UNIT 3 QUESTIONS Multiple-Choice Questions 1 A sealed, rigid container contains three gases: 28.0 g of nitrogen, 40.0 g of argon, and 36.0 g of \water vapor. Ifthe total pressure exerted by the gases is 2.0 atm, what isthe partial pressure of the nitrogen? (A) 033 aim (B) 040.am © 050m () 20am 2, The wavelength range for infrared radiation is 10 m, while that of ultraviolet radiation is 10+ m. Which type of radiation has more energy, and why? (A) Ultraviolet has more energy because it has higher frequency. (B) Ultraviolet has more energy because it has @ longer wavelength, (© Infrared has more energy because it has a lower frequency. (D) Infrared has more energy because it has a shorter wavelength, Use the following information to answer questions 3-5. ‘An evacuated rigid container is filled with exactly 2.00 g of hydrogen and 10,00 g of neon. The temperature of the gases is held at 0°C and the pressure inside the container is a constant 1.0 atm, 3. Whats the mole fraction of neon in the container? (a) 017 (B) 033, © 067 (D) 083, 4. What is the volume of the container? A) 12L B) 24, © 35. D) 4881, 5. Which gas particles have a higher average velocity and why? (A) Hydrogen, because it has a lower molar mass (B) Neon, because it has a higher molar mass (©), Hydrogen, because it has a larger atomic radius (D) Neon, because it has a smaller atomic radius ‘6. A sample of liquid NH, is brought to its boiling point. Which of the following occurs during the boiling process? (A) The N-H bonds within the NH, molecules break apart (B) The overall temperature ofthe Solution rises as the NH, molecules speed up. (©) The amount of energy within the system remains constant (D) The hydrogen bonds holding separate NH, molecules together break apatt. AP Chemistry Prep \. Unit: Intermolecular Forces and Properties | 131AP Chemistry Prep 7. The following diagrams show the Lewis structures of four different molecules. Which molecule ‘would travel the farthest in a paper chromatography experiment using a polar solvent? H aH nan Ba EECLEH ves se yo rt H-C-C-C-H HH 6-G-C-H — Othe op Nema ose @ hans Bae ‘ t oe as ‘The volume ofa gas is charted over time, giving the above results. Which of the following options provides a possible explanation of what was happening to the gas during each phase of the graph’? (A) During phase I, the temperature decreased while the pressure increased. During phase TI the temperature was held constant as the pressure decreased, (B)_ During phase I, the temperature increased while the pressure was held constant. During phase I the temperature and pressure both decreased, (©) During phase I, the temperature was held constant while the pressure increased. During phase Il the temperature and pressure both decreased, (D) During phase I, the temperature and pressure both increased. During phase I, the temperature ‘was held constant while the pressure decreased. 132 | For more free content, visit PrincetonReview.comUse the following information to answer questions 9-11, 9. Which particulate drawing best represents the contents of the flask after the reaction goes to 10. Ifthe temperature rem: 280g) + Og) > 2 80/8) 4.0 mol of gaseous SO, and 6.0 mol of O, gas are allowed to react in a sealed container. completion? AP Chemistry Prep @ © QQ) @ @ w © ©.© @ 88 @%°e@ in the container be equal to? A) 61% B) 80% (©) 100% (D) 133% Under which of the following conditions would the gases in the container most deviate from ideal ‘conditions and why? (A) Low pressures, because the gas molecules would be spread far apart (B) High pressures, because the volume occupied by the molecules becomes more significant at low pressure (©) Low temperatures, because the intermolecular forces between the gas molecules would (D) High temperatures, because the gas molecules are moving too fas to interact with one another constant, what percentage of the original pressure will he final pressure o 2CO() + Og) 2 COLe) 2.0 mol of CO(g) and 2.0 mol of O, (g) are pumped into a rigid, evacuated 4.0-L container, where they react to form CO,(g), as shown above. Which ofthe following values does NOT represent a potential set of concentrations for each gas ata given point during the reaction? co 0, 60, @ 05 05 0 ®) 0 025 os (© 025 025 os @) 025 038 025 \. Unit 3: Intermolecular Forces and Properties 133AP Chemistry Prep 13. 