JSS2 Sec Edu Notes

WEEK 2
COMMON CRIMES
Crime occurs when a person disobeys the law and it can attract
punishment. A person who has violated a law is said to have committed
a crime.
Crimes can be committed against persons or property.
Categories of Crime
1. Property Crime: it is committed when someone damages, destroys or
steal someone else property.
2. Violent Crime: it occurs when someone attempt to harm or even
conspire to harm someone else through acts like; rape, robbery, murder
etc.
3. Omission: this can also be a crime. If a person witnesses a crime and
fails to report, such person could be charged with a crime for failing to
act.
Some Common Crimes

1. Assault: this is the act of using physical attack (violence) to bring
harm to a person.
2. Arson: this is when a person intentionally burns a building or other
property for criminal or malicious reasons.
3. Bribery: this is offering, giving, receiving or soliciting of any item of
value or money to influence the actions of a person to alter his or her
behaviour.
COMMON CRIMES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
1. Murder: This is the crime of intentionally killing a person.
2. Kidnapping: This is the act of abducting someone and holding
them captive.
3. Human trafficking: This is the act or practice of illegally
transporting people from one country or area to another, typically
for the purpose of forced labour or sexual exploitation.
4. Rape: This is an act of forcing someone to have sex when they are
unwilling, using violence or threatening behaviour.
5. Theft: This is the act of stealing another person’s property, it has to
do with taking another person’s property without his or her
permission.
CAUSES OF CRIMES IN OUR SOCIETY
1. Poverty
2. Peer pressure
3. Drugs
4. Politics
5. Religion
6. Family condition
7. The society
8. Unfair judicial system
9. Deprivation.
10. lack of contentment
PUNISHMENT FOR COMMON CRIMES
The punishment comes in different forms depending on the gravity of
the offense.
i. Life imprisonment
WEEK 3
DIFFERENT WAYS OF OBSERVING CRIMES

1. Visiting the crime scene. A visit to the place where the crime is
committed will give clues or details of what took place.
2. Record or take pictures of/at the scene: this could be done with
cellular phone or camera.
3. Record all your observation: either in writing or through audio-visual
mechanism.
4. Surveillance: modern gadgets such as Close Circuit Television
(CCTV) fixed to a place, records criminal activities as they take place.
5. Intelligent Gathering: some security agents are specifically trained to
gather information about criminals and their activities.
6. Eaves-dropping: a person may secretly listen to crime suspect ad
report to the law enforcement agency. Eaves-dropping can be done
through telephones or email of the criminal suspect.
WEEK 4
SKILLS NEEDED IN CRIME OBSERVATION
1. Understanding of crime: a person must understand what constitutes a
crime in the society he/she lives in.
2. Vigilance: a person must be sensitive to his/her environment in order
to observe strange movement of strange person(s) at strange hours.
3. Calmness: this is important while observing a criminal suspect so as
not to endanger one’s life,
4. Recall: ability to recall what you have observed and to state them for
further action by security agents.
5. Recording: recording events at the scene of the crime with your
mobile phone or writing it down and being sensitive to those who are
around.
Importance of Observing Crime

1. The law enforcement agents cannot adequately cover every
community at the same time.
2. Criminals live among the people.
3. Good observance of crime safeguards lives and properties.
4. Observing and reporting crime suspects to security agents is one of
the obligations of good citizens.
WEEK 5
PREVENTION OF COMMON CRIMES IN SCHOOLS
This involves the various skills and strategies that students need to
possess in order to prevent crimes and violence in the school and their
environment.
1. Positive Peer Pressure: a student can discourage his/her peers from
committing crimes and also counsel those already involved to stop the
act.
2. Advocate: students can impact positively on his family and
community through the knowledge and skill acquired from security
education.
3. Crime fighting: a student may volunteer to fight crime in school or in
the community by reporting crime suspect to appropriate authority in the
school.
4. Participation: he/she can get involved in communal effort to prevent
or detect crime in the community.
5. Role model: a student who obeys rules and regulations of the school is
the one who others ca emulates.
WEEK 6
REPORTING COMMON CRIMES
Reporting common crime is the process of notifying appropriate
authorities of illegal activities in one’s surrounding through a written,
video or audio-visual account. For security of lives and properties to be
enhances, individuals and groups should be vigilant and report suspects
and criminal activities to the law enforcement agencies.
Types of cases
1. Civil case: this is a case in which an offender is made to restore what
he illegally possessed and/or pay a fine. It is the case between
individuals, group or organizations. Examples of such cases are
inheritance of property, divorce, chieftaincy dispute etc.
2. Criminal cases: these are cases against the state or humanity. It
carries a harder penalty than civil cases which may include
imprisonment or death sentence. Examples; armed robbery, murder,
arson, rape, slavery etc.
Procedures for a criminal case
1. The victim or witness must report to the police
2. The police investigate the crime and report to public prosecutors.
3. If the case is genuine, the public prosecutor takes the case to the court.
4. The judge administers justice by convicting or discharging the crime
suspect.
5. A crime suspect convicted of a crime can appeal against the judgment

to the supreme court.
6. A person convicted of a crime is punished according to the law
WEEK 8
GOVERNMENT AGENTS THAT CRIME COULD BE REPORTED TO
1. The Nigerian Police Force (NPF)
2. The Nigerian Security and Civil Defense corps (NSCDC)
3. The Nigerian Armed Forces (NAF). The military consist of the Army
(Soldiers), the Air Force, the Navy.
4. The State Security Service (SSS) also known as Department of State
Service (DSS)
5. Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC)
6. Independent corrupt Practices and other Related Offences
Commission (ICPC)
7. Nigeria Custom Service
8. The Immigration Service
9. Nigeria Drug Law and Enforcement Agency (NDLEA)
WEEK 9
HANDLING OF INFORMATION ON COMMON CRIME

People can report crimes without endangering their lives through the
following ways;
1. Be quiet, do not discuss a crime suspect or criminal activities with
just anybody.
2. Do not be agitated, stay calm
3. Report to the appropriate security agents
4. Always hide your identity
5. Make accurate account of the crime through a written, visual or
audio-visual mechanism
6. Make concrete record of the observed crime
7. Do not use a mobile phone at the scene of the crime so you are not
exposed to danger.
8. Stay safe, watch from a distance and record the crime.
9. Be very sensitive to the people around you.
WEEK 10
IMPORTANCE OF REPORTING CRIME
1. Reporting crimes to law enforcement agencies enable them to arrest
crime suspects
2. It allows the court to punish the suspect if found guilty of the
offence.
3. It reduces the rate of Crimes in the society t5hereby securing lives
and properties.
4. It enables security agencies to keep record of crime in the society.
5. Reporting crime suspects is one of the obligations of a good citizen

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WEEK 2

Some Common Crimes

DIFFERENT WAYS OF OBSERVING CRIMES

Importance of Observing Crime

5. A crime suspect convicted of a crime can appeal against the judgment

HANDLING OF INFORMATION ON COMMON CRIME

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