Computer fsb Hon con be elangje nko three geri 13 Dobe sHronde nthe chore da Date rnedipubston inthrecton 34 Proyran tonbrel jribruchons \a Dole inalroctions:- The mosl commun yh a teks bly memory and proteney vepiuhar, bow ; ee and bus procestor repidon opens Proctor veyitlr od ApoTypick Dok TrewLa tuikrecow:. Nome Hrewonic Load Lp Short ST Move. Mov Exthoge cH dapat IN Oukpat Ovt Push PUSH Pop. PoP 4 Debs Meripubation frubructions:- ib tone divided ink three ® ype: 14 Atithmebic. imbrodions. 25 Logie ord bik meripulohion insbroctton, d2 Shigk inubrodton, 13 Arithmetic tnakrochtons,- Mogae! Mrenonie, Joureme a Decresenk Ree Add AD Lulihrach ace e ae a NUL divide Div Baa th Appe fubihrack fk benes CUBS Negohoe (3 conpl—t) NeW 24 Logi ceh ond Poik erenipulstion Inttechant:. Pesieel ond Pei mmunipatetion Inthuctans: (eae Minewonle | Alem aso Clean. CLR tok Cy rere ed cor CompleuhCtsy — tonte, AND ANO a i a me Disdde intrruph DL Exclusion OR KOR ede infers! Chess comny CLRe ©aDabauls ipulotion: oO Zonyfer_and Moni pulotion:. Moth Compuber inabructions Con be clowidied iobe thre cobegowi chic | \4 Dotn Hronden intbru Hom an Dolan menipaleHon insbry chions 33 Program contol insbruchion Dom br IntkrucHons Coe trestfa. ) dole ; Yo. i ob Hitkook chongigf the biny ingprenetion a . 3 ao foal Dor meni fon ieukrudtons ate Hote heh perdorno onHimebic Gogic od gt cperctiont. : Program Control imbrochoas i‘ provide decicion —meld eb i sed Una the pelts Helen by the pregreraiihen Se ee ee 13 Dabs ctromden intlrothions Nome Mnewonic Load Lo Shere iibve Mout ACH Erde ge ri aN aie ovt Pour poss for toy aa Debra Meat fo vies o_intheotHOnt- Dota manipulslion inakro ppowtion © 1 Dela ond Rovide H+ computehions!) copeb:)ihier oer oe the dete enenipubstion intbrodtions in aby pieel couputrane Urmelby divi into Hever boric tyra: a ®\a Avithmebic imbreothon, dn Logical ad bit meripulstion d4 Shigk inskyuchont ic ovrilhenchic operoHions 15. AxithencHic jnakrodhont “The four bow! our addikon, cubsbrachon, mullplicabion od. divisor. Mot cornpubont Provide jasrkruc om yer all qour operckors. typical Aditandic Snthrodiion i Home Maemorit Example gacrement ENC INC © Deevemene DEC pec B Add AOD Aod & Subsrok S00 sue ® adie MUL MUL & divide DIV pivs Aseeih ABDC ADOC & oH Subsbrnd-sih SURE suse B erro Ng-Hee (oe NEG NEG B Conpenet) an Logical ond ih Monipubletion dnubruchionu:- Nowe, Maworie Croup dun cur Conplenink COA Pid ND OR ok Exebuix-0@ KOR Clevo LAC See oy sete Complntt — OME CR taboo EL Dieebte ddorngh OLDETAILED 3a Shagh desbrochons Nome Macon c logest otigh sight SHR Loge) sigh hgh SAL Aritamelic thigh wight SHRA Arithroabic ctigh Wt SHEA Gaek erast ROR Rotate Lye ROL Qatake ight theoods Gv Rore Bolle Lift Hocouph 4 RoLc34 Program Control drthrecHor:- gine Maruontc, Poranth BR Jomp op Slap sue colt CALL Rebsen RET Compat (by tubsbendlan) CMP Tah (by ANDing) Te Labprootin, aM ot Rubin :. SP CG sp-| Decremerk oteth Petar MEsP] <— Pe Pork Grabenk 5] PE onto Hastack PC ettedte addre Treafer Contvel fore fubrouhtang Po — esr] Dop stack ond trite bo Pe. cp es PH dactinenk shock, Pinter. Program dotnet + Pro gran inkssusph eyfeut to the drnifen 9 Prearan control prom a Currant romnicg Progra fo ool Center Rrra ore sulk 9 on ethunall or inknnel guested wequuh. the tolledton qe Btehas bik wadiHoos Inte c Pu it Comebmes Colled % program Cebu word or Pow.da Sgt gnatru chon: - Nome Logtel espRirh Loglesl £41 4h Legh Arithenche. stigh Bist Arithenebic shift Led Rofete right Rolete Lift Robb righh-Hrrough, Pinay Rotahe. Legh Hirou ph Prinsta Mnemonic SHR SHU SARA SHLA RoR Rov Rore RoLeD Type, falenupte 1- 