AP Chemistry Prep UNIT 9 QUESTIONS Multiple-Choice Questions Use the following information to answer questions 1-5. Reaction I: NJH(D + H,(g) > 2 NH) Reaction 2: N,H\(0 + CH,O() — CH,O(8) + Nia) +3 Ha) Reaction 3; N,() +3 H,(g) > 2 NH) Reaction 4; CH,O(0) + CH,O(@) + H,(«) BREE 1. Whats the enthalpy change for reaction 1? (A) -148 Kino, @) ~S6ki/nol,. (©) -18ki/mol (©) +148kimel, 2. If reaction 2 were repeated at a higher temperature, how would the reaction’s value for AG be affected?” (A) Ie would become more negative because entropy isa drivin force behind this reaction. (B) It would become more positive because the reactant molecules would collide more often, (©) It would become more negative because the gases willbe ata higher pressure. (D) Ie will stay the same; temperature does not affect the value for AG. 3. Under what conditions would reaction 3 be thermodynamically favored? (A) tis always favored (B) Itisnever favored, (©) Itis only favored at low temperatures. (D) tis only favored at high temperatures. 4. If 64 g of CH,O were to decompose via reaction 4, approximately how much energy would be released or absorbed? (A) 651 of energy will be absorbed. (B) 651 of energy will be released. (©) 1301 of energy will be absorbed. (D) 1301 of energy will be released. 5. A 2.0L flask holds 0.40 g of helium gas. Ifthe helium is evacuated into a larger container while the ‘temperature is held constant, what will the effect on the entropy of the helium be? (A) Ie will remain constant because the number of helium molecules does not change. (B) Ie will decrease because the gas will be more ordered in the larger flask. (C) Iwill decrease because the molecules will collide with the sides of the larger flask less often than they did inthe smaller flask. (D) Ie will increase because the gas molecules will be more dispersed in te larger flask. 304 | For more free content, visit Princetonfeview.com2Al(s) +3 CL(g) > 2AICL() ‘The reaction above is not thermodynamically favored under standard conditions, but it becomes thermodynamically favored as the temperature decreases toward absolute zero. Which of the following is tue at standard conditions? (A) AS and AH are both negative, (B) AS and AH are both positive. (©) ASis negative, and AH is positive, (D) ASis positive, and AM is negative SF(¢)+H,0() > S09) +4HF(@) AH =-828k3imol Which of the following statements accurately describes the above reaction? (A) The entropy of the reactants exceeds that ofthe products. (B)_H,0() will always be the limiting reagent. (C). This reaction is never thermodynamically favored. (D) The temperature of the surroundings will increase as this reaction progresses. . HL) 4 H,06) Which of the following is true for this process at STP? (A) The value for AS is positive. (B) The value for AGis ze. (C) The value for Af is positive. (D) The reaction is favored. In which ofthe following reactions is entropy increasing? (A) 2804g)+ 0.9) 4280/8) (B) COG) +H,0(@) > Hg) + COs) (©) HY) + Clg) > 2HCKe) (D) 2NO{g) > 2 NOW) + O48) ‘The reaction shown in the diagram below is accompanied by a large increase in temperature. If all ‘molecules shown are in their gaseous state, which statement accurately describes the reaction? N NN Re wl athe noe a HH iy OK HOH HO) HOH) SH ae 4 hk "a tf _ hi (A) Itis an exothermic reaction in which entropy increases, (B) Itisan exothermic reaction in which entropy decreases. (©) It isan endothermic reaction in which entropy increases. (D) It isan endothermic reaction in which entropy decreases. AP Chemistry Prep V. Unit 9: Applications of Thermodynamics | 308AP Chemistry Prop In which ofthe following circumstances isthe value for K,, always greater than 1? an as. [A)__[Positive [Positive (B) [Positive | Negative (C) [Negative [Negative (D) [Negative [Positive ‘Which expression below should be used to calculate the mass of copper that can be plated out of a 1.0 M Cu(NO)), solution using a current of 0.75 A for 5.0 minutes? (ay S:0N60N0.75)63.55) (86,500)(2) (5.0)(60)63.55)2) (0.75}(96.500) (5.0(60)(96.500K0.75) (355)2) (5.060)(96 5006355) (0.75)2) co) © o ‘What is the general relationship between temperature and entropy for diatomic gases? (A) They are completely independent of each other; temperature has no effect on entropy. (B) There isa direct relationship, because at higher temperatures there