AP CHEMISTRY Test Booklet
Periodic 2
1.
3 C2H2(g) → C6H6(g)
What is the standard enthalphy change ΔHo, for the reaction represented above?
(ΔHof of C2H2(g) is 230 kJ mol-1;
(ΔHof of C6H6(g) is 83 kJ mol-1;)
(A) -607 kJ
(B) -147 kJ
(C) -19 kJ
(D) +19 kJ
(E) +773 kJ
2. A 2 L container will hold about 4 g of which of the following gases at 0°C and 1 atm?
(A) SO2
(B) N2
(C) CO2
(D) C4H8
(E) NH3
3. A→X
The enthalpy change for the reaction represented above is ΔHT. This reaction can be broken down into a series of
steps as shown in the diagram:
A relationship that must exist among the various enthalpy changes is
(A) ΔHT – ΔH1 – ΔH2 – ΔH3 = 0
(B) ΔHT + ΔH1 + ΔH2 + ΔH3 = 0
(C) ΔH3 – (ΔH1 + ΔH2) = ΔHT
(D) ΔH2 – (ΔH3 + ΔH1) = ΔHT
(E) ΔHT + ΔH2 = ΔH1 + ΔH3
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Test Booklet
Periodic 2
4. A 100g sample of a metal was heated to 100oC and then quickly transferred to an insulated container holding 100g
of water at 22oC. The temperature of the water rose to reach a final temperature of 35oC. Which of the following
can be concluded?
The metal temperature changed more than the water temperature did; therefore the metal lost more thermal
(A)
energy than the water gained.
The metal temperature changed more than the water temperature did, but the metal lost the same amount of
(B)
thermal energy as the water gained.
The metal temperature changed more than the water temperature did; therefore the heat capacity of the metal
(C)
must be greater than the heat capacity of the water.
The final temperature is less than the average starting temperature of the metal and the water; therefore the
(D)
total energy of the metal and water decreased.
5. A flask contains 0.25 mole of SO2(g), 0.50 mole of CH4(g), and 0.50 mole of O2(g). The total pressure of the gases
in the flask is 800 mm Hg. What is the partial pressure of the SO2(g) in the flask?
(A) 800 mm Hg
(B) 600 mm Hg
(C) 250 mm Hg
(D) 200 mm Hg
(E) 160 mm Hg
6. A rigid metal tank contains oxygen gas. Which of the following applies to the gas in the tank when additional
oxygen is added at constant temperature?
(A) The volume of the gas increases.
(B) The pressure of the gas decreases.
(C) The average speed of the gas molecules remains the same.
(D) The total number of gas molecules remains the same.
(E) The average distance between the gas molecules increases.
7. A sample of an ideal gas is cooled from 50.0oC to 25.0oC in a sealed container of constant volume. Which of the
following values for the gas will decrease?
I. The average molecular mass of the gas
II. The average distance between the molecules
III. The average speed of the molecules
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and III
(E) II and III
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Test Booklet
Periodic 2
8. A sealed vessel contains 0.200 mol of oxygen gas, 0.100 mol of nitrogen gas, and 0.200 mol of argon gas. The total
pressure of the gas mixture is 5.00 atm. The partial pressure of the argon is
(A) 0.200 atm
(B) 0.500 atm
(C) 1.00 atm
(D) 2.00 atm
(E) 5.00 atm
9. According to the VSEPR model, the progressive decrease in the bond angles in the series of molecules CH4, NH3,
and H2O is best accounted for by the
(A) increasing strength of the bonds
(B) decreasing size of the central atom
(C) increasing electronegativity of the central atom
(D) increasing number of unshared pairs of electrons
(E) decreasing repulsion between hydrogen atoms
10. Which of the following best helps to account for the fact that the F- ion is smaller than the O2- ion?
(A) F- has a larger nuclear mass than O2- has.
(B) F- has a larger nuclear charge than O2- has.
(C) F- has more electrons than O2- has.
