Unit-3_ - ? Basic Computer O, Organization and Design atnebruclion code-+ An a code AD a, gn bids Shah dnsdruct Lhe compuck on to peedeun a specific cperabion, POperatin code the g eration wde ofan snabuchin js gape Lp tal lad sah pcr 8 il, tobe al shifd and complorrent, The number of beds required fr operation code ef an wncbruchien depends Is on Me hab number of operations ayatlable a the computer. Con Instruction: Ramat: . St imples wag do o @& compile. 15d save single. processor ster call mecamalade ard an msducion formed well duo Soars, p —> The fret pot He cifies tho. operation. t be. foes, feos 9 The second pant che wd © st fe fy cont he a fee eth ot 45 4 0 tele [Aa] deere Ths: uchion formal) Inshuchons 15 ° fy. Shee foype Orpaniacin, rm 7 Insteuchon ep foal % divided WY, foo parks (bits db11 asa and 1 cocle). The wh al sof 6 oe L whl sl aaron sn cal called Bini yen: ill ae ol Techy te of ache a epee ahTnsdruction Ahad comes mn theduchin formal +8 of three. Apes a A Memeapy Re ofrence anstruchion tr} Rash Refence. snsbuckion tp I/O “‘Refrence dnshruction wl pealy ES Ee ee Prego Spe eft. in in 1 mem or ay device .Thedruction codes a a anslltins ave ty fll gee A ° wil & Tn ymmediabe ae Ha fers pot of ansbucbere formal { ay Gs apererd ) Apecrhes Ue operation. te he performed, PA Deck addvessing > ; EE ool alc C O-11 bils represent aes 12-14 bids represent di hast 15% hyp a pees Bs lds ne 45D Tidhel he ti re mode #0 Dire asym rode | az NM - A ae ie seund, “ed of an anskuchn dee epetng ae | 22fo [Aan 48> 457 Operand Tid ate he wile nk GS a > for Instance. the tnedruchon a RO OOH. RO, when converted, to ynadhine dan oreal adUres6 o. phe RO. The ‘nshctin’ des © dO wa wnMp Indied Address, 34)0 [As9 [300 —>When the sagem pat ob an mefruclion “0 code. speci the acldiess of aw : we word. a which dhe addvegg 500 ot He ste De tnstreiebiin 3 have “Jndiveck address , > 4350 => For iu Arcfruche ig OOH, comvented to machine [aipiage 5 ae fal ovation LE ee Ok RO, ‘Ss lec 44 rea Used 0 mee. TF can be 4 5; m RO. a fig. Dndiveck addvessng. @. Baste Compuden. R ofers and Mem i- THe: hel of Reagtsles for Baste Computers _ Reatalen Nowe Regisler Suma | Bebe | Puncdlon | Dake, Regis: cd | DR 16 Holdg nom eran | Address Resistor AR, 10. Holds address for revaay Accumuladn? AC 16 Processor reptster Trshuction res ole IR 16 Holds insdouctlon code, Rrgrare PC 10. Hols address of snstrucklen, aie Wa TR, 16 Holds tenap ovary clade. Tapu reyjsten | TPR & Holds trput chavacter. Oubpub master | ourk 3 |Pelds oulpul character@Inshrucion format of haste compulors y e hagic computer hos Lhree. -medrubon wade whe, a Fach tnetuctin code format tog trbal of 16-biks. fe P Memny Refer nshucbns ADD, AnD, LDA ) STA) BUN, BSA, TSZ an Wiemapy g 3 (OPerde. = o000~110) 6 15 44 A 1h Register—Refrence meduchions CLA, CLE,CMA, CME, CIR, ENC, SPA, SNA; S2A,52E ieherrefrence mnstructens . (0p-wde = 111, T=0) 45 12.41 9 ws Lnpub— Oubout madrucbong Ie,0U% SKI; SkO, TON TOF are input-olbpu HLT are Ans. mn. (op-code= 124, Ta1) / 15 49 12 oO @ Tnghruchin Sef Complefeness: (VE) 4A emul shold shave a sel, of dnstruchins <0 Shed user ccut consthuch machine programs Ae emule a funchton Phad: 28 known bo be compactble.. thie sel: are Sal to be cermplete f Be mpl dah nauchags numberof unstruchions m each of the fl ei o> Artthrectic Logie and ahift maluching-» gorgesArtthnackte__1 Addition. ADD ~ LeSubbeactin > AD25¢MA INC \2Diteion > Shifling +6 ‘Usfacton Patil > ‘hattg + addition lope» AND+CMA > NAND Saft > CIRGCIL lap For moving anfaxmadion £5 and fam emery and cP rgisdos, > LOA, STA. o> «Per Branching & Seating vanlous conlilnay . =B0N, s Reon, S2E | , A. Input and => INP, ca Yen den @ bor oe abet are forcommusleaton. wilh 2 ees 3 and are 28 ell He d A brublecherl erdwoare. completly 7 [he ee lp ‘hoa eight registos, 4 wera antl and a 7 hn efficient wo fer transfering -infarmation ma 48 mony eptoh, do use a mee bus. Repud Common bug bys feu: mani reistes and a Memory arb onnechddo a, ba, > ‘sfey even qed memoy to be, * ee “he il for ay vie alg $2,StardS0 cae vregicter avr we epiit. OUTR has 8-bils ad Tes eile hs hose ck ‘coy IWR and OUTR ane crtven by & ths On enah ete eo co) yd el syshen wie7 Chiat o> | r > fd ES te ene mpulle; LD (load), IVR (noerent) od CER Celean) Tae repishes TR and OUTR and have an . >The rleuli.ts bransfied. do AC ard end-cang 18 Ararsfoved de flip-flop R. : Clock spy 51 | Bus Memory} uni: oo 4096-1 4 | LD INR clr PC ena lo ive clk ae Fy fF] Meck ALU 46-bit, common, a i fig. Basic ten replelens anneckd to 2 common beg.eC Uni er!, Cone? Une Micropreranrnel Corll, Uni Hoadsored Cowbel, Unit > Conbrot- t ic 48 demplemontel 7 Condct opie ts senplenerdel means of ‘aleropropramn(sofboate), urs shares Cr-Firs Tew show 2 Ch wy the ‘fost ardex ensive , ~> Modification sfloge 18 eagy > Modifcabn of dag ts difheult, ome popes 9 Used tn anicrmambollers, “Perdue Gale Oils, Bian mele PIED clock alo al OR Beplain (Tied Som of lsc cept g ie Eels ) Instruction register (ZR) [Ss] we [1-0 Other pubs | Decade | 54524 eeLitBxplanchon: ~| peptide read fom meme ts placed, m the — Th conbel unt IR 40 divided Inle three parks: T-bid as address | * a i 19-14 a8 opede avd, biks O11 a8 steamed an bie 19-14 ded with a 3x8 de inh oills(aybiaplale Con eet ge > as of the snetructioe 2 dransferral doa Slp-flop L. > O40 l z Ina ; ee “me bo the contrat segie gees (orcomt national — We 4-bid 2 counter. a " sipwle covbindld conded beige Sm Clear and Chk pins. 7 —> The cdput of the sequence counter. 0) -tcapplied Fo 4xab . clecorclor pshich constsbs bebe 16-bikk (0-15) denoded as Te Ao Tis whith or also applied 4o.the combirahinal conde > R85 on this, architechwe. we get some. oulpul threvel contol i @ Inshuchm Cycle: , wae : | | "> Trak + cyde 28 basrall with te execution. | GP the. Inshuclion, oe ane al m He rrenesy und of i | the. Compule. conefshs sepvence of dedrucliog, 1 ty baste i Computer each msfruchion ave congicds of, tho. febbcig phases, | Rach ae susluckion frome anemeny, j > Dede Lhe ansdruchlon Md Read te effective adcbas fom mongy Yt