16 A mixture of helium and neon gases has a total pressure of 1.2 atm, Ifthe mixture contains twice as many ‘moles of helium as neon, what is the partial pressure due to neon?” (A) 02am (B) 03am (© 04am (D) 08am Nitrogen gas was collected over water at 25°C. If the vapor pressure of water at 25°C is 23 mmHg, ‘and the total pressure in the container is measured at 781 mmHg, what is the partial pressure of the nitrogen gas? (A) 46 mmHg (B) 551 mmHg (© 735 mmHg (D) 758 mmHg ‘4.22.0 gram sample of an unknown gas occupies 11.2 liters at standard temperature and pressure, Which of the following could be the identity of the gas? (a) €0, (B) SO, © 0, (D) He Number of molecules velocity (m/s) ‘The diagram above shows the speed distribution of molecules in a gas held at 200 K. Which of the following representations would best represent the gas ata higher temperature? (Note: The original line is shown as a dashed line in the answer options.) w 134 | Formore tee content, visit rincetoneviewwcomAP Chemistry Prep 17. A sample of oxygen gas at 50°C is heated, reaching a final temperature of 100°C, Which statement best describes the behavior of the gas molecules? (A) Their velocity increases by a factor of two. (B) Their velocity increases by a factor of four, (C) Their kinetic energy increases by a factor of 2. (D) Their kinetic energy increases by a factor of less than 2. Use the following information to answer questions 18-20. HHH fe ia H-C—C-C-H Tt HHH Propane aan see H-c-C GOH Bene Ethanal 18, Based on the strength of the intermolecular forces in each substance, estimate from greatest to simallest the vapor pressures of each substance in liquid state atthe same temperature, (A) Propane > Ethanal > Ethene > Methanol (B) Ethene > Propane > Ethanal > Methanol (©, Ethanal > Methanol > Ethene > Propane (D) Methanol > Ethanal > Propane > Ethene 19, When in liquid state, which two substances are most likely to be miscible with water? (A) Propane and ethene (B) Methanol and propane (© Ethene and ethanal (D) Methanol and ethanal 20. Between propane and ethene, which will likely have the (A) Propane, because it has a greater molar mass (B) Propane, because it has a more polarizable electron cloud (©) Ethene, because of the double bond. (D) Ethene, because its smaller in size igher boiling point and why? \V. Unit 3: intermolecular Forces and Properties | 135AP Chemistry Prep Use the following information to answer questions 21-23. ‘The diagram below shows three identical 1.0 L containers filled with the indicated amounts of gas. ‘The stopeocks connecting the containers are originally closed and the gases are all at 25°C. Assume {deal behavior. 21, Which gas exerts the greatest pressure? (@) He (B) Ne © NO (D) All gases exert the same amount of pressure. 22. Which gas has the strongest IMFs? (A) He (B) Ne (@ NO (D) All gases have identical IMFs. 23. The stopcocks are opened. Ifthe tubing connecting the containers has negli percentage wil the pressure exerted by the neon gas decrease? (A) 25% B) 2% © 50% D) 6% Use the following information to answer questions 24-26. ‘The outermost electron of an atom has a binding energy of 2.5 eV. The atom is exposed to light of a high enough frequency to cause exactly one electron to be ejected, The ejected electron is found to have a kinetic energy of 2.0 eV. 24, How much energy did photons of the incoming light contain’? (A) 050eV B) 080eV © 45ev (D) 50eV 25. If the wavelength of the light were to be shortened, how would that affect the kinetic energy of the ejected electron? (A) A shorter wavelength would increase the kinetic energy. (B) A shorter wavelength would decrease the kinetic energy. (© A shorter wavelength would stop all electron emissions completely (D) A shorter wavelength would have no effect on the kinetic energy of the ejected electrons. 