This document describes an experiment on buoyancy. Students will determine the buoyant force of an object using two methods: water displacement and weight difference. In water displacement, they measure the volume of water displaced and use that to calculate buoyant force. In weight difference, they measure the weight of the object in air and water and take the difference. They will repeat for kerosene and brine solutions. The document provides materials, procedures, data tables, sample calculations, and discussion questions.
This document describes an experiment on buoyancy. Students will determine the buoyant force of an object using two methods: water displacement and weight difference. In water displacement, they measure the volume of water displaced and use that to calculate buoyant force. In weight difference, they measure the weight of the object in air and water and take the difference. They will repeat for kerosene and brine solutions. The document provides materials, procedures, data tables, sample calculations, and discussion questions.
This document describes an experiment on buoyancy. Students will determine the buoyant force of an object using two methods: water displacement and weight difference. In water displacement, they measure the volume of water displaced and use that to calculate buoyant force. In weight difference, they measure the weight of the object in air and water and take the difference. They will repeat for kerosene and brine solutions. The document provides materials, procedures, data tables, sample calculations, and discussion questions.
This document describes an experiment on buoyancy. Students will determine the buoyant force of an object using two methods: water displacement and weight difference. In water displacement, they measure the volume of water displaced and use that to calculate buoyant force. In weight difference, they measure the weight of the object in air and water and take the difference. They will repeat for kerosene and brine solutions. The document provides materials, procedures, data tables, sample calculations, and discussion questions.
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PHYSICS FOR ENGINEERS 2 LABORATORY ACTIVITY 1
BUOYANCY
I. ACTIVITY LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the activity, you should be able:
a. To determine the buoyant force of an object using water displacement method. b. To determine the buoyant force of an object using the weight difference.
II. MATERIALS
1 500- ml graduated cylinder
1 steel mass 1 spring balance 1 m string
III. PROCEDURE
Figure 1.1
Part 1 Water Displacement Method
1. Partly fill the graduated cylinder with water. Record the level of the liquid in the scale. Mark the level as Vo. 2. Put the metal in the graduated cylinder. Note the change of the liquid’s level. Mark as Vf.. 3. Compute the volume Vdisplaced of the water displaced by subtracting the two volume values, Vdisplaced = Vf -V0. (Use SI units for all the quantities). 4. Compute for the buoyant force experienced by the object. Use the following formula to solve the buoyant force:
B1=ρmedium ∙ g ∙V displaced
where B = buoyant force
ρmedium = density of the medium Vdisplaced = volume displaced g = gravitational acceleration g= 9.80 m/s2
5. Record all values in Table 1.1.
6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 with kerosene and brine solution as the liquid medium.
Activity 01 _ Buoyancy 1 Part II Loss of Mass Method
Figure 1.2 Figure 1.3
1. Tie the steel block with a piece of string. Hang the steel block at the end of the spring balance. Refer to Figure 1.2. Read the measurement and record it as the weight of the steel in the air, W1, in Table 1.2. 2. Submerge the block in the graduated cylinder that contains water. See Figure 1.3. Read the measurement and record it as the weight of the steel in the medium, W2. 3. Determine the buoyant force using the equation: B2=W 1 −W 2 4. Compute the percentage difference between the buoyant forces determined in Part I and Part II.
IV. DATA AND RESULTS
Table 1.1 Water Displacement Method
Medium Items water kerosene brine solution Density, ρ, (kg/m3) 1000 820 1030 Vdisplaced, V (m3) 6e-6 6.5e-6 5e-6 Buoyant force, B1 (N) 0.0588 0.52234 0.5047
Table 1.2 Loss of mass method
Medium water kerosene brine solution Weight of the steel in the 0.1 0.1 0.1 air, W1 (N) Weight of steel in the 0.1 0.09 0.11 medium, W2 (N) 0 0.098 0.098 Buoyant force, B2 (N) 20% 136.80% 134.95% % difference
Activity 01 _ Buoyancy 2 V. GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
1. A boat floating in fresh water displaces 35.6kN of water. a) What weight of water would this boat displace if it were floating in the salt water of density 1024 kg/m3? b) Would the volume of water displaced change? If so, how much?
a.) volume of salt water displaced = (35.6 kN) / (1024 kg/m3) = 0.0347 m3
weight of water displaced = volume of salt water displaced x density of salt water = 0.0347 m3 x 1024 kg/m3 = 35.5 Kn
b.) volume of fresh water displaced = (35.6 kN) / (1000 kg/m3) = 0.0356 m3
2. A tin can has a total volume of 1200 cm3 and a mass of 130 g. How many grams of lead shot could it carry without sinking in water? The density of lead is 11.4 g/cm3.
weight of can = 130 g / 1000 g/kg = 0.13 kg
weight of lead shot = 0.0118 kN - 0.13 kg x 9.81 m/s2 = 0.00087 kN weight of lead shot = 0.00087 kN x 1000 N/kN / 9.81 m/s2 x 1000 g/kg = 89 g
3. Place two cans of soft drinks, one regular and one diet, in a container of water. you will find that the diet drink floats while the regular one sinks. Use Archimedes’ principle to devise an explanation. The artificial sweetener used in diet drinks is less dense than sugar. Will an ice cube float higher in water or in an alcoholic beverage?
When the cans of soft drinks are placed in water, the regular one sinks because it is denser than water and therefore displaces an amount of water less than its weight. The diet drink, on the other hand, floats because it is less dense than water and therefore displaces an amount of water greater than its weight. This difference in density is due to the fact that the artificial sweetener used in diet drinks is less dense than sugar.
An ice cube will float higher in water than in an alcoholic beverage because the density of water is higher than the density of most alcoholic beverages. This means that an ice cube will displace more volume of the water than it would displace in the alcoholic beverage, resulting in a higher level of buoyancy force and hence, it will float higher.
VI. CREDITS
Created by: MPS Laboratory Committee
Version: 1.0 Modified: October 2018
VII. REFERENCES
Hecht, Eugene (2018). College Physics, McGraw Hill Education
Serway, Raymond A. (2018). Physics for Scientists and Engineers. Cengage Learning Serway, Raymond A. (2019). Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics. Cengage Learning Szauer, Gabor (2017). Game Physics Cookbook. Packt Publishing Wilson, Jerry D. (2019). Study Guide and Selected Solutions Manual for College Physics. Addison-Wesley Wolf, Marilyn (2017). The Physics of Computing. Elsevier/Morgan Kaufmann