(D) F- is more electronegative than O2- is.
(E) F- is more polarizable than O2- is.
11. When the actual gas volume is greater than the volume predicted by the ideal gas law, the explanation lies in the
fact that the ideal gas law does NOT include a factor for molecular.
(A) volume
(B) mass
(C) velocity
(D) attractions
(E) shape
12. At constant temperature, the behavior of a sample of a real gas more closely approximates that of an ideal gas as its
volume is increased because the
(A) collisions with the walls of the container become less frequent
(B) average molecular speed decreases
(C) molecules have expanded
(D) average distance between molecules becomes greater
(E) average molecular kinetic energy decreases
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Periodic 2
13. At standard temperature and pressure, a 0.50 mol sample of H2 gas and a separate 1.0 mol sample of O2 gas have
the same
(A) average molecular kinetic energy
(B) average molecular speed
(C) volume
(D) effusion rate
(E) density
14.
A Lewis diagram for the molecule is shown above. In the actual molecule, the bond angles
are closest to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
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Periodic 2
K(s)+ ½ Cl2(g) → KCl(s) ΔH° = -437kJ/molrxn
The elements K and Cl react directly to form the compound KCl according to the equation above. Refer to the information
above and the table below to answer the questions that follow.
15. Cl2(g) + 2e- → 2Cl-(g)
Which of the following expressions is equivalent to ΔHo for the reaction represented above?
(A) x + y
(B) x-y
(C) x + 2y
(D)
16. How much heat is released or absorbed when 0.050 mol of Cl2(g) is formed from KCl(s)?
(A) 87.4 kJ is released
(B) 43.7 kJ is released
(C) 43.7 kJ is absorbed
(D) 87.4 kJ is absorbed
17. Which of the values of ∆Ho for a process in the table is (are) less than zero (i.e., indicate(s) an exothermic process)?
(A) z only
(B) y and z only
(C) x, y, and z only
(D) w, x, y, and z
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18. Under which of the following conditions of temperature and pressure would 1.0 mol of the real gas CO2(g) behave
most like an ideal gas?
Temperature(K) Pressure(atm)
(A)
100 0.1
Temperature(K) Pressure(atm)
(B)
100 100
Temperature(K) Pressure(atm)
(C)
800 0.1
Temperature(K) Pressure(atm)
(D)
800 1
Temperature(K) Pressure(atm)
(E)
800 100
Refer to the following diatomic species
(A) Li2
(B) B2
(C) N2
(D) O2
(E) F2
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19. Contains 1 sigma (σ) and 2 pi (π) bonds
(A) Li2
(B) B2
(C) N2
(D) O2
(E) F2
20. Has a bond order of 2
(A) Li2
(B) B2
(C) N2
(D) O2
(E) F2
21. Has the largest bond-dissociation energy
(A) Li2
(B) B2
(C) N2
(D) O2
(E) F2
Refer to three gases in identical rigid containers under the conditions given in the table below.
22. The average kinetic energy of the gas molecules is
(A) greatest in container A
(B) greatest in container B
(C) greatest in container C
(D) the same in all three containers
23. The density of the gas, in g/L, is
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(A) greatest in container A
(B) greatest in container B
(C) greatest in container C
(D) the same in all three containers
24.
The photoelectron spectra above show the energy required to remove a 1s electron from a nitrogen atom and from
an oxygen atom. Which of the following statements best accounts for the peak in the upper spectrum being to the
right of the peak in the lower spectrum?
(A) Nitrogen atoms have a half-filled p subshell.
(B) There are more electron-electron repulsions in oxygen atoms than in nitrogen atoms.
Electrons in the p subshell of oxygen atoms provide more shielding than electrons in the p subshell of
(C)
nitrogen atoms.
(D) Nitrogen atoms have a smaller nuclear charge than oxygen atoms.
25. When a sample of oxygen gas in a closed container of constant volume is heated until its absolute temperature is
doubled, which of the following is also doubled?