136 | Formore free content, visit PrincetonBeview.com26. If the intensity ofthe light were to be decreased (that is, i the light is made dimmer), how would that alfect the kinetic energy of the ejected electron? (A) The decreased intensity would increase the kinetic energy (B) The decreased intensity would decrease the kinetic energy. (©) The decreased intensity would stop all electron emissions completely. (D) The decreased intensity would have no effect. 27. A solution of Co ions appears red when viewed under white ight. Which of the following statements is true about the solution? (A) A spectrophotometer set to the wavelength of red light would read a high absorbance. (B) Ifthe solution i diluted, the amount of light reflected by the solution will decreas. (© Alllight with a frequency that is lower than that of red light will be absorbed by it. (D) Electronic transmissions within the solution match the wavelength of red Free-Response Questions 1. Consider the Lewis structures forthe following four molecules: reed rt neewbnentam need hada wh buyin Pop Pentane Methanol (@) _Allof the substances are liquids at room temperature. Onganize them from high o low in terms of boiling points, clearly differentiating between the intermolecular forces in each substance, (©) On the methanol diagram reproduced below, draw the locations of all partial charges. Methanol (©) n-Butylamine is found to have the lowest vapor pressure at room temperature out ofthe four liquids. Justify this observation in terms of intermolecular forces. AP Chemistry Prop Y. Unit 3: intermolecular Forces and Properties | 137AP Chemistry Prop Substance | Boiling Bond ] Bond Strength Point (°C) | Length (A) | _ (keal/mol) H, =253 075 104.2 N =196 110 2268 0. =182 121 118.9 cl, Ey 199 580) (a) Explain the differences in the properties given inthe table above for each ofthe following pairs (i) The bond strengths of N, and O, Gi) The bond lengths of H, and Cl, (ii) The boiling points of O, and (b) Use the principles of molecular bonding to explain why H, and O, are gases at room temperature, while H,0 is a liquid at room temperature. 3, A student has « mixture containing three different organic substances. The Lewis diagrams of the substances are below: / \ H n-propylamine (a) Ifthe mixture was dabbed onto chromatography paper that was then placed into a nonpolar solvent, rank the R, values for each component of the mixture from high to low after the solvent has saturated the paper. Justify your answer, (b) Irthe mixture is poured into a chromatography column and then eluted with a very polar substance, which component of the mixture would leave the column firs, and why’? (©) @ The mixture is heated until it begins to boi. Which substance would be the easiest 10 separate via distillation, and why? | Gi) After the substance begins boiling, it continues to be heated at the samme rate. Compared to the rate at which it was changing prior to boiling, will the temperature inerease faster, | slower, or at the same rate? Explain. (@) After the components ofthe mixture have been separated, they are returmed to room temperature, Of the three substances, which would have the highest vapor pressure at oom temperature? Justify your answer. (ii) Irthe substances were heated (but not boiled), explain what would heppen to their vapor pressures, 138 | Formore free conent, vit inctoneviewcon4 5 Ar Pressure (am) He 100 200° 300400 ‘Temperature (K) ‘The graph above shows the changes in pressure with changing temperature of gas samples of helium and argon confined in a closed 2-lter vessel. (a) What is the total pressure ofthe two gases in the container at a temperature of 200 K? (b) How many moles of helium are contained in the vessel? (©) How many molecules of helium are contained in the vessel? (@) Molecules of which gas will hve a greater distribution of velocities at 200 K? Justify your (©) Ifthe volume of the container were reduced 10 I liter at a constant temperature of 300 K, what ‘would be the new pressure ofthe helium gas? 2KCIO(s) +2 KCIG) + 30,8) ‘The reaction above took place, and 1.45 liters of oxygen gas were collected over water at temperature of 29°C and a pressure of 755 millimeters of mercury. The