He. mobuctioy as an nalrect address. r 7 ecude He Hon, OB xz Shep tb skp + will be exeatled forall tnstucting : tn program, A (46, w) the conbrol goes back to sfep 140 felchdeeodo > adh leh Tafel ley ede ee comdtnueg untel a HALT tasdruetion 43 encountere PFedch fderle>the velcro pperactians for felch and decode phases a Ba : wae Th nord f fran coc) ansea des 43 trans; iy Adebess Rae ® Ti Rem pan, Perens YAK sie Th he cake of mem pein by the adebeas 1S: 2. a aE ee ER ot ® 11 Dy 50115 Dy Decode TR(42-14), AR The msduuclion adda the covdentof Sri ? word spectfied by the edfedne address do the value of AC The Sum 43° transfered ante AC and the. cubput: Cary Cout 7 Aram sfoued to the E(exdenled accumulate) flip-flop. DiTe! DRE—MLARI Dr! ACHACHDR5 FC) SCO, PA LDAs Load, SACs hig 4 ache hind speed byte ef adhe totes Me money . Dat! DR<-MEARY DyTst AC4-DRy SCHO, > STA:Store ACs thes, maduuction eden the cnfent f AC strcbo Ae. memogy word specified by the effoclne address, Paths MRT AG SCO. Y> BUN: Branch, uncon ditionally» rhys amstruction transfers athe program ote msErucbion opectticd. by the effecde address Blea ie doen i smnsiruglion Ff Sequence and the Progra branches he Jumps) Ty! PC<-AR) SCD iae VAS Branch and Save Rebun Addie (8A) > This ansdeuction 28 useful for branching soa portion. of the Program called a subwidtie oy preedure, When exerted, Hos BSA mstuckion stores the addsese eb avathble a PC amds momony decation Spectfied. by effective addess, DeTy M LARl -<—pe *) PC<-AR+1, Det PCAAR SCO. Vis Trerermend and, Sly af Zen (TSz) > This, Instruction ¢cremenls the word. specified by effedive. a » Wd rf the gnerement value 44 qual t00; "PC % amcremented, by 1, DeTyt DRAM LAR DB IR ORL , PETAMTART DR 5 Hf (oR=0) then (PLPC), SC+0, @ Tnput— Oribout of Base, ub: vn n ~ ‘Sental lonmunttely Compud Stans Seiad iar Sr Recetver_ —> Serial communieation => Ruallel communicado path, Inprd-Oubpul contouna Trpub Proeees > Traleelly POT 18 clealed dy Oubhen. the make parallel m, AC and Poo te. Shed ordrally. The Oulout proces > The oil fe rita ee ok uder check beds af té isl s mn a8. foncfoned wall OUTR and Plxd 7 cleared a —> The oufput device acepts the coded anformation prints the tnfermncetion and sels P0404. @ Dut —Oulput Tnsdructions:— : Input and, wt Insfruckiong are needed for + transfering anformadion bo and AC register, for Chk the Has bits Sk econ sndeduh foals . The conbot functions and. ‘nln -opeverting for the, smp-outuct msdiuctions ae Iieled bela: AC(07#) For this we rave. ovie Llp-flp Re thes flip-flp R well clecide. whether ah tvdomupt or 4 28 normal execubion, of owr. program. If R value te set do O then ats our narmal execution cyde, m which we vill do felching and. clecoclin of mstru chong d executing gnafructions, Rut clurmg fetch abel decode, fie. crenuln ely then, fotlooly emdilde Oceuns ‘ a Pf TENds set fo4 “thon we. check acre Py Parte 4 dren srderupt 1 pecuned we head set flop , buf pon #0 We goto PEO, rf RAO #8 1 then mrbenupl ocaned we weed ty sob tip Flop R fot. 7 Otherwise ab fa normal execublon : Now) FR value. 