is an increase in energy dispersal (C) There isan inverse relationship, because at higher temperatures substances are more likely to be ina gaseous state, (D) It depends on the specific gas and the strength of the intermolecular forces between individual molecules. {A strip of metal X is placed into solution containing Y" ions and no reaction occurs. When metal X is placed in a separate solution containing Zions, metal Z starts to form on the trp. Which of the following choices organizes the reduction potentials for these cations from greatest to least? (A) XY >Z B) Y>Z"> x" (©) 23x >¥™ (D) Y8>Xe> 7 306 | For more ree content, vst PrincatonReview.comAP Chemistry Prep Use the following information to answer questions 15-17. Battery @ cu Ht Pennies are made primarily of zine, which is coated with a thin layer of copper through electroplating, using a setup lke the one above. The solution in the beaker is a strong acid (which produces H’ ions), and the cell is wired so thatthe copper electrode is the anode and the zinc penny is the cathode, Use the following reduction potentials to answer questions 15-17, Hal Reaction Standard Reduction Potential G42 Cul) +034 V 2W+2e 9 H®) 0007) Nie 26S Nig) =025V Zn +26 Zn) =076V 15. When the cell is connected, which ofthe following reactions takes place atthe anode? (A) G+ 2¢ + Cus) B) Cus) 9Cur+20 © 242 +H) O) H@) 32H He 16. What isthe required voltage to make this cell function? (a) 034V (B) 042V (©) 076V (D) 1L10v 17. If, instead of copper, a nickel bar were to be used, could nickel be plated onto the zine penny effectively? Why or why not? (A)_ Yes, the SRP of Nii greater than that of Zn, which is all that is required for Ni* to be reduced atthe cathode. (B)_ Yes, Ni*is able to take electrons from the H* ions in solution, allowing it to be reduced, (C)_ No, the SRP of N?* is lower than that of H’ ions, which means the only product being produced at the cathode would be hydrogen gas. (D) No, the SRP of Ni*is negative, meaning it cannot be reduced in an electrolytic cell \. Units: Applications of Thermodynamics | 307AP Chemistry Prep 18, 19. a Use the following information to answer questions 18-22. ‘Two half-cells are set up as follows: Half-Cell A: Strip of Cu(s) in CuNO (aq) Half-Cell B: Strip of Zn(s) in Zn(NO, (ag) ‘When the cells are connected according to the diagram below, the following reaction occurs: iat cate hee deter lenimenonty Nae Ar 1b can, ? ZNO 2.Cu"(ag) + Za(s) > 2.Cu(s) +Z5%(ag) Ba+128v Correctly identify the anode and cathode in this reaction as well as where oxidation and reduction are taking place (A) Curis the anode where oxidation occurs, and Zn is the cathode where reduction occurs. (B) Cais the anode where reduction occurs, and Zn is the cathode where oxidation occurs. (C)Znis the anosle where oxidation occurs, and Cu is the eathode where reduction occurs (D) Znis the anode where reduction occurs, and Cu is the eathode where oxidation occurs How many moles of electrons must be transferred to create 127 g of copper? (A) I mote of electrons (B) 2 moles of electrons (©) 3 moles of electrons (D) 4 motes of electrons Ifthe Cu’ + € — Cu(s) half-reaction has a standard reduction potential of +0.52 V, what is the standard reduction potential for the Zn®* + 2 €” > Za(s) half-reaction?” (a) +076V ®) -076V (© +024V ©) -024v [As the reaction progresses, what will happen to the overall voltage of the cell? (A) twill increase as (Zn"] increases. (B)_Iewill increase as (Cu*] increases. (C)_Iewill decrease as [Zn] increases. (D) The voltage will remain constant. ‘What will happen in the salt bridge as the reaction progresses? (A) The Nat ions will flow to the Cw/Cu"half-cel, (B) The Br ions will low to the CwCu*half-cel (©) Electrons will ransfer from the Cu/Cu* half-ell to the Zn/Zn" half-cell (D) Electrons will ransfer from the Zn/Zn* half-ell to the Cu/Cu’ half-cell. 308 | For more free content, visit PrincetonBeview.comFree-Response Questions AP Chemistry Prep i Substance | Absolute Entropy, 8° | Molar Mass (Gimotk) (wml) CHO) 212.13 180 Oxg) 205 32 COLw) 213.6 44 HO) 9 18 Energy is released when glucose is oxidized in the following reaction, which is a metabolism, reaction that takes place inthe body. CH,.O(0) +6 Oe) > 6 COs) + 6,0 ‘The standard enthalpy change, AH®, forthe reaction is 2,801 kI/mol,, at 298 K. (a) Calculate