vapor pressure of water at 29°C is 30.0 millimeters of mercury. (2) What isthe partial pressure of the oxygen gas collected? (b) How many moles of oxygen gas were collected? (©) What would be the dry volume of the oxygen gas at a pressure of 760 millimeters of mercury and a temperature of 273 K? (2) What was the mass of the KCIO, consumed in the reaction? \. Equal molar quanti temperature. s of two gases, O, and H,O, are confined in a closed vessel at constant (a) Which gas, if either, has the greater partial pressure? (b) Which gas, if either, has the greater density?” (©) Which gas. if either, has the greater concentration?” (@) Which gas, if either, has the greater average kinetic energy? (©) Which gas, if ether, will show the greater deviation from ideal behavior? ‘AP Chemistry Prep \. Unit 3: Intermolecular Forces and Properties | 139‘AP Chemistry Prep 7. A student performs an experiment in which a butane lighter is held underwater directly beneath a 100-mL. graduated cylinder which has been filed with water as shown in the diagram below. graduated Sing > A lighter ‘The switch on the lighter is pressed, and butane gas is released into the graduated cylinder. The student's data table for this lab is as follows: “Mass of lighter before gas release 20.4328 “Mass of lighter after gas release 20.296 g Volume of gas collected 68.40 mL Water Temperature 19.0°C ‘Atmospheric Pressure 745 mmHg, (a) Given that the vapor pressure of water at 19.0°C is 16.5 mmHg, determi ‘the butane gas collected in atmospheres. (b) Calculate the molar mass of butane gas from the experimental data given, (©) Ifthe formula of butane is C,H,,, determine the percent error for the student’ results, (@) The Following are common potential error sources that occur during this lab. Explain whether or ‘ot each error could have been responsible for the error in the students results. (i) The lighter was not sufficiently dried before massing i after the gas was released. ii) The gas inthe lighter was not held underwater long enough to sufficiently cool it to the same temperature ofthe water and was actually ata higher temperature than the water (iii) Notall of the butane gas released was collected inthe graduated cylinder, the partial pressure of| 140 | For more free content, visit Princetonfeview.comAP Chemistry Prep ive Number of Electrons Rel Binding Energy (MJ/mol) 8, The above PES belongs to a neutral chlorine atom. (a) What wavelength of light would be required to eject a 3s electron from chlorine? (b)_ For the PES ofa chloride ion, how would the following variables compare tothe peaks on the PES above? Justify your answers. (i) Number of peaks (ii) Height of the peaks V. Unit Intermolecular Forces and Properties | 141‘AP Chemistry Prop 9. A stock solution of 0.100 M cobalt (II) chloride is used to create several solutions, indicated in the data table below: Sample Volume CoCl,(mL) | Volume H,0 (mL) 1 20.00 0 2 15.00 5.00 3 10.00 10.00 4 5.00 15,00 (a) In order to achieve the degree of accuracy shown in the table above, select which ofthe following pieces of laboratory equipment could be used when measuring out the CoC: 150-mL beaker 400-mL beaker 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask 50-mL. buret 50-mL. graduated cylinder 100-mL graduated cylinder (b) Calculate the concentration ofthe CoC, in each sample ‘The solutions are then placed in cuvettes before being inserted into a spectrophotometer calibrated to 560 nm and their values are measured, yielding the data below: ‘Sample Absorbance 1 O85 2 0.367 3 0.249 4 ‘0.131 (©) Ifgloves are not wom when handling the cuvettes, how might this afect the absorbance values, gathered” (@) Ifthe path length ofthe cuvete is 1,00 em, what isthe molar absorptivity value for CoC, at 560m? (©) On the axes below, plot a graph of absorbance vs. concentration. The y-axis sale is set, and be sure to scale the x-axis appropriately. 0.500 0.400 0300 Absorbance 0200 0.100: Concentration (M) (1) What would the absorbance values be for CoCl, Solutions atthe following concentrations? (0.067. M Gi) 0.180. 142 | For more free content, visit Pincetonfeview.com