(A) The density of the gas
(B) The pressure of the gas
(C) The average velocity of the gas molecules
(D) The number of molecules per cm3
(E) The potential energy of the molecules
26. The elements in which of the following have most nearly the same atomic radius?
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(A) Be, B, C, N
(B) Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe
(C) Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba
(D) C, P, Se, I
(E) Cr, Mn, Fe, Co
27. Equal masses of three different ideal gases, X, Y, and Z, are mixed in a sealed rigid container. If the temperature of
the system remains constant, which of the following statements about the partial pressure of gas X is correct?
(A) It is equal to ⅓ the total pressure
(B) It depends on the intermolecular forces of attraction between molecules of X, Y, and Z.
(C) It depends on the relative molecular masses of X, Y, and Z.
(D) It depends on the average distance traveled between molecular collisions.
(E) It can be calculated with knowledge only of the volume of the container.
28. Equal numbers of moles of He(g), Ar(g), and Ne(g) are placed in a glass vessel at room temperature. If the vessel
has a pinhole-sized leak, which of the following will be true regarding the relative values of the partial pressures of
the gases remaining in the vessel after some of the gas mixture has effused?
(A) PHe < PNe < PAr
(B) PHe < PAr < PNe
(C) PNe < PAr < PHe
(D) PAr < PHe < PNe
(E) PHe = PAr = PNe
29. For which of the following molecules are resonance structures necessary to describe the bonding satisfactorily?
(A) H2S
(B) SO2
(C) CO2
(D) OF2
(E) PF3
30. Forms monatomic ions with 2– charge in solutions
(A) F
(B) S
(C) Mg
(D) Ar
(E) Mn
31. The geometry of the SO3 molecule is best described as
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(A) trigonal planar
(B) trigonal pyramidal
(C) square pyramidal
(D) bent
(E) tetrahedral
32.
H-C≡C-H
What is the hybridization of the carbon atoms in a molecule of ethyne, represented above?
(A) sp
(B) sp2
(C) sp3
(D) dsp2
(E) d2sp
33. Two flexible containers for gases are at the same temperature and pressure. One holds 0.50 gram of hydrogen and
the other holds 8.0 grams of oxygen. Which of the following statements regarding these gas samples is FALSE?
(A) The volume of the hydrogen container is the same as the volume of the oxygen container.
The number of molecules in the hydrogen container is the same as the number of molecules in the oxygen
(B)
container.
(C) The density of the hydrogen sample is less than that of the oxygen sample.
The average kinetic energy of the hydrogen molecules is the same as the average kinetic energy of the
(D)
oxygen molecules.
(E) The average speed of the hydrogen molecules is the same as the average speed of the oxygen molecules.
34. Has molecules with a pyramidal shape
(A) NH3(g)
(B) BH3(g)
(C) H2(g)
(D) H2S(g)
(E) HBr(g)
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The following questions relate to the graph below. The graph shows the temperature of a pure substance as it is heated at a
constant rate in an open vessel at 1.0 atm pressure. The substance changes from the solid to the liquid to the gas phase.
35. The substance is at its normal freezing point at time
(A) t1
(B) t2
(C) t3
(D) t4
(E) t5
36. Which of the following best describes what happens to the substance between t4 and t5?
(A) The molecules are leaving the liquid phase.
(B) The solid and liquid phases coexist in equilibrium.
(C) The vapor pressure of the substance is decreasing.
(D) The average intermolecular distance is decreasing.
(E) The temperature of the substance is increasing.
37.
The hybridization of the carbon atoms in the molecule represented above can be described as
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Periodic 2
(A) sp
(B) sp2
(C) sp3
(D) dsp2
(E) d2sp
38.
The ionization energies for element X are listed in the table above. On the basis of the data, element X is most likely
to be
(A) Na
(B) Mg
(C) Al
(D) Si
(E) P
Directions: Each set of lettered choices below refers to the numbered statements immediately following it. Select the one
lettered choice that best fits each statement. A choice may be used once, more than once, or not at all in each set.