14 Exkernsl dnbapls 2a Johrnl fohwurphe 3x Sojheone Sanupts Exkernel Gobrnupl Come trom Ye- o/p devices ,grom a Henigy denice, Gren a Cireatt menitorty the power tape, or from ony oft. ehhernel four. inl Sobor fabermuple onite dorm Mp2 or ewrorneous we a on iathdion or dete Snterna) i Fensaaple ant clic abled trapt. Exonples WJ inknuple Ceusred by internel error condiHons ene wegithh over low, attempt he divide by toro, on tnvlid operstion code, ste Courter ad Probechix Niolebion. RTC (Reduced trubrvehon ceb Compuks) and CTAC (compler trutredie teh conpubs) 3 1 REC (Reduced truroction sebtomputer)': Rise ie a micreproteney ordibedure wih admph collechen sd hight curhomized s-9) inabrochon, Ye te but by ninindce thimbrodtion exeahton Hme by OPH UZ a or Andhige tHe numbur 0), Prabruchion’ dh meant each inthrochin gy clu reyire oul one dock gyle ond each pyle conteins three Rares + dtebeh dewde , exert. ®fears hen Dots Rose ewebbeehwre . 2a TLE Cemplor dutwetinn Ech Compl )'= Cree decboped by inkl hts Lerge collection 6) complen inthro choos thet Tory ‘ Proro Lingle $e vey Comphers antes in the cuter Oy Logperfe {SP carck stohet a doy Hee to exeesbe the inubruchons. So, CrLe epproauet wedutly he nembee ny inukrecto on cack Program and ignortay the monk en op fer inthrochon ade Hera) ay ae | Control uaikk _____| Hie Rroprey ee Control wait Moja Meusry| Cree Avdihectve| Diyore Bhs Rose ond CLEC ag Pree Crse \a iF tnghetizu on Sedhoors be oplinige TM ly themphuizes the harder bo Wrschten, coke optindze the icubrochion Sef. ga thite herd waived onikay Rroprmemty 2+ Micropregranmdas onth in CEC inter RILC proteder. Pro cerior, 3a thetyuive mubhile regishr teh bo chore 34 Ih vepuiva ahryle wegistrteh fo tH inthrechions. Phere Hy inthruchion, a 5)ys RISC Ker move tromiitors on memory bya CLEC Kat brewtithore Fo thet Couple reytthod jncbaw dhyont. 5s ae Hee) REC te vena 54 TL exeuHen Hea ry cic ts loyow Gs ih ho dined forme frubruchion 6a {RK Verteble gormeb frabry chien Fs ik user Load andsToRE Heh oot qa thucer Lond od £TORE jnsbrochion independent jobhrcHant in The Tn the memory Feo mewory intencth mepiche fe regis Rrogronde Qa lreyres jnhnackon. Epanple. ARM, PA- Rete, Pour Avchitedtne — Pxontled) CELE t- VAX, Mokevela 68003. Alpha, AVR, ARE and th SPARE yates /360 AMD ond the intel #8 CFU, Plyonts Charigicehion:- io Sings Frubroution Shrecen, Single dake Srrem= (sxe) Jr Singte deurrodion Lhreat , mutthiple dole Shrean (s3M0) ay Mudhiphe trubrection thru, Hope dete Shree ( MELD) , i ipte dota threnes (NTMD) - yy Mabie trikrochion Breage / Maa ie eos ( d) Gwbrachion Lhrean14 STSD (Sige 4rubrodion Siogle Defa threm) 1. Hinge jntrodtoos. Only one instrochen ghrean icbelep achd ov execukd by CPU duving onchouk qycle. Bighe data chrom! Only one dela shrean iz uted o4 Inpab dharigt one chock oyele Conk | Peo cereiey Ont cheer di SIMD (sig Latervction Mubhiple Dete crest) +. y EMD fy the isa mubhiproumer methine , Copabte Qenecahyy the tows Inthredion on ob ths cPvs bub operotice on tha different dake threnm- Dota 0 Shree | eae Mey Contre! c Ua recs P ee L fem]. oct fm No Te? J Anberconnedtag Newer. l $a MED (mathple drubrodion single Date Mhrean')=: A MLSD Compulig 6a reteroe mulliprouter methine copebl q encurbiy dks pment intbreckony en Proven dened bub alll 9 thes eporatig on He tem data cel, aes as Procemor Pe 0 Date ser - tell ae | N-) @)Cc DETAILED La Mimd (mubliple frubrodion tulip De) ts 4 amp Spjthes 14% eeubhiprotedter tracking Tobit Copobl erecabte mhiple initredtons over eudtple dole. Stetoms Lor Protenicp clnrert bet aLepotete inibroction shremt ad. dete remy De! emit, BB