the standard entropy change, AS°, for the oxidation of glucose. (b) Calculate the standard free energy change, AG®, forthe reaction at 298 K. (©) Using the axis below, draw an energy profile for the reaction and indicate the magnitude of| AH. Enthalpy Reaction Progress (@)__How much enthalpy is given off by the oxidation of 1,00 gram of glucose? Units: Applications of Thetmodynamics | 308AP Chemistry Prep @ © @ @ O) © @ © 0 ‘The standard free energy change, AG®, for the reaction above For the boiling of methanol, CH,OH, AH Bond _ | Average Bond Dissociation Energy (inal) cH a5, 0-0 395 7) 799 On 18 CH(s) +2.0,(@) > CO,(2) + 2H,0(8) 801 kl/mol,, at 298 K, Use the table of bond dissociation energies o find AH? for the reaction above, How many grams of methane must react with excess oxygen in order to release 1,500 kS of heat? ‘What is the value of AS® forthe reaction at 298 K? Give an explanation for the size of the entropy change found in (c) CH,OH() > CH,OH(g) 111 YimolK. 37.6 ki/mol and AS" (i) Whyis the AH value positive for this process? Gi) Why is the AS value positive for this process? ‘What isthe boiling point of methanol in degrees Celsius? How much heat is required to boil 50.0 mL of ethanol if the density of ethanol is 0.789 g/mL? ‘What will happen tothe temperature of the methanol as it boils? Explain, ‘Would methanol be soluble with water? Why or why not? ‘Would you expect the boiling point of ethanol, CH,CH,OH, to be less than, greater than, or the ‘same as methanol? Justify your answer. 310 | Formore free content, visit PrincetonFeview.comAP Chemistry Prop 4. Ammonia gas reacts with dinitrogen monoxide via the following reaction: 2 NH) +3N,0(g) > 4 Ng) +3 H,0(8) ‘The absolute entropy values for the varying substances are listed in the table below. Substance ° Timo K) NH@) 193 N,0@) 220 N@ 192 H,0@) 189) (a) Calculate the entropy value for the overall reaction, Several heats of formation are listed in the table below. Substance ar (ino), NE@) 46 N,0@ BS N@ ae (b) Calculate the enthalpy value for the overall reaction. (©) Isthis reaction thermodynamically favored at 25°C? Justify your answer. (@)_1f25.00 g of NH, reacts with 25,00 g of N,O: (i) Will energy be released or absorbed? (ii) Whatis the magnitude of the energy change? (©) On the reaction coordinates below, draw a line showing the progression of this reaction. Label both AH and E, on the graph, Enthalpy (ktimot) Reaction Progress \. Unit: Aplications of Thermodynamics | 311AP Chemistry Prop '. A student performs an experiment in which a bar of unknown metal M is placed in a solution with the formula MNO,, The meta i then hooked up to a copper bar in a solution of CuSO, as shown below. A salt bridge that contains aqueous KCI inks the cell together. M cu MNO, cus, ‘The cell potential is found to be +0.74 V. Separately, when a bar of metal M is placed in the copper sulfate solution, solid copper starts to form on the bar. When a bar of copper is placed in the MNO, solution, no visible reaction occurs. ‘The following gives some reduction potentials for copper: Half-reaction Ee Cut +26 > Cuts) 034V Cu +e 9 Cur osv. Curse > Cus) 0s2V (a) Write the net ionic equation that takes place in the Cw/M cell. (b) What is the standard reduction potential for metal M? (©) Which metal acted as the anode and which as the cathode? Justify your answer. (@)_ On the diagram of the cell indicate which way the electrons are flowing in the wire, Additionally, indicate any ionie movement occurring inthe salt bridge. (©) What would happen to the voltage ofthe reaction in the Cu/M cell if the concentration of the CuSO, increased while the concentration of the MNO, remained constant? Justify your 6. Two electrodes are inserted into a solution of nickel (I) fluoride and a current of 2.20 A is run through them. A list of standard reduction potentials is as follows: Half-reaction E 0,9 +4 Hag) +46 9 HOW), 123 Fg +26 32F ag) 287V 2H) +2¢ 9 H(@ +20H(aa) ~083 V Ni*(ag) +26 — Ni) ~025V. (a) Write the net ionic equation that takes place during this reaction. (b) Qualtaively describe what an observer would see taking place at each electrode, (©) Will the solution become acidic basic, or remain neutral as the reaction progresses? (@)_ How long would it take to create 1.2 g of Ni(s) atthe cathode? 2312 | Formor free conten, st PincetnRevien com