The following questions refer to the below molecules:
(A) CO2
(B) H2O
(C) CH4
(D) C2H4
(E) PH3
39. The molecule with the largest dipole moment
(A) CO2
(B) H 2O
(C) CH4
(D) C2H4
(E) PH3
40. The molecule with only one double bond
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(A) CO2
(B) H2O
(C) CH4
(D) C2H4
(E) PH3
41. The molecule that has trigonal pyramidal geometry
(A) CO2
(B) H 2O
(C) CH4
(D) C2H4
(E) PH3
42. Which of the following molecules has an angular (bent) geometry that is commonly represented as a resonance
hybrid of two or more electron-dot structures?
(A) CO2
(B) O3
(C) CH4
(D) BeF2
(E) OF2
43. Of the following molecules, which has the largest dipole moment?
(A) CO
(B) CO2
(C) O2
(D) HF
(E) F2
44. N2 molecules absorb ultraviolet light but not visible light. I2 molecules absorb both visible and ultraviolet light.
Which of the following statements explains the observations?
(A) More energy is required to make N2 molecules vibrate than is required to make I2 molecules vibrate.
More energy is required to remove an electron from an I2 molecule than is required to remove an electron
(B)
from a N2 molecule.
Visible light does not produce transitions between electronic energy levels in the N2 molecule but does
(C)
produce transitions in the I2 molecule.
(D) The molecular mass of I2 is greater than the molecular mass of N2.
45. Pi (π) bonding occurs in each of the following species EXCEPT
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(A) CO2
(B) C2H4
(C) CN–
(D) C6H6
(E) CH4
46. The pressure, in atm, exerted by 1.85 mol of an ideal gas placed in a 3.00 L container at 35.0°C is given by which of
the following expressions?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
47. Which of the following molecules has the shortest bond length?
(A) N2
(B) O2
(C) Cl2
(D) Br2
(E) I2
48.
Material Initial Temperature Mass Specific Heat
Cup
of Spoon of Spoon of Spoon Capacity
Aluminum
Ceramic
Steel
Silver
Four identical cups of coffee, originally at , were stirred with four different spoons, as listed in the
table above. In which cup will the temperature of the coffee be highest at thermal equilibrium? (Assume that the
heat lost to the surroundings is negligible.)
(A) Cup
(B) Cup
(C) Cup
(D) Cup
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49.
The cooling curve above shows how the temperature of a sample varies with time as the sample goes through phase
changes. The sample starts as a gas, and heat is removed at a constant rate. At which time does the sample contain
the most liquid?
(A) t1
(B) t2
(C) t3
(D) t4
(E) t5
50. The electron-dot structure (Lewis structure) for which of the following molecules would have two unshared pairs of
electrons on the central atom?
(A) H2S
(B) NH3
(C) CH4
(D) HCN
(E) CO2
51. Which of the following properties generally decreases across the periodic table from sodium to chlorine?
(A) First ionization energy
(B) Atomic mass
(C) Electronegativity
(D) Maximum value of oxidation number
(E) Atomic radius
52. Which of the following gases deviates most from ideal behavior?
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(A) SO2
(B) Ne
(C) CH4
(D) N2
(E) H2
53. Which of the following is a nonpolar molecule that contains polar bonds?
(A) F2
(B) CHF3
(C) CO2
(D) HCl
(E) NH3
54. Which of the following molecules contains only single bonds?
(A) CH3COOH
(B) CH3CH2COOCH3
(C) C2H6
(D) C6H6
(E) HCN
55. Which of the following has a zero dipole moment?
(A) HCN
(B) NH3
(C) SO2
(D) NO2
(E) PF5
56. Which of the following ions has the same number of electrons as Br - ?
(A) Ca2+
(B) K+
(C) Sr2+
(D) I-
(E) Cl-
57. Which of the following species is NOT planar?
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(A) CO32-
(B) NO3-
(C) ClF3
(D) BF3
(E) PCl3
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