19 gel tod thon the mlonupt +8 occured, Now mn this cose we store veh. addrers an the Location O (ied ocation) te, rebun ad drees rn Always rn, PC 1°50 seb 18 Stored] Som £C to mameny location pores by zero. Afr that we. gunp branth bo dp Hon 1. Pally we. det TEN to 0 andR tO. [eden =© Regist Aron the § cle: nk The conclthion for -setd Hp-fy Rel can be expressed Wii the folloctng replete. hans aborted, e i BT (ZEN) (PQr-+660):R<-4 : | (i Teal 5 Tnlorup) = The synbol+ behoeen Fetand FEO gn the cont functors as @ hogte OR, operation, This operation ‘ eee | ana tity stonals TT). Yhe felch and decode. phas : of He bbl a cle med be modified id replace Toa Taste with RG RE IRI. Therefore th S 5 To . ae aa rarer he ete cy | RT! ARKO, TRE-PC of RT: MIART ATR, CO | RT! PCPC+1 TENA0, R40, SC*-0- egDuoing the frrsd tina srgnal Ry AR cleared fo 0.and the corlech of PC 4g. travis fered tp empar reptsto( 78) . aren the ie feed sega RT the "howl addres a she, $8 Mn and PC 5 cllred a m™ menoy location of Rat O, > Ve third sig signal Rhy noements PC to4, cleans TEN, @Neseriphion and, flow chork for Baste Computers 4 uthe eagy 2 we bnav Howcharg ube thad, i "pd alvea, diseusel oral soni wate if cle, thal we dave donoled! by D an this page a, Ve. Description wsdl he ebiong flochort. Plascknd ‘foo age We utd drais e9t@ Hal we oreded above 3 aoags" regfote, Kansfey, StalemedsThis fs a ‘ough wor for bellor and sha: under stasnding for he = draw flac chank “fst Bagte campuler. the Acluab flowchart and sorption AL ag follows 1— Blow chavitt o (rmoy-vefierme) (andieid)=1 AN, 20 (atrect) DLIT DIT ARC MLAR) Nothing robe “ore ‘oO dns udons BS por as ial an tag te? R fle Dop wo a Hep 3 also pitialh 7200. de r dep nu. decide, wheel i Se adios! FTG R=O, thon af well be anshruchinitycle haf ReLyaPCP tets Addyeas of next instruction 7 este ge shor 8 YT Se I xashuction gudle-> Ad Btma R 2 $0 ae ae aM ‘sete ne estrone the address of nox hock 120 2 snefuchon cycle 2% de heidi ‘addons son. fe on acinar oe AL time RT, the meday ots feb om memo rey Bess gk ley and Sheed 77 aun dn 4% Th program courber by ae. ahs RT AT a tig ou. Hi po of vee cure > Fon 12.614 | bids of TR ret for decoding wil dale place and on rea ing Di toD, Inds well be a Oba bie of of 18 vgn len ep ted AAR, “of and asth bel of TR veal 96 cpt I. — After dletoding no we anc fo check, D, bet. If D; bed q vee “0 Yn clin ae, bl ian. 434 Phen “eh 43 efther or 280 Don He 48 memory —Crefrence msfu yf @If #4 #8 veagshy or To mstruchon then we. check E bits tion aod dag a ptt ae =0, 948 reptcter refrence inshat m7) sai ce al fr Madi ® uf a4 rma -refence sacn (16 20) then we fillno ten parts ol} vr direct a In Boe & oe Is Q then “ae " oes sent foal te Th, effecttine address +4 es Shore om AR Be ble ena wf rho “osha get erecubed af Hime Ty ih tt Tit go then dy of adtrang si "mena refonce eal gf hehe en ait only > Pally” the exec aga gos iat Lith s ce countes_ Thlow, dle + Tulomupt ueles Rr, RG) RT, ane_di eee we on ie 28 shock, cca dal isa) basi